ライフサイエンスコーパス: proxy

1 the pandemic using physical distancing as a proxy.

2 cted from control individuals were used as a proxy.

3 tor habitat availability using rainfall as a proxy.

4 nly used aboveground plant distribution as a proxy.

5 of leaf growth and maintenance) as a fitness proxy.

6 counts in the absence of survival or fitness proxies.

7 tool to detect non-stationarity in tree-ring proxies.

8 hlighting their usability as high-throughput proxies.

9 archives of local and regional environmental proxies.

10 climate variability derived from independent proxies.

11 p to 8.5 times greater accuracy than earlier proxies.

12 One parent for each child completed the Proxy 5-11 PedEyeQ, Parent PedEyeQ.

13 ons, and leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each seaso

14 The post-mineralogy analysis of mineral dust proxies added to ASW showed a diatom-induced increased f

15 In this study, the aging of BB tar proxy aerosols processed by NO(3)(*) under dark conditio

16 ture of the relationship between tree-growth proxies and environment.

17 ding sectors are driven by different spatial proxies and suggest a task for future investigation.

18 atmospheric processing of four mineral dust proxies and two natural dust samples followed by subsequ

19 the variation in leaf traits and performance proxies and was greater among sampling dates than betwee

20 Climate proxies and written documents indicate that this struggl

21 ficant correlations between this High-Arctic proxy and other highly resolved Atlantic SST proxies dem

22 with lower PedEyeQ scores across all child, proxy and parent domains (P < .01 for each) with the exc

23 traits was weakly correlated to performance proxies, and both were unrelated to the climate of genot

24 Archaeological proxies are important to the coastal Peruvian case becau

25 ties (p > 0.05), the processes underlying ES proxies are significantly reduced in metal-impacted soil

26 case because more commonly used paleoclimate proxies are unavailable or equivocal.

27 task-evoked pupil responses, an LC activity proxy, are lower in individuals with ASD than in control

28 he reconstruction is validated with withheld proxies as well as independent ice core and speleothem d

29 undance of double-strand breaks, detected by proxy as RAD51 foci at leptotene, but only ~2.3% of thes

30 ers(1,2), but the uneven distribution of the proxies, as well as their uncertainties, has challenged

31 Family proxy assessments are essential for determining baseline

32 This proxy assumes direct [Formula: see text] incorporation i

33 This discovery augments the proxies available at an already critical fossil locality

34 t using family history (GWAS) and a previous proxy-based method incorporating family history (GWAX).

35 We present a new 2,000-year multi-annual, proxy-based reconstruction of local NAO impact, with ass

36 at the maternal intrauterine environment, as proxied by maternal SNPs that influence offspring birthw

37 d, some nonarchaeological and archaeological proxies call parts of this reconstruction into question.

38 ease cases, 81 Lewy body dementia cases, 711 proxy cases and 7624 controls with a GBA variant (p.E326

39 ily history of Alzheimer's disease to define proxy cases and controls in the UK Biobank for a genome-

40 's disease cases, 13 431 Parkinson's disease proxy cases, 622 Lewy body dementia cases and 180 355 co

41 mprising 676 cases and 35,675 family history proxy cases.

42 hibition of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 and genetically proxied circulating LDL cholesterol levels.

43 ng particle number concentrations (PNC) as a proxy)) continuously for 1 month at a residence near the

44 ible reference sequences, rs373863828 or its proxies could not be tested through imputation using the

45 e Iberian Basin, integrated with geochemical proxy data (delta(13)C and delta(18)O), to investigate t

46 trong implications for the interpretation of proxy data and the selection of proxy locations to compu

47 have not previously been reconstructed from proxy data for anywhere on the early Eocene Earth, and t

48 Climate proxy data from Peruvian archaeological sites provide a

49 rds combined with previously published multi-proxy data support a vital role for methane in Earth's e

50 ing ~12,000 Gt thermogenic C) replicates the proxy data.

51 conventional foraminiferal samples and multi-proxy deep-ocean oxygen estimates.

