ライフサイエンスコーパス: postmenopausal

1 e 85 female participants 19 were pre- and 66 postmenopausal.

2 hs at age 50 years or older were regarded as postmenopausal.

3 luded 2,449 patients (1,227 EC-T v 1,222 TC: postmenopausal, 62.2% v 60.8%; pN0, 58.2% v 59.5%; pT1,

4 Most were postmenopausal (66%), parous with a first full-term preg

5 rican-American women, and particularly among postmenopausal African-American women.

6 and effects in patients at premenopausal and postmenopausal ages.

7 ervix using a transvaginal approach in eight postmenopausal and 25 premenopausal women.

8 Of these 60 women, 50% were postmenopausal and 50% were not.

9 She was postmenopausal and had a long-standing history of migrai

10 besity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal and high-risk premenopausal women.

11 an population mainly with respect to risk of postmenopausal and hormone receptor positive BC.

12 rial cancer (EC) are rising, particularly in postmenopausal and obese women.

13 Postmenopausal and premenopausal patients were 13,686 an

14 ith poor prognosis beyond five years in both postmenopausal and premenopausal subgroups.

15 es at the IA, IP, and EA regions between the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were significantl

16 nopause status, age at natural menopause (if postmenopausal), and cardiovascular disease status (incl

17 Additionally, among 121 patients not postmenopausal at randomisation with MAF-positive tumour

18 Of women who were 40 to 69 years old and postmenopausal at study enrollment, 144 260 were eligibl

19 l, 4,534 women were premenopausal, and 6,481 postmenopausal, at the time of mammography.

20 We compared vaginal microbial communities in postmenopausal Black and White women.

21 rispatus or L. gasseri was more common in 44 postmenopausal Black women (n = 12, 27%) than among 44 m

22 ite was true for abnormal mole, breast lump, postmenopausal bleeding, and rectal bleeding.

23 the obesity-associated cancers, the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44, 0.77

24 igh-income countries, whereas the increasing postmenopausal breast cancer burden was most notable in

25 mately 645 000 premenopausal and 1.4 million postmenopausal breast cancer cases were diagnosed worldw

26 analysis included 301 premenopausal and 399 postmenopausal breast cancer cases.

27 tions and significantly increasing ASIRs for postmenopausal breast cancer in 24 of 44 populations.

28 re to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.

29 rozole for measuring aromatase expression in postmenopausal breast cancer in vivo.

30 y high HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence (30.6 and 253.6 c

31 y with aromatase inhibitors in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer is unknown.

32 ere associated with lower rates of incident, postmenopausal breast cancer over 5 y of follow-up.

33 pre- and postdiagnosis use of supplements in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors in Germany and in

34 The corresponding RRs for postmenopausal breast cancer were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.60-1.1

35 of a rising burden of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer worldwide.

36 monal therapy in estrogen receptor positive, postmenopausal breast cancer, although response rate is

37 ed positive associations between leucine and postmenopausal breast cancer, and isoleucine with pancre

38 e been considered potential risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, and the association betwee

39 icularly obesity-associated cancers, such as postmenopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and co

40 matase inhibitor-based therapy in women with postmenopausal breast cancer.

41 rozole for measuring aromatase expression in postmenopausal breast cancer.

42 ted lifestyles to generate risk profiles for postmenopausal breast cancer.

43 increased incidence of premenopausal but not postmenopausal breast cancer.

44 enopausal and 26.2% (95% CI, 24.4%-28.0%) of postmenopausal breast cancers could potentially be avert

45 itro studies suggest that only two thirds of postmenopausal breast tumors overexpress aromatase.

46 ationship between coronary calcification and postmenopausal calcification (p < 0.001).

47 e, and 13 metabolites were measured in 1,298 postmenopausal cases of breast cancer and 1,524 matched

48 ariation in 25(OH)D dose-response in healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women.

49 ium clinical supplementation trials in 2,207 postmenopausal Caucasian women.

50 Even at postmenopausal concentrations, progesterone activates PR

51 rum estrogen decreased significantly both in postmenopausal controls and transplantated patients comp

52 dence interval: -15.0, -8.0; P < 0.0001) and postmenopausal (difference = -7.2%, 95% confidence inter

53 striatal dopaminergic neuron degeneration in postmenopausal drug-naive Parkinson's disease (PD).

