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1 to block known initial cleavage sites within proenkephalin.
2 esults in production of (Met)enkephalin from proenkephalin.
3 ar to amphibian proenkephalin than mammalian proenkephalin.
4 lin and Leu-enkephalin as seen for mammalian proenkephalin.
5 luorogenic peptides, and for recombinant rat proenkephalin.
6                                          For proenkephalin, 75 and 96% yields were obtained for the o
7  peak expression levels with substance P and proenkephalin A (218-228).
8 ed with expression levels of substance P and proenkephalin A (amino acids 218-228), respectively, wit
9                                              Proenkephalin A (PENK) and its receptors are widely dist
10                  The precursor neuropeptides proenkephalin A (PENK-A) and protachykinin (PTA) are mar
11                                       Plasma proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) has been proposed as a
12 e-amino acid opioid peptide derived from the proenkephalin A family.
13 M8-22), a proteolytically cleaved product of proenkephalin A, is a potent activator of Mas-related G-
14                               High levels of proenkephalin-A (pro-ENK) have been associated with decr
15                                              Proenkephalin-A and mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression i
16 ereas in pregnant rats finasteride decreased proenkephalin-A mRNA expression in the NTS.
17 es have been implicated in the processing of proenkephalin and other neuropeptide precursors.
18 be involved in the proteolytic processing of proenkephalin and perhaps other precursors into active n
19 ed peptides, including some originating from proenkephalin and phosphatidylethanolamine binding prote
20 ake resulted in mRNA levels of proDynorphin, proEnkephalin and POMC, and Dynorphin A1-17 levels that
21 /Sucrose reduced mRNA levels of proDynorpin, proEnkephalin and POMC, and Dynorphin A1-17 levels, rela
22  diet decreases mRNA levels of proDynorphin, proEnkephalin and POMC, as well as levels of Dynorphin A
23                        Peptides derived from proenkephalin and prodynorphin are broadly distributed i
24                    Proteolytic processing of proenkephalin and proneuropeptides is required for the p
25 hy demonstrated that PC2 can directly cleave proenkephalin and that the generation of small opioid pe
26  midregional fragment of proadrenomedullin), proenkephalin, and dipeptidyl peptidase 3 were assessed.
27 ta, opioid receptor and proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin transcript levels in cor
28 e different precursors: Proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin.
29 MP-dependent protein kinase, iNOS, beta-NGF, proenkephalin B and orphanin, corticotrophin-releasing f
30                                         This proenkephalin-beta-galactosidase transgene has been demo
31             Not only does human skin express proenkephalin, but this expression is upregulated by str
32                       In vitro processing of proenkephalin by cathepsin V occurs at dibasic residue s
33        However, the cloning of a full-length proenkephalin cDNA from the CNS of the Australian lungfi
34 ence was detected in the Australian lungfish proenkephalin cDNA.
35 es simplex virus vector that expresses human proenkephalin could be used to attenuate nociception in
36                        Also, ECE-2 processes proenkephalin-derived bovine adrenal medulla peptides, a
37  tested the mutated enzymes against a set of proenkephalin-derived substrates, as well as substrates
38 fibers were similar in animals infected with proenkephalin-encoding and beta-galactosidase-encoding v
39 d or eliminated in animals infected with the proenkephalin-encoding virus for at least 7 weeks postin
40 tion patterns to the function of a subset of proenkephalin-expressing (Penk+) taste neurons.
41 ynorphin-expressing (Pdyn-expressing) and of proenkephalin-expressing (Penk-expressing) medium spiny
42                   Furthermore, activation of proenkephalin-expressing ventrolateral periaqueductal gr
43     Chronic fluoxetine treatment upregulates proenkephalin expression in the dentate gyrus, and this
44 d receptors, little is known about cutaneous proenkephalin expression, its environmental regulation,
45          A screen for neuroactivity of novel proenkephalin fragments that were found was performed by
46 ntional T cells (Tconv), we observe that the proenkephalin gene (Penk), encoding the precursor of ana
47                                          The proenkephalin gene and protein were expressed in skin an
48 eceptor (TLR)4, and TLR2 agonists stimulated proenkephalin gene expression in melanocytes and keratin
49     Proper transcriptional regulation of the proenkephalin gene requires a switch between distinct fa
50                         We disrupted the pre-proenkephalin gene using homologous recombination in emb
51                            The rat and mouse proenkephalin genes are selectively expressed from an al
52               In this study, the minimal rat proenkephalin germ line promoter was localized to a 116-
53 diated processing of proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin; however, similarly to 7B2, proSAAS expres
54  may be mediated through the upregulation of proenkephalin in a subpopulation of mature granule cells
55  study was to assess regulated expression of proenkephalin in normal and pathological skin and in iso
56 yed to analyze the fate of mutant and native proenkephalins in stably transfected AtT-20 cells.
57 o a change in mRNA of its precursor protein, proenkephalin, in susceptible mice but is consistent wit
58               Studies of in vivo cleavage of proenkephalin, in vivo production of alpha-MSH from proo
59  peptide 22), a peptide agonist derived from proenkephalin, inhibited high (but not low) voltage-acti
60                                        PENK (proenkephalin) is a stable surrogate for enkephalins, en
61 t significantly upregulated genes, including proenkephalin, is localized to an anatomically and trans
62 , we studied palatable liquid consumption in proenkephalin knockout (PENK KO) and beta-endorphin-defi
63 s a duplication of either a prodynorphin- or proenkephalin-like gene.
