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1  and its direct simian precursors from other primate lentiviruses.
2 nous retroviruses that predate the origin of primate lentiviruses.
3 ndromes utilized to initiate dimerization in primate lentiviruses.
4 ty factor (Vif) is a protein encoded by most primate lentiviruses.
5 an to the regulatory gene tat encoded by the primate lentiviruses.
6 rodents can modulate sensitivity to specific primate lentiviruses.
7        Tat functions in the transcription of primate lentiviruses.
8 nical courses after infection with different primate lentiviruses.
9 aque dendritic cells to capture and transmit primate lentiviruses.
10 -2/SIV(sm)/SIV(mac) and SIV(agm) lineages of primate lentiviruses.
11 ated protein is Vpr, which is present in all primate lentiviruses.
12 er vectors have also been developed from non-primate lentiviruses.
13 tically diverse family of human and nonhuman primate lentiviruses.
14 t not identical to those of other animal and primate lentiviruses.
15 ruses, including murine leukemia viruses and primate lentiviruses.
16  in Vif enable cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses.
17 blocks to infection against some but not all primate lentiviruses.
18 pr to target PU.1 is highly conserved across primate lentiviruses.
19 t least in part to confer protection against primate lentiviruses.
20 ionary pressure across the broad spectrum of primate lentiviruses.
21 re resistant to infection by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses.
22 or successful cross-species transmissions of primate lentiviruses.
23 e evolution, which is presumably promoted by primate lentiviruses.
24 paralog, Vpr, is conserved across all extant primate lentiviruses.
25 cted cells is a highly conserved function of primate lentiviruses.
26 herin, including the Vpu and Nef proteins of primate lentiviruses.
27 erful form of host resistance against deadly primate lentiviruses.
28 er to simian-human transmission of non-human primate lentiviruses.
29 s an evolutionarily conserved gene among the primate lentiviruses.
30 ions for AIDS treatment and the evolution of primate lentiviruses.
31 genetic recombination is a common feature of primate lentiviruses.
32 ers of the HIV-2/SIV(sm)/SIV(mac) lineage of primate lentiviruses also incorporate a related protein
33  this pathway is universally conserved among primate lentiviruses and can be observed in mammalian ce
34 sts that this signal may be present in other primate lentiviruses and could be important in the patho
35 ion preferences are more similar to those of primate lentiviruses and distinct from those of Moloney
36 anti-SERINC5 activity of Nef proteins across primate lentiviruses and examined whether SERINC5 repres
37 is property is common to Nef proteins across primate lentiviruses and how antiviral immune responses
38                 The Nef protein is unique to primate lentiviruses and is closely linked to accelerate
39           CD4 tropism is conserved among all primate lentiviruses and likely contributes to viral pat
40       CD4 tropism is an invariant feature of primate lentiviruses and likely plays a key role in path
41              Host antiviral proteins inhibit primate lentiviruses and other retroviruses by targeting
42 ompared to that of MHC-A is conserved across primate lentiviruses and suggest that this property infl
43 ents N, K, or H) motif that is found in most primate lentiviruses and that shows species-specific var
44 to the virion core is a conserved feature of primate lentiviruses and that the interactions required
45  review, we focus on the interaction between primate lentiviruses and the gastrointestinal tract and
46 ted understanding of the interaction between primate lentiviruses and the host immune system complica
47 tation that allows a peaceful coexistence of primate lentiviruses and the host immune system.