54 Because tamoxifen acts as an agonist in the postmenopausal endometrium, similar to estrogen in the b

55 However, postmenopausal estrogen deprivation during midlife and o

56 Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positiv

57 y, from baseline serum/plasma samples of 191 postmenopausal female LC cases (HCC, n = 83; ICC, n = 56

58 A total of 254 postmenopausal female participants were included in this

59 serum and saliva during transplantation in 7 postmenopausal female patients with lymphoma compared to

60 A 54-year-old postmenopausal female with a history of stroke and carot

61 Gender (premenopausal and postmenopausal females), age (prepubertal children), and

62 s were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck

63 ding, oral contraceptive use, or ever use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of B-cell NHL or

64 ive use, body mass index, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, diastolic blood pres

65 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.94] and postmenopausal (HR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.42-0.72) breast can

66 enopausal (HR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.54-0.94) and postmenopausal (HR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.42-0.72) breast can

67 investigated in a observational study of 102 postmenopausal, HR + HER2- metastatic breast cancer pati

68 In this guideline, postmenopausal includes patients with natural menopause

69 ay vital role in sexual problems endorsed by postmenopausal insomniacs, particularly regarding low de

70 Among postmenopausal middle-aged women, CHIP was independently

71 medium HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal mortality, respectively (8.5 and 53.3 dea

72 ithin 12 months; AMH <20 pg/mL; group 2), or postmenopausal (n = 743) (no menses within12 months; AMH

73 Among healthy postmenopausal older women with a mean baseline serum 25

74 We enrolled men and postmenopausal or hysterectomised women (aged 18-65 year

75 e isoflavone and probiotic treatment against postmenopausal osteopenia.We used a novel red clover ext

76 ontrolled, randomized controlled trial of 78 postmenopausal osteopenic women supplemented with calciu

77 Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a risk factor for p

78 ent of bone remodeling and angiogenesis in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model.

79 olled women (aged >/=55 to </=90 years) with postmenopausal osteoporosis who had taken an oral bispho

80 ibody has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

81 mized interventional design, we investigated postmenopausal overweight or obese female subjects who e

82 randomized trial, we randomly allocated 174 postmenopausal patients (2.8 years after adjuvant therap

83 ter cooperative-group trial was conducted in postmenopausal patients diagnosed with ER-positive DCIS

84 A total of 667 pre- and postmenopausal patients were enrolled and had received t

85 a randomised trial in a larger population of postmenopausal patients with advanced, hormone receptor-

86 ble options as adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive e

87 marginally prolonged overall survival among postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive m

88 icacy or safety compared with anastrozole in postmenopausal patients with HR-positive, node-positive

89 duce bone recurrence and improve survival in postmenopausal patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer

90 Fulvestrant is used in only postmenopausal patients, and its effects in the presence

91 nce and survival seem to be improved only in postmenopausal patients, but the underlying mechanisms r

92 Nevertheless, for HER2+ postmenopausal patients, the model has less effective pr

93 tly due to increased oxidative damage in the postmenopausal period.

94 From early postnatal periods until the postmenopausal phase, exposure to over nutrition, high-e

95 ne and oestradiol concentrations were within postmenopausal ranges) with hormone receptor-positive, H

96 that bacteria reside in the bladder wall of postmenopausal RUTI patients and that diverse bacterial

97 ndently alters the microbiome and identified postmenopausal status as the main driver of a polymicrob

98 enrolled women aged 18 years and older with postmenopausal status who had histologically or cytologi

99 s strict recommendations in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms, in which testosterone (TES) rep

100 Severity of hepatic fibrosis is greater in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, perhaps owin

101 We enrolled 96 HIV-negative postmenopausal US women in a phase 2a double-blind, rand

102 A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a palpable mass of t

103 A 68-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with breast cancer 6

104 (-11.5%; 95% CI: -15.0, -8.0; p<0.0001) and postmenopausal women (-7.2%; 95% CI: -10.0, -4.3; p<0.00

105 We studied a subpopulation of 3,145 postmenopausal women (1,796 European-American (EA) and 1

106 ticenter, double-blind study of 115 healthy, postmenopausal women (45 to 75 years of age) from Novemb

107 e concentrations were measured in 80 men and postmenopausal women (48 men, 32 women, age 40-65 y) enr

108 acebo-controlled phase 2, study, we enrolled postmenopausal women (aged >=18 years) with histological

109 Eligible patients were postmenopausal women (aged >=60 years or aged <60 years

110 Eligible women were postmenopausal women (at least 36 months since last mens

111 tion between MHT and risk of FI among 55,828 postmenopausal women (mean age, 73 years) who participat

112 Hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women (n = 20, mean +/- SD age 64 +/- 7 y

113 Patients and Methods Postmenopausal women (N = 36,794) ages 50 to 79 years at

114 y inversely associated with interleukin 6 in postmenopausal women (P = 0.03).

