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1 tion in males and females (tested outside of proestrus).
2 to an analgesically responsive state (during proestrus).
3 tement was only observed during diestrus and proestrus.
4 ered intravenously at 11.00 h and 13.00 h on proestrus.
5  least efficient performance occurred during proestrus.
6 r to the critical period on the afternoon of proestrus.
7 d the cellular activation of LHRH neurons on proestrus.
8 as done in rats between 10.30 and 13.50 h on proestrus.
9 vel DOR-dependent form of MF LTP specific to proestrus.
10 arious times during the days of metestrus or proestrus.
11 ced in the DBB(ovlt) during the afternoon of proestrus.
12 rast, these effects were not observed during proestrus.
13 e rats and female rats in either diestrus or proestrus.
14 minimal during diestrus and prominent during proestrus.
15 phine antinociception are most robust during proestrus.
16 n, standard mating, and paced mating when in proestrus.
17 the DG hilus compared to rats in diestrus or proestrus.
18 al (VPL) and medial geniculate nuclei during proestrus.
19 eration of the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge on proestrus.
20 differentially regulated during diestrus and proestrus.
21 ot required for the onset of the LH surge on proestrus.
22 to levels as large as previously observed in proestrus.
23 cific estrous cycle day, particularly during proestrus.
24 g diestrus 2 and perfused 24 hr later during proestrus.
25 from early diestrus to a relative maximum in proestrus.
26 c administration of 2.5 microgram at noon of proestrus.
27 her in females than males, especially during proestrus, a stage of estrus when estrogen levels are el
28   Earlier studies, however, did not identify proestrus-activated signaling strategies that enable spi
29                                   Outside of proestrus, activation of both CRF receptors and neurons
30 trogen and progesterone) females compared to proestrus and diestrus females and males.
31 r sensitivity to excitatory synaptic inputs (proestrus and diestrus) than males.
32  was a significant decrease in the length of proestrus and diestrus-metestrus phases of the estrous c
33 quently evoked multiple population spikes at proestrus and estrus but only rarely at other cycle stag
34  significantly greater than that observed in proestrus and estrus females.
35 cycle, with larger maximum responses at both proestrus and estrus relative to metestrus.
36                   Ischemia-induced losses in proestrus and estrus were similar to those in normal con
37      These same low levels were found during proestrus and estrus.
38 these data with those from normal females in proestrus and estrus.
39 ), and progesterone during the afternoons of proestrus and estrus.
40 ion increased approximately threefold during proestrus and estrus.
41 o pituitary levels from adult female mice at proestrus and GnRHR mRNA in decidua was enriched compare
42 0 min oscillations began in the afternoon of proestrus and lasted for 12 hr.
43 we injected alcohol at 8 A.M. and 12 P.M. on proestrus and measured plasma levels of LH, estradiol (E
44 al acquisition and 30-min retention than did proestrus and metestrus females, higher neocortical ChAT
45                                         When proestrus and ovariectomized animals were subjected to s
46 precursor glucagon (Gcg), during diestrus-to-proestrus and proestrus-to-estrus and greater Glp1r expr
47 me more of the different food in diestrus-to-proestrus and proestrus-to-estrus.
48 suppression of PS by ovarian hormones during proestrus and, to a less extent, estrus nights.
49         Females from the stages of diestrus, proestrus, and estrus were used.
50  females (in diestrus, early proestrus, late proestrus, and estrus).
51  spatial learning observed on the morning of proestrus are due to increased dendritic expression of a
52 DNF immunoreactivity increased on the day of proestrus as well as on the following morning (estrus),
53 component suppressing LH secretion occurs on proestrus at the onset of the LH surge.
54 ycle corresponding to low (estrus) and high (proestrus) circulating estrogen.
55 re significantly reduced in the afternoon of proestrus compared with the afternoon of metestrus.
56 ignificantly reduced during the afternoon of proestrus compared with the morning of either proestrus
57  significantly increased in the afternoon of proestrus compared with the morning.
58 he VMH and arcuate nucleus of animals during proestrus compared with those at diestrus-1.
59 a; during diestrus) versus glutamate (during proestrus), concomitant with the ebb and flow of spinal
60 d females in proestrus performed better than proestrus controls.