52 hile its delta(13)C-delta(18)O palaeoclimate proxies demonstrate that Apulia was not affected by dram

53 proxy and other highly resolved Atlantic SST proxies demonstrate that it shares the multidecadal vari

54 g the regression coefficients fitted using a proxy dependent variable, martingale residuals, instead

55 owever demonstrate that this T(skin)-derived proxy did not provide a reliable estimate of the absolut

56 rustration/worry domain (P = .03), on 4 of 5 Proxy domains (P <= .05), and on 3 of 4 Parent domains (

57 ity of tested cases, not limited to specific proxies, environmental parameters, regions or species.

58 ogical, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of

59 error is especially high when pre-Common Era proxy evidence from tree rings, ice cores, radiocarbon d

60 we present unprecedentedly detailed sea ice proxy evidence from two Norwegian Sea sediment cores and

61 ed model ensemble was robust to variation in proxies for "cell size".

62 ombination; thus, reporters are not reliable proxies for another locus of interest.

63 nt amplification for this marker, as well as proxies for anthropogenic disturbance, we show that euka

64 ing 40 of 3983 amplicon sequence variants as proxies for bacterial species.

65 al reality with the application of tree-ring proxies for climate or environmental estimates, we provi

66 sis demonstrates the utility of phylogenetic proxies for dating major ecological transitions in geolo

67 n addition to clinical diagnoses and various proxies for diagnoses ('minimal phenotyping'), many of t

68 pen chromatin profiles can serve as powerful proxies for difficult to obtain human cell populations,

69 lues of precipitation (isoscapes) to develop proxies for geographic locations of fauna and humans.

70 nd local bonding environment of Y and Nd, as proxies for heavy and light REE, in the deposits.

71 oss-breed analyses, using breed standards as proxies for individual measurements.

72 cautious support for use of next-gen VOA as proxies for more laborious QVOA, while providing greater

73 rgence varies a lot between species, but our proxies for motility and migration explain little of thi

74 Using this combinatorial approach and proxies for oxaliplatin-DNA damage, we observed no signi

75 ry preparedness to deal with CVDRFs are poor proxies for quality clinical care received by patients f

76 p24 to assess their suitability as scalable proxies for QVOA.

77 sponses suggests that developing and testing proxies for relevant underlying processes could be a fru

78 we combine a large collection of geochemical proxies for sea surface temperature with an isotope-enab

79 iation, using functional outcome measures as proxies for severity.

80 italization and duration of hospital stay as proxies for severity.

81 ereby support the utility of REE profiles as proxies for soft tissue and biomolecular preservation in

82 ts in the HMGCR gene region, which represent proxies for statin treatment, were associated with overa

83 e geological record have been interpreted as proxies for the evolution of molecular oxygen in the Arc

84 gen isotope ratios (delta(15)N) were used as proxies for trophic position and carbon isotope ratios (

85 ontext where census data provided reasonable proxies for true population quantities of interest.

86 Greenland Sea and White Sea-Barents Sea as a proxy for a West-East gradient of pollutants in polar be

87 omes is identified where the latter may be a proxy for airway microbiome assessment in chronic respir

88 Multi-systemic biological risk (MSBR), a proxy for allostatic load, is a composite index of bioma

89 iated with reactive Fe and reduced Fe(II), a proxy for anaerobic conditions (reactive Fe: R(2) = .54-

90 Northern Hemisphere oceans can be used as a proxy for anthropogenically driven change in cloud dropl

91 for young adults (15-29 years of age), as a proxy for areas with high levels of transmission, for 7

92 which stop signal task testing was used as a proxy for attentional reserves.

93 widespread ESBL gene family) and 16S rRNA (a proxy for bacterial load) abundance data from 833 rectal

94 functioning, which has been identified as a proxy for baseline dopamine synthesis capacity.

95 ch might indicate that milk consumption is a proxy for better overall nutrition or socio-economic sta

96 Using behavioural biases as a proxy for brain organisation, results indicate that reve

97 used soil organic carbon isotope ratios as a proxy for changes in woody vegetation cover over time in

98 examine formation energies and use them as a proxy for chemical stability.

99 re from adults with PA (self-report); 437 by proxy for children with PA (34 aged 0-3 years, 287 aged

100 ound that history of macular degeneration (a proxy for complement-activation disorders) and history o

101 allel screen of SOD1 activity as a potential proxy for compound toxicity.

