ライフサイエンスコーパス: pupil

1 o that only 1 eye at a time had a nonblocked pupil.

2 oked are coupled with brief dilations of the pupil.

3 he increased visual acuity provided by small pupils.

4 y correlated between the songs of tutors and pupils.

5 By using a confined pupil, a Maxwellian display presents an all-in-focus ima

6 vel paradigm designed to capture patterns of pupil adaptation during sustained periods of dark and li

7 We developed multi-pupil adaptive optics (MPAO), which enables simultaneous

8 l status, leading to the design of novel H&H-Pupil-Age score (HHPA) and simplified H&H-Pupil score (s

9 ean values indicated a rising D3MFT count as pupils aged (consistent with new teeth emerging), which

10 The pupil also responds to a wide variety of cognitive proce

11 while the corresponding fellow eye projected pupil alternated between 0 and 3.0 mm or 0 and 4.0 mm at

12 We measured pupil and brain-evoked potentials to stimuli that violat

13 a 6-mm-diameter corneal ETM centered on the pupil and compared between the groups.

14 e acquired arousal response, as reflected in pupil and EEG alpha-beta band responses.

15 During conditioning, pupil and EEG markers related to heightened arousal were

16 responsiveness as indicated by interrelated pupil and EEG markers.

17 , we leverage the close relationship between pupil and neural activity to inform our understanding of

18 An off-axis pupil and the principle of chromatic aberration (where d

19 sions are reported by rapid dilations of the pupil and track a suppression of biases in the accumulat

20 Despite smaller pupils and denser cataracts, pseudoexfoliation eyes with

21 and focal distance to maintain the smallest pupil (and thus the highest visual acuity) that still al

22 ed between a state of rest and a constricted pupil, and one of active locomotion and a dilated pupil,

23 ion, dry mouth, lack of tears, fixed dilated pupils, and diffuse anhidrosis 7 days after a febrile il

24 and larger heart rate, skin conductance, and pupil area responses to loud sounds (multivariate p = .0

25 4.2 and 95.8% of participants showed resting pupil asymmetry of <=0.5 mm and <= 1.0 mm, respectively.

26 Senate Bill SB-328 Pupil Attendance: School Start Time [2] prohibits middle

27 Thus, the pupil can be used to sensitively track the activity in m

28 and-wide record linkage of education (annual pupil census) and maternity (Scottish Morbidity Record 0

29 hiatric hospitals, maternity records, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences and exclusio

30 We linked the 2007-2016 Scottish School Pupil Censuses to Scottish maternity records and to suns

31 e regression model, corneal thickness at the pupil center by the Pentacam and relative increase in ce

32 hich mediates orienting responses, including pupil changes to salient stimuli; and the locus coeruleu

33 tion revealed fully dilated, non-reactive RE pupil, clear lens and tubular remnant of HA containing b

34 eflexive visual functions in people, such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment.

35 nge of subconscious visual behaviors such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment.

36 0 times less potent in stimulating mouse-eye pupil constriction than muscarinic agonists oxotremorin-

37 ing aspects of light adaptation ranging from pupil constriction to changes in visual circuit performa

38 ral vision over peripheral vision results in pupil constriction, and this likely reflects the fact th

39 ith a bright stimulus results in preparatory pupil constriction, which allows the pupil to respond qu

40 e anterior chamber angle, preventing further pupil constriction.

41 are not explained by convergence responses, pupil constrictions, head movements, or starting eye pos

42 ht variations that usually trigger reflexive pupil constrictions.

43 We show that the rate at which the pupil constricts and dilates is matched to the temporal

44 Three parameters of pupil contraction were determined automatically: percent

45 sisted of modifying the transmittance of the pupil corresponding to the fellow eye until the perceive

46 80 school pupils drawn from 564 886 National Pupil Database records of adolescents aged 15 years, liv

47 The range of vision targeted, pupil dependence, toric availability, as well as type of

48 raphy score (P = .011); age (P < 0.001); and pupil diameter (P < 0.001).

49 ork, which has quantified gradual changes in pupil diameter (the so-called "pupil dilation response")

50 Posthoc tests revealed reduced pupil diameter after 8IU intranasal oxytocin compared to

51 Changes in pupil diameter also accompany covert orienting; hence th

52 baseline catecholamine levels (as indexed by pupil diameter and manipulated pharmacologically) on the

53 nt of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/s

54 so showed a significant relationship between pupil diameter and right amygdala activation after 8IU i

55 sting that the reflex pathways that regulate pupil diameter are under some degree of cognitive contro

56 Functional magnetic resonance imaging, and pupil diameter as a proxy measure for LC-noradrenaline t

57 ation of laterality as the random effect and pupil diameter as the fixed effect.

