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1 cal circuit (i.e., primary sensory cortex to primary motor cortex).
2 the larynx and the jaw muscles in the human primary motor cortex.
3 nhancements triggered by gamma tACS over the primary motor cortex.
4 edicted by neural activation patterns within primary motor cortex.
5 beta and low gamma desynchronization in the primary motor cortex.
6 tion activity of neurons in the hand area of primary motor cortex.
7 provide such a view from dorsal premotor and primary motor cortex.
8 vergence of sensory information in the mouse primary motor cortex.
9 unctional responses in the thumb area of the primary motor cortex.
10 ptic motor-evoked potential evoked by TMS of primary motor cortex.
11 or how preparatory activity is attenuated in primary motor cortex.
12 ng control region analogous to human layer 5 primary motor cortex.
13 ndent LTP-like and LTD-like effects in human primary motor cortex.
14 y modulating neural activity patterns in the primary motor cortex.
15 lysis of pERK expression in the striatum and primary motor cortex.
16 ed connectivity between the thalamus and the primary motor cortex.
17 tial relationships and its projection to the primary motor cortex.
18 h transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex.
19 lum and basal ganglia, with decreases in the primary motor cortex.
20 acaque monkeys whilst TMS was performed over primary motor cortex.
21 with one of the stimulation protocols to the primary motor cortex.
22 ast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex.
23 tomic location of the hand-motor knob in the primary motor cortex.
24 on) explored through paired-pulse TMS of the primary motor cortex.
25 rm potentiation (LTP)-like effect within the primary motor cortex.
26 citability and GABA synaptic activity in the primary motor cortex.
27 ery of motor function after injury in monkey primary motor cortex.
28 l movements were uniquely represented in the primary motor cortex.
29 that only single elements are represented in primary motor cortex.
30 y been shown to reflect motor control in the primary motor cortex.
31 tability and physiological inhibition in the primary motor cortex.
32 creases BDNF in the nigrostriatal system and primary motor cortex.
33 arget selection) altered neural responses in primary motor cortex ~65 ms after the limb disturbance,
34 1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response
35 tivities of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex, a cortical region important for th
36 l betweenness centrality of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex, a measure that characterizes the i
40 ich we show that disrupting left PPC but not primary motor cortex after learning has been allowed to
41 ease in connectivity between the putamen and primary motor cortex after levodopa intake during moveme
43 ely correlated with cortical excitability in primary motor cortex and are predicted by motor tic seve
44 other interconnected structures, such as the primary motor cortex and cerebellum, as well as the cont
45 question, we recorded neural activity in the primary motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum during re
47 -related cortical activity in the stimulated primary motor cortex and functionally interconnected reg
48 e found that large numbers of neurons in the primary motor cortex and in several motor areas on the m
49 us, and raphe nuclei (phase II), followed by primary motor cortex and precerebellar nuclei (phase III
50 ty between the pre-supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex and putamen when patients suppresse
55 tonia group showed abnormal increases in the primary motor cortex and thalamus compared with controls
56 coupling of beta-phase to gamma-amplitude in primary motor cortex and that deep brain stimulation fac
58 anscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex and the measurement of motor evoked
59 tor cortices (P < 0.05) and between the left primary motor cortex and the right premotor area (P < 0.
60 of 40-100 Gy to 5-7.5 mm fields in the left primary motor cortex and the right subcortical white mat
61 in the rostral versus caudal regions of the primary motor cortex and to its underlying somatotopic o
62 ar proximal arm muscle or isolated neuron in primary motor cortex and two targets were placed so that
64 ion to either the dorsolateral prefrontal or primary motor cortex, and induced motor skill improvemen
65 e supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, and midcingulate cortex, as well a
66 to either the dorsolateral prefrontal or the primary motor cortex, and neither memory was impaired.
67 d increased metabolism in the preoptic area, primary motor cortex, and the amygdala, and decreased me
68 trality in the anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex; and (iii) abnormal CSF phosphoryla
69 premotor cortices and those associated with primary motor cortex are differentially affected in prim
70 a (area 45), frontoinsular cortex (area FI), primary motor cortex (area 4), primary auditory cortex (
71 y transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex arrive at corticospinal-motor neuro
73 utput from supplementary motor area and left primary motor cortex as the source of signal modificatio
74 e thalamus, entrains the excitability of the primary motor cortex, as reflected by the phase-amplitud
75 ncies (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) on the primary motor cortex at rest and during motor imagery.