61 r to the critical period on the afternoon of proestrus could prematurely evoke an ovulatory luteinizi
62 us (D1:0900 h) and declined precipitously by proestrus (D4:0900 h) and remained low up to D4:1600 h.
63          By 13 weeks of self-administration, proestrus epochs were no longer observed, and cocaine de
64 nesthetized with halothane in oxygen, in the proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus phases of the
65 ts used for this study all had 4-day cycles (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus), as determined d
66 evealed greater place field stability during proestrus, evident at both the single-cell and populatio
67 luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on the day of proestrus, exhibit increased fetal reabsorption during p
68                   After anesthesia, male and proestrus female mice underwent cecal ligation puncture
69 ated male rats after T/HS is not observed in proestrus female rats and castrated male rats.
70 nts on anxiety in male, diestrus female, and proestrus female rats were examined with an elevated plu
71 astrated male rats and in ovariectomized and proestrus female rats.
72 s are markedly depressed in males but not in proestrus females after trauma-hemorrhage.
73 s are markedly depressed in males but not in proestrus females after trauma-hemorrhage.
74 th of the soy supplements were anxiolytic in proestrus females but anxiogenic in males as determined
75 g KOR immunoreactivity were less abundant in proestrus females compared with estrus females and showe
76 hat elevated circulating 17beta-estradiol in proestrus females plays a direct role in the maintenance
77 were more abundant in high-estradiol states (proestrus females) than low-estradiol states (estrus and
78 males, higher neocortical ChAT activity than proestrus females, and higher neocortical GAD activity t
79 e lowest level of expression was observed in proestrus females.
80 nds applied to the RVM may be less potent in proestrus females.
81 ncrease was greater in males than estrus and proestrus females.
82 report here that females on the afternoon of proestrus had a significantly greater percent of Fos-pos
83                           Rats in estrus and proestrus had higher levels of LENK-ir in CA3a-c compare
84 ndings and in addition, show that females in proestrus have a greater density of spines in area CA1 o
85 ha-OH-THP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the morning of proestrus improved spatial learning scores 150-300%.
86 st, however, when assessed on the morning of proestrus in alpha4-/- mice, implicating these receptors
87 g hormone (LH) surge during the afternoon of proestrus in female rats.
88 ession remained elevated on the afternoon of proestrus, increases in 3alpha-OH-THP (3alpha-OH-5alpha-
89  peptide inhibitory tone on the afternoon of proestrus is one event underlying generation of the ovul
90 ales and cycling females (in diestrus, early proestrus, late proestrus, and estrus).
91                     The relative increase in proestrus length was highest in mutant mice that subsequ
92                        Although neither peak proestrus levels of the primary estrogen 17beta-estradio
93                                              Proestrus (luteolysis onset to estrus onset) was prolong
94 sal glutamatergic transmission compared with proestrus mice (high estradiol).
95  and plasma concentrations were unchanged in proestrus mice under such conditions.
96 leukin-6 by splenic and peritoneal Mphi from proestrus mice was maintained after trauma-hemorrhage, w
97 thermore, the survival rate of septic female proestrus mice was significantly higher than in comparab
98 e had a significantly higher death rate than proestrus mice.
99         Conversely, PR-ir was highest during proestrus, mostly in axons.
100 tudies indicate that PS is suppressed during proestrus night, it is important to know whether the est
101 cycle, but have significantly less PS during proestrus nights than during metestrus and diestrus nigh
102 motor responses measured during the phase of proestrus occurred at a significantly lower threshold th
103           In both cases, animals infected in proestrus or estrus had fewer infected neurons than anim
104 hese data suggest that the CNS of animals in proestrus or estrus is less susceptible to PRV infection
105        Female hooded rats were tested during proestrus or estrus on the hidden-platform water maze in
106  levels on diestrus 1 and diestrus 2 than on proestrus or estrus.
107 nificantly lower KOR densities than those in proestrus or estrus.
108 O induction when the rats were in either the proestrus or metestrus stages of their estrous cycle.
109 roestrus compared with the morning of either proestrus or metestrus.