48 p and discuss its impact on the evolution of primate lentiviruses and the origins of the HIV pandemic
49 eficiency virus (pSIVgml) basal to all known primate lentiviruses and, consistent with this, its geno
50          Accessory protein Vpr, found in all primate lentiviruses, and its HIV-2/simian immunodeficie
51                                      Several primate lentiviruses are CNP-sensitive, and CNP sensitiv
52 unodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other primate lentiviruses are distinguished from the gammaret
53 fic mechanisms to avoid disease progression, primate lentiviruses are intrinsically pathogenic and ha
54                      Here, we establish that primate lentiviruses are particularly sensitive to NUP15
55                                              Primate lentiviruses are thought to use the chemokine re
56                                              Primate lentiviruses are typically apathogenic in their
57                                              Primate lentiviruses are unique in that they produce sev
58                  Vpr, an accessory factor of primate lentiviruses, arrests cells at the DNA damage ch
59 nses, provided insight into the evolution of primate lentiviruses as they adapt to new species and un
60 permutation is one of the characteristics of primate lentiviruses, as well as other retroviruses, dur
61                           Currently, several primate lentivirus-based gene transfer systems, such as
62 transport and cell cycle arrest functions in primate lentivirus biology.
63 distinct from other previously characterized primate lentiviruses but clusters in the same major line
64 ether monkeys can be repeatedly exposed to a primate lentivirus by a mucosal route and escape infecti
65 lular pathway that restricts HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses by affecting dNTP synthesis, thereb
66 e nef gene contributes to the replication of primate lentiviruses by altering the trafficking of cell
67 utralizing antibodies can confer immunity to primate lentiviruses by blocking infection in macaque mo
68  these findings support a model in which all primate lentivirus capsids assemble by a conserved pathw
69 we were able to show that a set of divergent primate lentivirus capsids was generally not susceptible
70 bited distinct restriction specificities for primate lentivirus capsids.
71               In addition to PTAP L domains, primate lentiviruses carry Alix-binding motifs that incl
72                                              Primate lentiviruses code for a protein that stimulates
73                                              Primate lentiviruses devote a relatively large portion o
74  which potently restricts the replication of primate lentiviruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus
75                                   IMPORTANCE Primate lentiviruses encode a series of accessory genes
76                                              Primate lentiviruses encode a Vif protein that counterac
77                 To counter this threat, some primate lentiviruses encode accessory proteins that bind
78                                          All primate lentiviruses encode Nef, an accessory protein th
79 tiviral cellular immune responses.IMPORTANCE Primate lentiviruses encode the Nef protein that plays a
80                              HIV and related primate lentiviruses encode Vif, which counteracts A3G b
81                              The nef gene of primate lentiviruses encodes a myristoylated protein tha
82 tion process, millions of years of divergent primate lentivirus evolution may be constrained to discr
83                           This suggests that primate lentiviruses evolve tetherin antagonists such as
84                                              Primate lentiviruses exhibit narrow host tropism, reduci
85 rther evidence for the ancient nature of the primate lentivirus family.
86 ue to the greater phylogenetic distance from primate lentiviruses, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV
87 rs described here provide a method to detect primate lentiviruses from diverse species of nonhuman pr
88 ulation of TCR-CD3, which distinguishes most primate lentiviruses from HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and its vpu
89    Taken together, our results indicate that primate lentiviruses from two different subgroups functi
90 pite remarkable evolutionary diversity among primate lentiviruses, functional constraints on receptor
91  and the second conserved region (C2) of the primate lentivirus gp120 which indicates a structural si
92  that the A3G-Vif interaction has evolved as primate lentiviruses have adapted to their hosts.
93                                              Primate lentiviruses have evolved specific antagonists (
94 inst invading pathogens, and Vif proteins of primate lentiviruses have evolved to overcome these host
95                                              Primate lentivirus HIV-1 and SIV Vif proteins form a ubi
96 ner, in vivo infection of macrophages by the primate lentiviruses HIV-1 and SIV.