76 regions a unique activation was found in the primary motor cortex (BA4) at MNI coordinates -38 -26 56
77 ntly greater brain activity than controls in primary motor cortex (BA4), supramarginal gyrus (BA40),
78 excitatory coupling between the thalamus and primary motor cortex (Bayesian model selection; winning
80 V pyramidal and gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex between 11 carnivore and 9 primate
82 he bilateral hand amputation, we studied the primary motor cortex by using combined task and resting
83 f a brain-computer interface, neurons in the primary motor cortex can be intensely active even though
84 citability in both the angular gyrus and the primary motor cortex caused the reported time of conscio
85 e function of giant pyramidal neurons of the primary motor cortex ('cells of Betz') with the cortical
86 response of the iCSP from the contralesional primary motor cortex (cM1) hand/arm area to spinal level
87 parietal cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex contralateral to the acting hand.
88 excitability, a mechanism through which the primary motor cortex controls motor output, is unknown.
89 suggesting that a tonic inhibition state in primary motor cortex could prevent the affordance from p
90 l recordings from the forelimb region of the primary motor cortex demonstrated reduced, training-indu
95 areas, with the most pronounced loss in the primary motor cortex, especially in lateral primary moto
97 was revealed: whereas only the contralateral primary motor cortex exhibited unique patterns for each
98 ioglossus (GG) muscles within the rat's face primary motor cortex (face-M1) and adjacent face primary
99 loring the neuroplastic capacity of the face primary motor cortex (face-M1) and adjacent primary soma
101 eurostimulation therapies in addition to the primary motor cortex for patients who do not respond ade
102 whereas stimulation of a control region-the primary motor cortex-had no effect on adaptive control.
103 the activity of corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex hand area during the use of a tool
105 troencephalography (EEG) recordings over the primary motor cortex have been associated with the prepa
106 oth at rest and during a movement task; (ii) primary motor cortex high beta (20-30 Hz) power is incre
107 e role of subcomponents other than that from primary motor cortex, however, is not well understood.
108 ve neuronal stimulations in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) can promote functional recove
109 Here we show that inactivation of the mouse primary motor cortex impairs both the acquisition and ex
110 tical inhibition (SICI) of the contralateral primary motor cortex in a sample of 64 healthy right-han
112 increase in activity within the ipsilesional primary motor cortex in patients with a wide range of di
113 A recent study demonstrates involvement of primary motor cortex in task-dependent modulation of rap
116 etitive microstimulation (200 Hz, 500 ms) of primary motor cortex in two rhesus monkeys during perfor
118 ndary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula and posterior parietal cort
119 one of two targets by modulating activity in primary motor cortex irrespective of physical movement.
121 on's disease, the LTP-like plasticity of the primary motor cortex is impaired, and gamma oscillations
123 ear whether the ipsilateral or contralateral primary motor cortex is involved in turning the head rig
125 area of the ventral premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex is necessary for transforming visua
127 ng revealed increased activation in the left primary motor cortex leg area during handgrip and the le
128 ces recovery of function after injury of the primary motor cortex, likely through enhancing plasticit
129 c movement task to reveal cyclic activity in primary motor cortex locked to submovements, and a disti
130 non-discrete premotor signals that drive the primary motor cortex M1 to reflect the movement of the g
132 y applied iTBS blocks of 600 pulses over the primary motor cortex (M1 stimulation) and the parieto-oc
133 thought to cause dyskinesia, alterations in primary motor cortex (M1) activity are also prominent du
136 d by slower components thought to arise from primary motor cortex (M1) and other supraspinal areas.