115 ersely associated with interleukin-6 only in postmenopausal women (p=0.04).

116 A total of 2303 healthy postmenopausal women 55 years or older were randomized,

117 eding trial that was conducted in 81 men and postmenopausal women [49 men and 32 women; age range: 40

118 study was completed by 45 overweight men and postmenopausal women [age 58.9 +/- 4.3 y, BMI 27.9 +/- 1

119 onsuming a Western-style diet, 49 men and 32 postmenopausal women [age range: 40-65 y, body mass inde

120 f systemic hypertension increases sharply as postmenopausal women age.

121 Postmenopausal women aged 18 years or older with histolo

122 domized clinical trials that involved 27 347 postmenopausal women aged 50 through 79 years with no pr

123 Observational follow-up of US multiethnic postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years enrolled in 2 r

124 48 studies that enrolled men or postmenopausal women aged 50 years or older who were bei

125 fication Trial.Participants comprised 48,835 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 y; 40% were randomly ass

126 All of the participants were postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at baseline (1993-

127 on microsimulation model of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women aged 55 years or older was develope

128 , placebo-controlled, phase 3 FREEDOM trial, postmenopausal women aged 60-90 years with osteoporosis

129 le-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, postmenopausal women aged at least 18 years with an East

130 3 trial (done in 130 UK hospitals) in which postmenopausal women aged at least 50 years with WHO per

131 METHODS AND Data of 1023 postmenopausal women and 1124 men (>/=45 years) with car

132 HDL function and composition in overweight, postmenopausal women and determine how changes in HDL co

133 d size in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women and determine the relationship betw

134 alent risk factor for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and had the largest effect on the P

135 ctive strategy for osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women and has the potential to prevent a

136 National Osteoporosis Foundation guidelines, postmenopausal women and men at least 50 y old with oste

137 Obesity enhances breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and premenopausal women with geneti

138 ssociation between the facial features of 97 postmenopausal women and their levels of OS biomarkers 8

139 cholesterol-lowering medications.CVD risk in postmenopausal women appears to be sensitive to a change

140 Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for cardiovascul

141 , which indicates that CpdX could be used in postmenopausal women as an efficient "harmless" GC subst

142 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer

143 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing bre

144 Postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing bre

145 In postmenopausal women at increased risk, the choice of en

146 tive recruited a large prospective cohort of postmenopausal women between 1993 and 1998.

147 for osteoporosis and reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women by up to 50%.

148 range of potential nutritional biomarkers in postmenopausal women by using a controlled feeding study

149 A total of 109 postmenopausal women consumed 1 L of semiskimmed milk (1

150 tary pattern on the cardiovascular health of postmenopausal women continues to be of public health in

151 re favorable among premenopausal or recently postmenopausal women deserves further investigation.

152 Fifteen of the pre-, and 49 of the postmenopausal women developed ulcerative mucositis (p =

153 Data from 2223 postmenopausal women diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast

154 cent to the fracture site were obtained from postmenopausal women during fracture repair surgery (fra

155 We prospectively examined a cohort of 93,676 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Init

156 Half of postmenopausal women experience genitourinary syndrome o

157 estionnaires between 1980 and 2014 in 75,180 postmenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study, and

158 We included postmenopausal women from the UK Biobank (n=11 495) aged

159 (CaD) and fracture risk.Data from 5823 white postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative

160 alized controlled feeding study in which 153 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative

161 Postmenopausal women have unique sociobiological human i

162 d with a modestly increased risk of FI among postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study.

163 Using large-scale cohort data from postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Da

164 Of 144 260 postmenopausal women included (mean [SD] age at enrollme

165 Conclusion Intentional weight loss in postmenopausal women is associated with a lower endometr

166 For example, a lack of estrogens in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased ris

167 benefits and the harms of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women is small to moderate.

168 Among postmenopausal women not taking estrogen, DASH (score: 1

169 ely associated with BMD than AHEI or MeDS in postmenopausal women not taking estrogen.