64 atial expression patterns of substance P and proenkephalin, marker neuropeptides of two distinct stri
65 halins were more fully processed than native proenkephalin may provide a route for more efficient pro
66 ted that the early slow processing of mutant proenkephalins may be due to delays in intracellular tra
67 e was a 5-fold increase in the expression of proenkephalin mRNA (502.8 +/- 142% vs. 100 +/- 17.5%, P
68              The long-term expression of the proenkephalin mRNA and its peptides in the kainate-treat
69 he decline in GAD67 mRNA (25%, P < 0.01) and proenkephalin mRNA levels (35%, P < 0.01).
70 here were no differences in proDynorphin and proEnkephalin mRNA levels in the ARC (0.05).
71  nervous systems, the neuropeptide precursor proenkephalin must be endoproteolytically cleaved by enz
72  a Leu-enkephalin-coding gene, distinct from proenkephalin, must be expressed in lungfish.
73 hat yielded this opioid sequence in tetrapod proenkephalin occurred at some point in the radiation of
74 h native proenkephalin, processing of mutant proenkephalins occurred more slowly at early stages and
75 ), but did not affect arcuate mRNA levels of proEnkephalin or proOpiomelanocortin (POMC), or PVN leve
76 Met)enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter from proenkephalin (PE) in the regulated secretory pathway of
77                                              Proenkephalin (PE) is a prohormone containing dibasic si
78                                              Proenkephalin (PE) represents the precursor protein of t
79 ns overlap with both prodynorphin (Pdyn) and proenkephalin (Penk) expressing PBN populations.
80               However, a causal link between proenkephalin (Penk) expression and vulnerability to her
81                     In adult hamsters, basal proenkephalin (Penk) gene expression in adrenals is inde
82 e hydroxylase (TH), prodynorphin (PDYN), and proenkephalin (PENK) genes contain cAMP response element
83                                  Circulating proenkephalin (PENK) is a stable endogenous polypeptide
84 search was to assess the prognostic value of proenkephalin (PENK) levels in acute myocardial infarcti
85 port that in the PBN Prodynorphin (Pdyn) and Proenkephalin (Penk) mRNA expressing neurons are partial
86 al damage (FDR = 3.2 x 10(-12)), and reduced proenkephalin (PENK), a surrogate marker for the state o
87 These genes included prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK), among others.
88                          Here, we found that proenkephalin (Penk)-expressing lateral hypothalamic (LH
89 mined the response of CRH or c-fos mRNAs and proenkephalin (PPE) mRNA and heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA, p
90 iosynthesis and the neuropeptide transmitter proenkephalin (ppEnk) in butyrate-differentiated PC12 ce
91  opioid peptides that are derived from a pre-proenkephalin precursor protein.
92 rable to mammals suggested that the lungfish proenkephalin precursor should contain the sequences of
93                                Expression of proenkephalin precursors and neuropeptide products in th
94 ganglia (lacZ-containing virus) and of human proenkephalin (preproenkephalin-encoding virus) in the c
95 , surprisingly, overall processing of mutant proenkephalins proceeded efficiently, and alternative si
96 otease" (PTP) has been identified as a major proenkephalin processing enzyme in secretory vesicles of
97 cursor protein (APP), potently inhibited the proenkephalin processing enzyme known as prohormone thio
98                  Variations in the extent of proenkephalin processing in vivo suggest involvement of
99 anule prohormone thiol protease (involved in proenkephalin processing).
100 cysteine protease "PTP" that participates in proenkephalin processing.
101                    When compared with native proenkephalin, processing of mutant proenkephalins occur
102 f which are generated from three precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and proopiomelanocortin, by
103 YN), but not pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) nor proEnkephalin (proENK) were significantly decreased 2 h
104 peptides are from six prohormones, including proenkephalin, promelanin-concentrating hormone, secreto
105 ized model ssDNA regulatory element from the proenkephalin promoter.
106  known secretory pathway proteins, including proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, protachykinins A and
107 s including those derived from prodynorphin, proenkephalin, proSAAS, and amyloid precursor protein.
108 t exercise included a number of fragments of proenkephalin, prothyrotropin-releasing hormone, secreto
109                                  Analysis of proenkephalin reaction products using immunoblotting and
110  transcription factor known to interact with proenkephalin regulatory sequences within the transgene,
111  reporter was driven in PVN neurons by human proenkephalin regulatory sequences.
112 the specificity of recombinant mouse PC2 for proenkephalin-related internally quenched (IQ) peptides,
113 herpes simplex virus-based vector expressing proenkephalin reversed nocisponsive behavioral responses
114 sors, mouse proopiomelanocortin (mPOMC), rat proenkephalin (rPE), and human proghrelin, were used as
115  this precursor is more similar to amphibian proenkephalin than mammalian proenkephalin.
116 otease of chromaffin granules for converting proenkephalin to the active enkephalin peptide neurotran
117    It is demonstrated that expression of the proenkephalin transgene product was up-regulated signifi
118 herpes simplex virus vector expressing human proenkephalin (vector SHPE) or a lacZ-expressing control
119                            The processing of proenkephalin was impaired in PC1 KO mouse brains with a
120                                              Proenkephalin was measured in plasma in a prospective mu
121                         The fact that mutant proenkephalins were more fully processed than native pro
122 nkephalin sequence in lungfish and amphibian proenkephalin would suggest that the mutations that yiel

 
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