139 omatomotor areas such as contralateral S1BC, primary motor cortex (M1) and secondary somatosensory co
140 vodopa on induced power in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and STN and on the coherence b
141 We studied movement encoding across the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (
142 sponses to stimulation of different parts of primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (
143 a record of the activity in the areas of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the secondary motor cortex
144 inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA within the primary motor cortex (M1) and the strength of functional
145 scranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) appear to activate distinct in
146 EMENT Connections between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex (M1) are essential for performing d
147 es in the movement-related activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) are thought to be a major cont
148 of local field potentials recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1) arm area in patients undergoin
151 transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to primary motor cortex (M1) at different coil orientations
152 lternating current stimulation (tACS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) at different frequencies durin
153 h transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to primary motor cortex (M1) at specific intervals to induc
155 lectrical microstimulation indicate that the primary motor cortex (M1) directly regulates muscle cont
156 orsal premotor cortex onto the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during the preparation of a co
157 Classical interpretations of the function of primary motor cortex (M1) emphasize its lack of the gran
161 ial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) has been found to increase the
162 alternating current stimulation (tACS) over primary motor cortex (M1) has opposite effects on motor
163 l direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) has resulted in improved perfo
164 stimulation (TDCS) of the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex (M1) have been found to improve vis
166 imulus intracortical microstimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) in awake animals failed to pro
168 ntracortical microstimulation (HFLD-ICMS) to primary motor cortex (M1) in primates produces hand move
169 er, the neural activity patterns and role of primary motor cortex (M1) in these early movements are s
172 r movements in M1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The primary motor cortex (M1) is important for producing ind
173 synaptic inputs engage pyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex (M1) is important for understanding
175 in macaque ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) is modulated by the observatio
177 Plasticity of synaptic connections in the primary motor cortex (M1) is thought to play an essentia
178 ts with PD, STN spiking is synchronized with primary motor cortex (M1) local field potentials in two
181 we analyzed neuronal activity recorded from primary motor cortex (M1) of monkeys performing a 3D arm
182 etween the posterior parietal cortex and the primary motor cortex (M1) of the left-dominant hemispher
183 l direct current stimulation (TDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) or the lateral cerebellum can
186 ent intensity between 0.5 and 2.0 mA on left primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity, as well as the imp
187 suggested that antidromic activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) plays a significant role in me
189 Here we analyze data from invasive human primary motor cortex (M1) recordings from patients with
190 CANCE STATEMENT Previous work has shown that primary motor cortex (M1) represents information related
191 Evidence is accumulating that neurons in primary motor cortex (M1) respond during action observat
192 esults show that during the belief of agency primary motor cortex (M1) shows stronger functional conn
195 d robustly in the striatum and all layers of primary motor cortex (M1) through a muscarinic-receptor
196 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1) to measure corticospinal excit
197 lanted high density microelectrode arrays in primary motor cortex (M1) to record neuronal population
198 is thought to upregulate excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) using anodal stimulation while
199 elicited from the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex (M1) using this method has not been
200 nnectivity with leads overlying ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) was a robust and specific mark
201 g transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1) we examined motor evoked poten
202 stimulation (TMS) over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) when human participants (50% f
203 stimulation (TMS) over the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1) when humans tracked with the e
204 observed in neuronal population activity in primary motor cortex (M1) when monkeys make reaching mov
205 x, followed by a test stimulus over the left primary motor cortex (M1) with a random interstimulus in
206 (TMS) near ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) with a short 8-ms inter-pulse
208 the motor hotspot (thought to represent the primary motor cortex (M1)) to modulate motor network exc
209 were first measured after stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1), corticospinal tract (CST), an
210 rsal striatum, which receives input from the primary motor cortex (M1), followed a similar age progre
211 CSP) from the hand/arm representation of the primary motor cortex (M1), high-resolution anterograde t
212 y that imagined movements directly influence primary motor cortex (M1), how this might occur remains