110     Sections from the dentate gyrus of adult proestrus or postnatal day 7 and 14 female rats were dua
111  studied in each of the four estrous stages: proestrus (P), estrus (E), metestrus (M), and diestrus (
112           After 28 days, stressed females in proestrus performed better than proestrus controls.
113 e on the nonhippocampal cue task, females in proestrus performed significantly better than those in e
114 lative increase in the average length of the proestrus phase of the estrus cycle, which corresponds t
115 d ketamine during either the diestrus or the proestrus phase of their estrous cycle.
116        High serum progesterone (P4; e.g., in proestrus) predicted decreased cocaine motivation (high
117 se that had been in the high-estrogen phase (proestrus; PRO).
118  radiatum of CA1 was significantly higher in proestrus rats (or in estrogen-supplemented ovariectomiz
119 sts were found to be significantly larger in proestrus rats (stage when hormones are elevated).
120 kt-I with immunogold particles revealed that proestrus rats compared with diestrus, estrus, and male
121            The performance of the estrus and proestrus rats was indistinguishable on all behavioral m
122 distribution in the hippocampal formation of proestrus rats.
123 g 21 days of restraint stress all animals in proestrus, regardless of treatment, showed impaired acqu
124  estrogen-enhanced cell proliferation during proestrus results in more immature neurons in the hippoc
125 tro had no effect on splenocyte functions in proestrus sham-ovariectomized females; however, addition
126 une functional capacities were maintained in proestrus sham-ovariectomized mice after trauma-hemorrha
127     Two weeks thereafter, ovariectomized and proestrus sham-ovariectomized mice were subjected to lap
128         Two weeks afterward, ovariectomy and proestrus sham-ovariectomy mice were subjected to laparo
129  0.05), and somatic spines in early and late proestrus showed variable shapes with stubby/wide, thin,
130 udies have shown that female rats during the proestrus stage have significantly improved cell and org
131 cr4-deficient epithelium in the diestrus and proestrus stages.
132 in signaling cascade, thereby inhibiting the proestrus surge in luteinizing hormone.
133 ot and leg, was significantly greater during proestrus than during other stages.
134 ine density was higher in female rats during proestrus than in diestrus.
135 e perikaryal membrane was higher in the late proestrus than in estrus (P < 0.05), and somatic spines
136                          During the phase of proestrus the balloon pressure at which a response was t
137 rus, but the decline was also significant in proestrus, thus preceding that detected by using the pan
138  the high levels of circulating estradiol on proestrus to activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn
139 agon (Gcg), during diestrus-to-proestrus and proestrus-to-estrus and greater Glp1r expression in proe
140  different food in diestrus-to-proestrus and proestrus-to-estrus.
141 us-to-estrus and greater Glp1r expression in proestrus-to-estrus.
142 itory) than they had been in cycling rats in proestrus (uterus, cervix) or diestrus (colon); OVX+E2 d
143 ect of NO on dye coupling in SONs from male, proestrus virgin female, and lactating rats.
144 beta-estradiol (E2) is naturally high (e.g., proestrus vs estrus), (2) pLTF would be absent in ovarie
145             Hyperexcitability in area CA3 at proestrus was blocked by exposure to the high-affinity n
146 ritic shafts in the right MePD of females in proestrus was higher than in the left MePD, and higher t
147  motivation for cocaine when females were in proestrus was lower compared to the same animals across
148 ose reached during the progesterone surge in proestrus were associated with increased baclofen bindin
149 ulting in partly opposite sex differences in proestrus when compared to diestrus females, and we disc
150  dynamics, with spine density peaking during proestrus when estradiol levels are highest.
151 so noted; females produced more cells during proestrus (when estrogen levels are highest) compared wi
152         It has been reported that females in proestrus, when estrogen levels are elevated, have a gre
153 ated by the estrous cycle, appearing only in proestrus, when estrogen levels are high, and estrus.
154                                           At proestrus, when FSH levels were decreased in Mutants, ov
155 RNA in the AVPV peaked during the evening of proestrus, whereas Kiss1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (Ar
156 LAT had relatively greater inhibition during proestrus which paralleled more rapid cued fear extincti
157 on, but increases in estradiol on the day of proestrus yield diverse outcomes: In vivo induction of l

 
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