97 s an evolutionarily conserved gene among the primate lentiviruses HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodefi
98 ANCE The conserved Vif accessory proteins of primate lentiviruses HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency viru
99 bits the maturation and infectivity of other primate lentiviruses HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency v
100               The cells that are targeted by primate lentiviruses (HIV and simian immunodeficiency vi
101                                          All primate lentiviruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV) encode Nef prot
102                                              Primate lentiviruses (HIV/SIV) require the T cell recept
103 measure the recombination rates of two other primate lentiviruses, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency
104 d function of members of two other groups of primate lentiviruses, HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency viru
105                       The Nef protein of the primate lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
106                  Here we show that prototype primate lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1
107                                          The primate lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency virus types
108                 Currently, HIV-1 is the only primate lentivirus in which recombination rates have bee
109 e can effectively curtail the replication of primate lentiviruses in hosts to which they are not adap
110  inhibits the replication of HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses in human monocyte-derived macrophag
111 deficiency virus SIVsmmPBj14 is unique among primate lentiviruses in its ability to induce lymphocyte
112 y, it is possible that HIV-1 is unique among primate lentiviruses in possessing high recombination ra
113 DCs could play a role in the transmission of primate lentiviruses in the ileum and the rectum whereas
114 tant in relation to prospects for control of primate lentiviruses in the settings of both prophylacti
115  play a role in the vertical transmission of primate lentiviruses, in the enabling of HIV to traverse
116      We examined 263 Nef clones from diverse primate lentiviruses including different pandemic HIV-1
117                                              Primate lentiviruses including human immunodeficiency vi
118 a panel of Nef alleles isolated from diverse primate lentiviruses including pandemic HIV-1 group M su
119 the in trans infectivity of a broad range of primate lentiviruses including primary viruses produced
120 only in all HIV-1 subtypes but also in other primate lentiviruses, including HIV-2 and simian immunod
121                 A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency v
122        The accessory gene vpr, common to all primate lentiviruses, induces potent G2/M arrest in cycl
123                                   In nature, primate lentiviruses infect humans and several Old World
124  report of control of a productive feline or primate lentivirus infection in postnatally exposed, ser
125 associated with disease protection following primate lentivirus infection.
126 e to virus to prevent the establishment of a primate lentivirus infection.
127 feature of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic primate lentivirus infections and support a model for AI
128 pecific antibodies confer resistance against primate lentivirus infections, we purified immunoglobuli
129 y involved in controlling the acute phase of primate lentivirus infections.
130 esults reveal a novel level of regulation of primate lentivirus infectivity.
131               The envelope (Env) proteins of primate lentiviruses interact sequentially with CD4 and
132                                       Nef of primate lentiviruses is critical for high levels of vire
133 Ms) has efficient antiviral activity against primate lentiviruses, is sensitive to inactivation by th
134                                          All primate lentiviruses known to date contain one or two op
135  SIVcpz/HIV-1 lineage, or represents a novel primate lentivirus lineage.
136                   However, only two of eight primate lentivirus lineages encode Vpx, whereas its para
137                                   Most other primate lentivirus lineages, including the lineage repre
138    Our results provide new insights into how primate lentiviruses manipulate their target cells and s
139 contemporary retroviruses and indicates that primate lentiviruses may be considerably older and more
140                                     Like the primate lentivirus Nef and the gammaretrovirus glycoGag,
141                                  Among other primate lentiviruses, only the molecular mechanisms of H
142 ions lend support to the hypothesis that the primate lentiviruses originated and coevolved within mon
143 hile h-A3F, like h-A3G, was able to suppress primate lentiviruses other than HIV-1 (simian immunodefi
144 reveal that FIV RNA can be cross-packaged by primate lentivirus particles such as HIV-1 and SIV and v
145 bility of FIV RNA to get cross-packaged into primate lentivirus particles such as HIV-1 and SIV, as w
146 ccessory protein Nef plays a crucial role in primate lentivirus pathogenesis.
147                         The speed with which primate lentiviruses penetrate mucosal surfaces, infect
148              Human immunodeficiency virus, a primate lentivirus (PLV), causes AIDS in humans, whereas
149                              HIV and related primate lentiviruses possess single-stranded RNA genomes
150 ich are mainly macrophage tropic (M-tropic), primate lentiviruses primarily target CD4+ T lymphocytes
151 m mangabey monkeys, and clustered with other primate lentiviruses (primarily SIVcpz [from chimpanzees
152                              Nef proteins of primate lentiviruses promote viral replication, virion i
153  a potent transactivator of other animal and primate lentivirus promoters.