102 but the reliability of these recordings as a proxy for continuous core body temperature (T(core)) mea

103 in bronchiolitis admissions is an important proxy for determining potential RSV vaccination strategi

104 n estimate of wing shape widely adopted as a proxy for dispersal ability in birds.

105 y neutral and, therefore, to be an excellent proxy for DNA when none is available.

106 n dynamics when using dental morphology as a proxy for DNA.

107 ng model to predict kidney dysfunction, as a proxy for drug induced renal toxicity, in rats.

108 Either can be used as a proxy for energy and summed to estimate total energy exp

109 Scotland, we collected heart rate data as a proxy for energy expenditure in 52 known individual grey

110 have the necessary sensitivity to serve as a proxy for examining potential toxicity.

111 Moreover, peptides used as a proxy for exposed misfolded protein chains selectively b

112 the storm's track, which has been used as a proxy for exposure in some epidemiological studies.

113 is was contrary to decreases in body mass (a proxy for fecundity) with elevation regardless of the pr

114 developmental rate among these hybrids as a proxy for fitness to assess the strength of selection im

115 sk and/or food availability) and rainfall (a proxy for food availability), did not affect the overall

116 lated, and because calf recruitment can be a proxy for food limitation, our work demonstrates how die

117 The claims-based index is a proxy for frailty and is likely less accurate than an in

118 and highly evolutionarily conserved exons, a proxy for functional importance.

119 ectable increases in health-plan spending, a proxy for future insurance premiums.

120 they performed best, providing a behavioral proxy for global SPEs.

121 understory species had lower wood density (a proxy for higher growth rates) because their higher WA(d

122 ty and contraceptive product preference as a proxy for HIV prevention delivery methods.

123 tic/biotic samples, revealing coprostanol, a proxy for human feces, as the most abundant sterol (seaw

124 hotosensitizer chemistry of humic acid, as a proxy for humic-like substances in atmospheric aerosols,

125 glass finds from the Iberian Peninsula as a proxy for identifying the mechanisms underlying technolo

126 L6R p.Asp358Ala coding mutation as a genetic proxy for IL-6 inhibition.

127 signal and used demographic estimators as a proxy for invasion potency.

128 ly employed commercial titanium dioxide as a proxy for its photochemically active fraction; to date,

129 esonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), as a proxy for labile SOM.

130 locations with contrasting land covers as a proxy for land use changes over time without considering

131 poor predictor, and we caution its use as a proxy for landscape resistance.

132 e authors investigated whether serum-PC EPA (proxy for marine omega-3 consumption) levels at the time

133 orted glycosuria and offspring genotype as a proxy for maternal genotype.

134 gical responses have commonly been used as a proxy for measuring subjective experiences associated wi

135 e was positively correlated with latitude, a proxy for migration strategy, suggesting that migratory

136 Overall, DBA seems to be a substantive proxy for movement-based power but consideration of othe

137 dynamic body acceleration (DBA) be used as a proxy for movement-based power.

138 a given period, or divided by time to give a proxy for movement-related metabolic power.

139 bpopulation with long poly(A) tails (a rough proxy for mRNA translatability).

140 Sex is a proxy for multiple genetic and endocrine influences on b

141 Proton irradiation is often used as a proxy for neutron irradiation but the irradiated layer i

142 of paternal age on offspring sociability, a proxy for normal neurodevelopment, by studying 203 male

143 e set of climate model simulations and, as a proxy for observations, meteorological reanalyses.

144 protein that colocalizes with osk mRNA, as a proxy for osk mRNA.

145 PAM system; nonphotochemical quenching was a proxy for P status, as P-deficient barley developed nonp

146 we develop mercury (Hg) stable isotopes as a proxy for paleoatmospheric chemistry and use Hg isotope

147 These results provide a novel geomorphic proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and present

148 Smoke emission rates are considered a proxy for particulate emissions.

149 ogic application of sulfate Delta'(17)O as a proxy for past [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] s

150 human infection with enteric pathogens as a proxy for past exposure (internal measures of exposure).

151 dation is using bacteriophage detection as a proxy for pathogen detection.

152 gain so that OKN can be used as an objective proxy for patient response to select the best corrective

153 Significantly, LINP1 acts as an effective proxy for PAXX.

154 l confirm the utility of this biomarker as a proxy for pCO(2) reconstruction.