170 We enrolled postmenopausal women of any age with hormone receptor-po

171 plain the reduced breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women over 60 who are taking conjugated e

172 35-50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5-26.9) postmenopausal women paired by age and ethnicity.

173 Data of 3,117 postmenopausal women participants of the Rotterdam Study

174 sonality in self-reported diet quality among postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health

175 orectomy (BSO), and incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health

176 nd risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in 87,042 postmenopausal women recruited from 1993-1998 by the Wom

177 Shotgun sequencing of vaginal swabs from postmenopausal women self-identified as Black or White w

178 consumption of 2 whole eggs/d by overweight, postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in ch

179 With this strategy, 12.8% of postmenopausal women sustained hip fractures in their re

180 Ab) and RNA-sequencing of bone biopsies from postmenopausal women to identify osteoclast-secreted fac

181 sis of urine and bladder biopsy samples from postmenopausal women undergoing cystoscopy with fulgurat

182 ional data from three independent samples of postmenopausal women were analyzed, including women from

183 Pre- and postmenopausal women were examined separately, and furth

184 Postmenopausal women who had large cup-to-disc ratio wit

185 primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy.

186 This was a prospective cohort study with postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Hea

187 Among 27 347 postmenopausal women who were randomized in both trials

188 ndometrial and ovarian cancers among 108,136 postmenopausal women who were recruited in the US Women'

189 Methods: Ten newly diagnosed, postmenopausal women with biopsy confirmed breast cancer

190 Methods: Ten newly diagnosed postmenopausal women with biopsy-confirmed breast cancer

191 4747 (89.8%) premenopausal and 12502 (95.1%) postmenopausal women with breast cancer had at least 1 b

192 arotid plaque composition in elderly men and postmenopausal women with carotid atherosclerosis, as we

193 study estimated rates of sexual distress in postmenopausal women with chronic insomnia and explored

194 Postmenopausal women with chronic insomnia endorse high

195 KD or were receiving dialysis (3 trials), or postmenopausal women with CKD (4 trials).

196 he estrogen exposure and deprivation period, postmenopausal women with drug-naive PD were divided int

197 Eligible patients were postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer taki

198 bined with endocrine therapy is effective in postmenopausal women with endocrine-resistant, hormone r

199 one treatment plus 3 years of the other) for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early bre

200 In a cohort of postmenopausal women with ER-positive DCIS, preoperative

201 Postmenopausal women with ER-positive primary BC and tum

202 INTERPRETATION: In postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive brea

203 -line or second-line treatments, or both, in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, HER

204 rapies with or without targeted therapies in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, HER

205 Thus, postmenopausal women with insomnia may be especially vul

206 We included 3,393 premenopausal and 3,915 postmenopausal women with intact ovaries/uterus from the

207 We included 3,393 premenopausal and 3,915 postmenopausal women with intact ovaries/uterus from the

208 ative to the standard dose for both pre- and postmenopausal women with intraepithelial neoplasia are

209 odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass.

210 d Methods The trial randomly assigned 48,835 postmenopausal women with normal mammograms and without

211 lpha-OH), and stimulated equol production in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

212 We enrolled 4093 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and a fragility f

213 -neutralizing antibody (Scl-Ab) indicated in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for

214 In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who were at high

215 ety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

216 rdiovascular events, specifically stroke, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

217 b, which is widely used for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

218 f therapeutic approaches to treating men and postmenopausal women with PD.

219 rates the association between ELF and CLD in postmenopausal women with risk factors for liver disease

220 RE) and its performance in predicting LRE in postmenopausal women with risk factors in a nested case-

221 Among 1367 US postmenopausal women with serum metabolomic data in the

222 Postmenopausal women with stage I-IIIA hormone receptor-

223 ncology Group (ACOSOG) Z1031A trial enrolled postmenopausal women with stage II or III ER-positive (A

224 n the US Pelvic Floor Disorders Network, 183 postmenopausal women with symptomatic uterovaginal prola

225 Across cohorts, CHIP prevalence in postmenopausal women with versus without a history of pr

226 Vs) in breast cancer susceptibility genes in postmenopausal women with vs without breast cancer to gu

227 Among 1500 white and 1300 black postmenopausal women without cardiovascular disease from

228 Postmenopausal women without premature menopause served

229 A total of 1016 postmenopausal women, aged 53 to 81 years, completed bas

230 In the WHI DM trial, 48,835 postmenopausal women, ages 50-79 years, with no prior br

231 Insomnia is common in postmenopausal women, and disturbed sleep has been linke

232 However, among postmenopausal women, greater adherence to HEI-2010 (qua

233 The molecular basis of RUTI, especially in postmenopausal women, has remained unclear because model

234 Among postmenopausal women, hormone therapy with CEE plus MPA

235 in a very homogeneous population of healthy postmenopausal women, indicate that there is a beneficia

236 In a first-in-human study in postmenopausal women, once daily treatment with BAY 1214

237 In postmenopausal women, reporting of simple cysts greater

238 d 96.7 mg/L in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women, respectively.