213 ere present in the pars opercularis IFG/PMv, primary motor cortex (M1), IPL/supramarginal gyrus and m
215 sis by disrupting neural activity in SMA, in primary motor cortex (M1), or in a control site by means
216 grade tracers into grasp zones identified in primary motor cortex (M1), PMv, and area 2 with long tra
217 reas including anterior parietal areas, from primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PM), the sup
219 tal areas convey the necessary signal to the primary motor cortex (M1), the cortical site where the f
221 Two sites were stimulated [contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), vs ipsilateral cerebellum] wh
222 y in the motor network and, specifically, in primary motor cortex (M1), which results from overall di
223 V), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and primary motor cortex (M1), with similar distributions in
224 d the connectivity pattern of the stimulated primary motor cortex (M1), without changing overall loca
242 imulation over the leg representation of the primary motor cortex, maximal voluntary contractions (MV
243 imulation over the arm representation of the primary motor cortex, maximal voluntary contractions, th
244 model to predict single neuron responses in primary motor cortex (MI) during a reach-to-grasp task b
245 m: the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd, area 6), primary motor cortex (MI, area 4), and posterior parieta
246 rtical loop in PD in which gamma activity in primary motor cortex, modulated by the phase of low-freq
247 ive projection intensity for cases targeting primary motor cortex (MOp), primary somatosensory cortex
248 ulation, guided by functional mapping of the primary motor cortex, naive participants were awakened f
250 eparatory activity of dorsal premotor cortex/primary motor cortex neurons in monkey exhibits similar
251 ly corticospinal axons originating in caudal primary motor cortex ("new M1") and area 3a make monosyn
255 al field potential (LFP) activity within the primary motor cortex of three cats during a prism visuom
256 ng-term recordings of neural activity in the primary motor cortex of two female nonhuman primates dur
257 t decreases in basal glutamate levels in the primary motor cortex on the side ipsilateral to the MPTP
258 ster scaling of the number of neurons in the primary motor cortex over the brainstem and spinal cord
260 ementary motor area (Pcorrected = 0.020) and primary motor cortex (Pcorrected = 0.044), but not feed-
261 inesia is associated with dynamic changes in primary motor cortex physiology, to date, there are no p
262 s on the functional MR imaging signal in the primary motor cortex (PMC), as false-negative blood oxyg
263 e stomach originated overwhelmingly from the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and
265 ng of more than 1,300 neurons in adult mouse primary motor cortex, providing a morpho-electric annota
267 primary motor cortex, especially in lateral primary motor cortex, representing the hand and face.
268 ed with song learning in the avian analog of primary motor cortex (robust nucleus of the arcopallium,
269 in three main sources of feedback to rat S1: primary motor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, an
271 mated from high-frequency rTMS targeting the primary motor cortex (SMD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.46-1.08; P<.0
272 s: SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.48, and low primary motor cortex: SMD, 0.28; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.78)
273 ey nodes in the motor network, including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor
274 3 sessions exploring the excitability of the primary motor cortex, the response of the primary motor
275 etroinsular area, frontal afferents from the primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and
276 aspects of each hemisphere are involved: the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor corte
279 he primary motor cortex, the response of the primary motor cortex to a plasticity-inducing protocol,
280 suggested that indirect connections from the primary motor cortex to forelimb motoneurons, via brains
281 pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex to measure long-interval cortical i
282 utions of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and primary motor cortex to motor learning can begin to be i
283 re was increased intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex under high working memory load.
285 Two different whisker representations in primary motor cortex (vM1) affect whisker movements in d
286 st, broadband gamma (50-200 Hz) power in the primary motor cortex was greater in the DYST-ARM and PD
287 nscranial magnetic stimulation over the left primary motor cortex was used to determine short-latency
288 e BP's late component (BP2, generated in the primary motor cortex) was found to be linked to motor ex
289 al magnetic theta burst stimulation over the primary motor cortex, was still possible, and even favor
291 imulation over the arm representation of the primary motor cortex, we examined ipsilateral motor-evok
292 scranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex, we investigated whether a placebo
293 cortex, and ventral striatum but also in the primary motor cortex well before the response itself.
294 ificantly greater regional blood flow in the primary motor cortex, whereas psychogenic dystonia was a
295 ranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive a
296 anscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the primary motor cortex with an online-navigated TMS-tACS s
297 al tract (CST) neurons in the subdivision of primary motor cortex within the central sulcus ("new M1"
298 we investigate the function of mouse whisker primary motor cortex (wM1), a frontal region defined by
299 rtices, including both the whisker region of primary motor cortex (wMC) and anterior lateral motor co