154 s-specific, IFN-alpha-induced restriction of primate lentivirus replication occurs early in the retro
155  of macrophage lineage cells is a feature of primate lentivirus replication, and several properties o
156 potential is most likely a common feature of primate lentivirus replication.
157 virus replication, and several properties of primate lentiviruses seem to have evolved to promote the
158  has been suggested that the introduction of primate lentivirus sequences, particularly those of huma
159 meras is more straightforward in FIV than in primate lentiviruses, since FIV accessory gene open read
160  SIV(AGM), but it appears to be specific for primate lentiviruses, since Hsp70 was not detected in as
161 nce and suggests that macrophages may afford primate lentiviruses some degree of protection from immu
162  multiple APOBEC3 proteins can contribute to primate lentivirus species tropism.
163 athogenic, independent isolate from the same primate lentivirus subgrouping as SIVmac but with natura
164                   Although Vif proteins from primate lentiviruses such as HIV-1 utilize the transcrip
165                                              Primate lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency type
166          Vif proteins from distantly related primate lentiviruses such as SIVagm were unable to suppr
167                   Vpr is conserved among all primate lentiviruses, suggesting an important role in th
168 g antibody response following infection with primate lentiviruses that cause AIDS.
169 vity but is inactive against closely related primate lentiviruses that do not interact with CyPA.
170 ncy viruses (SIVs) comprise a large group of primate lentiviruses that endemically infect African mon
171 Nef is a multifunctional virulence factor of primate lentiviruses that facilitates viral replication
172 Nef is a virulence factor of HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses that is crucial for rapid progressi
173               Nef is an accessory protein of primate lentiviruses that is essential for efficient rep
174                       Highly conserved among primate lentiviruses, the human immunodeficiency virus t
175  macrophage tropism predict the ability of a primate lentivirus to initiate a systemic infection afte
176           Given the sensitivity of different primate lentiviruses to CPSF6-358 and apparent conservat
177                               The ability of primate lentiviruses to effectively use human and rhesus
178 proteins may help govern the transmission of primate lentiviruses to new host species.
179 INC5 antagonism may determine the ability of primate lentiviruses to spread within natural hosts.
180 etermine if dendritic cells (DC) are used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the epithelial barrier
181  virus (HIV) transmission, the route used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the stratified squamous
182                                              Primate lentiviruses use chemokine coreceptors in additi
183                                   Attenuated primate lentivirus vaccines provide the most consistent
184 monstrate that the pathogenicity of nonhuman primate lentiviruses varies markedly based on the specie
185                                              Primate lentivirus Vif proteins function by suppressing
186  coordination site, which is conserved among primate lentivirus Vif proteins, does not correspond to
187 ccessory proteins encoded by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses, Vif has arguably the strongest pot
188 pr), a highly conserved accessory protein in primate lentiviruses, was previously reported to bind SL
189 characterize the interaction of DC-SIGN with primate lentiviruses, we investigated the structural det
190 shment of persistent productive infection by primate lentiviruses, we varied the time of initiation a
191 etic study, several residues conserved among primate lentiviruses were found to play important roles
192 equences represented consensus sequences for primate lentiviruses, whereas the inoculum sequences at
193 , these compounds are inactive against other primate lentiviruses which do not incorporate cyclophili
194 how that Nef proteins from diverse groups of primate lentiviruses which do not require the chemokine
195 unodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other primate lentiviruses which enhances virion infectivity b
196  in the evolution of FIV relative to that of primate lentiviruses, which may signal intrinsic differe
197 s of macrophage tropism do not predict which primate lentiviruses will produce systemic infection aft
198 lar ssDNA aptamers inhibited RT from diverse primate lentiviruses with low nM IC(50) values.
199 has important implications for understanding primate lentivirus zoonosis and should allow the develop

 
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