155 nisms are rarely preserved and, therefore, a proxy for physiological aspects is needed.

156 cond-generation sulfonylureas were used as a proxy for placebo regarding cardiovascular effects.

157 l classification using standard pathology as proxy for poor biology is associated with survival and r

158 llow taproot diameters provides a reasonable proxy for potential rooting depth, facilitating extensiv

159 that spatial heterogeneity in visibility (a proxy for predation risk and/or food availability) and r

160 n droplet number concentration is a suitable proxy for preindustrial concentrations.

161 cond-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal androgen load, and transgender identi

162 years of MODIS NDVI data, a remotely sensed proxy for primary production, with observations from 121

163 DII-VENUS, a sensor for auxin signaling and proxy for relative auxin distribution.

164 g the last 4000 years, an effective indirect proxy for reliably assessing Pb emissions directly linke

165 ition of an administrative hazard zone, as a proxy for risk of hardening at all sandy beaches on the

166 among the regulation of 3' UTR isoforms is a proxy for selective pressures acting upon APA usage and

167 us between different sequencing methods as a proxy for sequencing confidence.

168 rythematosus (SLE), using renal disease as a proxy for severity.

169 stently SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals as a proxy for shedding of infectious virus.

170 nightly time in bed devoted to sleep (TIB, a proxy for sleep duration with regard to public health re

171 diet, microbiome and genetic relatedness (a proxy for social learning) of 218 moose Alces alces acro

172 r-capita household consumption spending as a proxy for socioeconomic status.

173 I) as a measure of investment in gametes and proxy for sperm competition, we find that, while gonocho

174 Larger width of ventral tissue bridges-a proxy for spinothalamic tract function-at 1 month post-s

175 ate whether length of lag phase can act as a proxy for stress, using a number of model systems (Asper

176 ral trend of leaf elongation rate, used as a proxy for that of xylem water potential, was faster in P

177 and its radiocarbon dating can be used as a proxy for the age of a painting.

178 Spatial proximity is often used as a proxy for the direct interaction of biomolecules.

179 e photon upconversion measurements, a direct proxy for the efficiency of triplet energy transfer (TET

180 alpha particles from an (241)Am source as a proxy for the neutron-capture reaction and determined th

181 zing the reconstructed electron density as a proxy for the state-of-charge.

182 irst-person perspective motion information-a proxy for the visual experience of actually navigating t

183 otope fractionation may serve as an accurate proxy for U(VI) reduction in both modern and ancient env

184 tween particle number concentrations (PNC; a proxy for UFP) and PM(2.5) (R(2) of 0.38 and 0.41, respe

185 s of particle number concentrations (PNCs; a proxy for UFP) for two study areas in Boston (MA) by rep

186 with different night-light intensity used as proxy for urban development.

187 he association of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, proxy for vegetable omega-3 intake) with all-cause morta

188 We conclude that delta(13) C(ph) is a good proxy for whole-tree iWUE, with the caveats that post-ph

189 een suggested as a potential time-integrated proxy for WUE(i) that may provide a tool to screen for W

190 nuatu (southwest) and published hydroclimate proxies from the Society Islands (northeast) and Kiribat

191 en recorded by an array of paleoceanographic proxies from various locations across the global ocean.

192 of atmospheric CO(2) using the delta(11)B-pH proxy from 3.35 to 3.15 million years ago (Ma) at a temp

193 metry to a traditionally qualitative abiotic proxy, glendonite calcite, to generate quantitative temp

194 In the primary analysis, genetically proxied HMG-CoA reductase inhibition equivalent to a 1-m

195 In BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, genetically proxied HMG-CoA reductase inhibition was associated with

196 ena, and assess the merits of archaeological proxies in EN reconstructions.

197 Recent work has used boron-based proxies in planktic foraminifera to characterize the ext

198 ndescribed culture calibrations for the B/Ca proxy in planktic foraminifera and use them to calculate

199 11195, a marker of activated microglia and a proxy index of neuroinflammation; and (ii) 18F-AV-1451,

200 We combined proxy indicators of morbidity and mortality risk from th

201 ith the highest scores in maternal closeness proxy indicators.