239 In postmenopausal women, the corresponding difference in ra

240 Among postmenopausal women, the effect was more pronounced in

241 ons can be detected in this population of US postmenopausal women, these differences are not substant

242 In postmenopausal women, treatment with oestradiol appears

243 iated with serious adverse health effects in postmenopausal women, use of menopausal hormone therapy

244 In a prospective study of postmenopausal women, we found significant increases in

245 02) were associated with lower CRP levels in postmenopausal women, whereas duration of OC use was pos

246 02) were associated with lower CRP levels in postmenopausal women, whereas only OC duration was posit

247 bacterial disease (PNTM) often affects white postmenopausal women, with a tall and lean body habitus

248 depression-related metabolic alterations in postmenopausal women, with possible implications for lat

249 reduced risk of breast cancer among pre- and postmenopausal women.

250 efully considered before starting therapy in postmenopausal women.

251 ospective cohort of 65-y-old healthy men and postmenopausal women.

252 ase were investigated in this study on older postmenopausal women.

253 ted to prevent ER(+) breast cancers in obese postmenopausal women.

254 a composite of cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal women.

255 ep duration is associated with longer LTL in postmenopausal women.

256 usly sedentary middle-aged and older men and postmenopausal women.

257 le in lowering endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

258 y present in plasma of obese versus nonobese postmenopausal women.

259 were safe, well tolerated, and acceptable in postmenopausal women.

260 e vulnerabilities for ER(+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

261 trogen action and frequently occurs in older postmenopausal women.

262 C-reactive protein in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

263 have high rates of recurrence, especially in postmenopausal women.

264 is promising for preexposure prophylaxis in postmenopausal women.

265 ted with worsened breast cancer prognosis in postmenopausal women.

266 but not consistently in oestrogen-deficient postmenopausal women.

267 f hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

268 vels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in healthy postmenopausal women.

269 isk of death as a result of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

270 itable for application in this population of postmenopausal women.

271 sociations of ESH and T2D were based only in postmenopausal women.

272 primary preventive measures for, insomnia in postmenopausal women.

273 increases the risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women.

274 ial effect on bone turnover markers (BTM) in postmenopausal women.

275 primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women.

276 eased breast cancer incidence in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

277 tive as a screening tool for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

278 has a negative impact on quality of life of postmenopausal women.

279 eased risk of incident HF hospitalization in postmenopausal women.

280 itable for application in this population of postmenopausal women.

281 compared with continuous use of letrozole in postmenopausal women.

282 idence and mortality among premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

283 nal microbial communities of Black and White postmenopausal women.

284 stance in black compared with white pre- and postmenopausal women.

285 is independently associated with CHIP among postmenopausal women.

286 diets could be a risk factor for insomnia in postmenopausal women.

287 ive protein levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

288 development of asthma in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

289 stratified by male, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women.

290 (P = 0.01) and trochanter BMD (P = 0.007) in postmenopausal women.

291 4-wk intervention periods in 20 overweight, postmenopausal women.

292 ne (DPV) vaginal ring (VR) versus placebo in postmenopausal women.

293 nd 18.4%, 12.7%, and 10.5%, respectively, in postmenopausal women.An interactive program for calculat

294 delaying or reducing PD symptoms in men and postmenopausal women.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanis

295 bone mineral density (BMD) loss in peri- and postmenopausal women.We systematically searched EMBASE a

296 olite of DEP) concentration (p < 0.05) among postmenopausal women; all six genes loaded on to one of

297 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.09) based on 1,172 cases in postmenopausal women; p-interaction=0.08].

298 at final menstrual period was summarized for postmenopausal WWH (group 3) and estimated among all WWH

299 d was 48 (45, 51) years when described among postmenopausal WWH, and either 49 (46, 52) or 50 (47, 53

300 particularly in the premenopausal and early postmenopausal years.