202 Primary exposure was genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and secondary ex

203 Genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase was significantl

204 e no significant associations of genetically proxied inhibition of NPC1L1 (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.53-1.7

205 ase and secondary exposures were genetically proxied inhibition of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 and genetically p

206 Affinity measurements, carried out using the proxy ligand ESI-MS binding assay, confirmed that GD1b b

207 pretation of proxy data and the selection of proxy locations to compute global mean temperatures.

208 oadly resembling that of other mid-latitudes proxies, may be attributed to the southward shift of the

209 -IBS), and anxiety and depression (HAD) as a proxy measure of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctio

210 h LLD to determine the association between a proxy measure of dopamine function-neuromelanin-sensitiv

211 nfections among persons aged <=40 years as a proxy measure of IDU.

212 e efficacy of antiangiogenic agents and as a proxy measure of perfusion and oxygenation in tumor tiss

213 cates better mobility) and upright time as a proxy measure of physical activity (proportion of the da

214 xposure assessment based on a distance-based proxy measurement and any of the hazard-specific metrics

215 Although these proxy measurements of Ca(2+) provided insight into the s

216 sing quantitative measures of alcohol use as proxy measures for AUD, and we outline how future studie

217 (13)C and (15)N are two important proxy measures of soil biogeochemistry, but they were ra

218 Advances in proxy methods and interpretations pave the way for the u

219 cism about the reliability of archaeological proxies, nonarchaeological proxies seemed to confirm thi

220 plasma catecholamine levels were assessed as proxies of autonomic tone in the periphery.

221 S and evaluate whether targets identified as proxies of direct genetic hits are enriched for successf

222 e or drought severity, combined with several proxies of ecosystem productivity: a remote sensing prod

223 ing a Pearson correlation, we confirmed that proxies of ESs are linked to soil properties.

224 ies in the face of changing climate, natural proxies of future conditions (upwelling zones, CO(2) ven

225 itions under which relevant tracheobronchial proxies of human respiratory diseases can be developed.

226 ial for NMR metabolite signals to be used as proxies of methane emissions (CH(4) in g/kg DMI).

227 ted by rescaling climate drivers in terms of proxies of plant-plant interactions.

228 ulating maximum and minimum estimates of two proxies of powered flight potential-wing loading and spe

229 /or empiricists may need to reconsider their proxies of risky behaviours when testing such theory.

230 y among botanical races and is correlated to proxies of the precipitation gradients.

231 redominantly European ethnicity and use of a proxy of fracture risk.

232 Isolation frequency, a proxy of fungal biomass, was not significantly predicted

233 readout of vulnerability to stress and as a proxy of mPFC function.

234 In each, stool calorie loss, a direct proxy of nutrient absorption, was measured.

235 tal beta (~13 to 30 Hz) at ~120 ms, likely a proxy of right inferior frontal gyrus; then, at 140 ms,

236 evaluated truncated stathmin-2 (STMN2) as a proxy of TDP-43 pathology, given the reports that TDP-43

237 h that of cortical thickness, representing a proxy of the cortical hierarchical level.

238 -to-blood ratios, a more practical potential proxy of V(D), correlated well with volume of distributi

239 One parent for each child completed the Proxy PedEyeQ (same domains as child plus eye care) and

240 al vision, r = -0.1474; P = .005), on 2 of 5 proxy PedEyeQ domains (e.g., functional vision, r = -0.2

241 nfidence interval [CI] -29 to -7; P < .001); Proxy PedEyeQ greatest mean difference 31 points worse o

242 We conducted a proxy-phenotype meta-analysis of PAU, combining alcohol

243 and 2019, which used larger sample sizes and proxy phenotypes from biobanks, have substantially incre

244 alstonia eutropha H16) by characterizing the proxy process of glycolate metabolism, performing compar

245 Patients, or their proxy, rated their level of frailty (Clinical Frailty Sc

246 aredness to manage CVDRFs should not rely on proxies; rather, it should involve direct assessment of

247 the recently developed competitive universal proxy receptor assay (CUPRA), implemented in a time-reso

248 However, the local terrestrial proxy record cannot distinguish between the potential dr

249 rd at <40-y resolution along with subdecadal proxy records from one Black Sea sediment core around Gr

250 y the uneven distribution of high-resolution proxy records in space and time.

251 However, until now, adequate proxy records needed to better understand this event wit

252 However, based on available proxy records of surface temperature changes, our model

253 The synchronized environmental proxy records reveal a bipartite climate response in the

254 Climate proxy records show that 43 and 42 BCE were among the col

255 ced by apparent contradictions in a range of proxy records, consider the impact of CP and COA phenome

256 ions of caregivers' sex and anxiety with the proxy report of their child's HRQL and to identify signi

257 the month 3 follow-up was assessed by parent proxy-report employing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inv

258 (self-report); parent/nonparent caregivers (proxy-report for a child with PA); and parent/nonparent

259 PA who responded by self-report and provided proxy-report for the PwPA under their care.

260 Serial parent proxy-report health-related quality of life assessments

261 (self-report); 546 were parents/caregivers (proxy-report); and 881 were parents/caregivers (self-rep

262 Child's sex was not associated with proxy-reported burden.

263 and teenagers (aged 13-17 years) with self-/proxy-reported moderate or severe PA and with parents/ca

264 of archaeological proxies, nonarchaeological proxies seemed to confirm this archaeological EN reconst

265 We employed a novel in vivo proxy sensor of KOR activation, adenovirus associated do

266 d debris, and microfossil and biogeochemical proxies, show repeated abrupt collapses and slow advance

267 ng observed in human fMRI studies by using a proxy signal for BOLD in a freely behaving rodent.

268 mainly rely on empirical relationships with proxies such as leaf nitrogen/chlorophyll content or hyp

269 es between climate models and existing CO(2) proxies such as paleosols.

270 hodology shows that ferrihydrite is a better proxy than goethite for consistently assessing RSA and R

271 ghly sensitive diagnostic paleoenvironmental proxies that express high variability at the bed (< 10 m

272 AS) meta-analysis (N <=196 475) were used to proxy therapeutic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, Niema

273 ata on methane-derived carbonates to build a proxy time series of methane emission over the last 150

274 rve continuous and datable palaeotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cyc

275 d differential DNA methylation signatures in proxy tissues that are associated with reproductive phen

276 ,000 years ago) "cultures" are often used as proxies to designate fossil populations.

277 rine non-native species with human footprint proxies to determine whether the ecological changes due

278 We use multiple proxies to measure the complexity of activities, finding

279 d alongside other environmental and climatic proxies to reconstruct Late Upper Palaeolithic condition

280 This is because proxies to track vegetation development with daily cover

281 ose of alkenones but the sensitivity of this proxy to changes in pCO(2) has not been constrained in m

282 d load (PRAL; mEq/d) was calculated as a DAL proxy to characterize participants' diet as alkaline (Al

283 s can be used as a computationally efficient proxy to establish whether a solute will stabilize or de

284 s and extrapolate a phenomenological digital proxy to evaluate system performance.

285 nc (Zn) in bioapatite constitute a promising proxy to infer dietary information from extant and extin

286 e use of the lateral semicircular canal as a proxy to infer precisely the horizontal plane on dry sku

287 UE(i) , and can be used as a high-throughput proxy to screen for WUE(plant) in these C(4) species.

288 ground-level, beryllium-7, is utilized as a proxy to study atmospheric dynamics.

289 Domain boundaries constitute a better proxy to track mutational load change than replication t

290 tudy brings a potential new criterion to the proxy toolkit for identifying tsunami backwash deposits,

291 uggesting that perceived age may be a useful proxy trait in genetic association studies.

292 By the resulting 'proxy treadmill', new honest indicators arise while old

293 Studies using coarser cost proxies underestimate conservation costs, especially at

294 re publicly available could test the spatial proxies used in estimating residential and commercial bu

295 st 12 months significantly predicted EQ-5D-Y proxy utility (P < .01).

296 histories and information on ethnicity or a proxy variable.

297 , with sequential addition of adjustment for proxy variables for CO exposure, including study area in

298 Using soil properties as predictors of ES proxies, we developed AESP models: one for spiked and an

299 Menopausal status was defined using age as a proxy, whereby breast cancer cases or deaths at age 50 y

300 UK Biobank for a genome-wide association by proxy, which was meta-analysed with data from GWAS of cl