58 In Study 2 we compared women's pupil diameter change in response to the faces of men wi

59 Pupil diameter change was not related to subjective rati

60 a measure of women's physiological arousal (pupil diameter change) was correlated with ratings of me

61 With cycloplegia, pupil diameter changed significantly more in presbyopic

62 To this end, we assessed pupil diameter data from a previously reported functiona

63 Pupil diameter determines how much light hits the retina

64 effort, and inter-individual variability in pupil diameter during performance of social-cognitive ta

65 Off-medication patients showed a decreased pupil diameter during the task.

66 ctive attention, we asked whether changes in pupil diameter follow internal shifts of attention to me

67 s performed on the logNS IQ metric over 5 mm pupil diameter following cycloplegia.

68 Adjusting pupil diameter in accordance with environmental regulari

69 Because pupil diameter increases when orienting to behaviorally

70 e further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which indiv

71 ve decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signa

72 ng, we tested the hypothesis that changes in pupil diameter reflect inferences humans make about envi

73 by which such cognitive processes influence pupil diameter remain somewhat unclear, although cortica

74 tend previous findings connecting changes in pupil diameter to neural activity under varying cognitiv

75 ficant main effect of treatment condition on pupil diameter was observed.

76 OCT-derived maximum pupil diameter, minimum pupil diameter, and anisocoria.

77 axial length (AL), accommodation amplitude, pupil diameter, and best-corrected visual acuity were me

78 ented by the ocular wavefront aberration and pupil diameter, both either coming from in vivo measurem

79 show that heightened arousal, as indexed by pupil diameter, broadens frequency-tuned activity of lay

80 oefficient was >0.90 for OCT-derived maximum pupil diameter, minimum pupil diameter, and anisocoria.

81 esbyopic and 42 presbyopic eyes, we measured pupil diameter, radius of corneal curvature values, cent

82 arousal, indexed by baseline and task-evoked pupil diameter, respectively.

83 d IV oxytocin on right amygdala activity and pupil diameter, the significant difference between 8IU i

84 bering, assayed by posterior alpha power and pupil diameter, were correlated with reductions in neura

85 Pupil diameter, which indexes neuromodulatory state incl

86 fic behaviours such as running or changes in pupil diameter.

87 ivity in anterior cingulate cortex predicted pupil diameter.

88 oost effect is accompanied by an increase in pupil diameter.

89 native substrate for cognitive influences on pupil diameter.

90 Larger pupil diameters at the time of surgery showed a tendency

91 Compared to control, the mean baseline pupil diameters were significantly smaller for all patie

92 ed to capture fundus images before and after pupil dilatation, using a hand-held non-mydriatic (Visus

93 (either eye-11.6%, both eyes-1.2%) following pupil dilatation.

94 ypan blue (aOR, 1.76; P < 0.001); mechanical pupil dilation (aOR, 1.36; P = 0.024); and iris hooks at

95 ective intensity ratings, tVNS led to robust pupil dilation (peaking 4-5 s after trial onset) that wa

96 ber of factors including poor intraoperative pupil dilation and a higher risk of vision threatening c

97 heir firing during locomotion, whisking, and pupil dilation and are involved in spatially specific to

98 ve healthy male volunteers induced transient pupil dilation and attenuation of occipital alpha oscill

99 Simultaneous measurements of pupil dilation and heart-rate variability show that the

100 the interaction between different causes of pupil dilation and suggest a quantitative approach to ch

101 Pupil dilation does not meaningfully affect vertical or

102 correlating positively with the magnitude of pupil dilation during a continuous performance task.

103 the superior colliculus (SCi), evoked robust pupil dilation even in the absence of evoked saccades.

104 sponse"), here we focus on the occurrence of pupil dilation events.

105 Moreover, pupil dilation evoked from the FEFs increased when presu

106 referential gaze toward losses and increased pupil dilation for accepting gambles.

107 ned by Goldmann applanation tonometry before pupil dilation for fundoscopy and OCT imaging.

108 human movement); and one pupillometry task, pupil dilation in response to viewing affective faces.

109 Model-free value only guides gaze and pupil dilation in sign-trackers.

110 Pupil dilation is a sensitive index of attentional alloc

111 Pupil dilation metrics correlate with individual differe

112 is model-based construct determines gaze and pupil dilation more in goal-trackers.

113 al changes in pupil diameter (the so-called "pupil dilation response"), here we focus on the occurren

114 Pupil dilation scaled with the number and intensity of s

115 tion selectively indexed valuation bias, and pupil dilation selectively indexed response bias.

116 Critically, pupil dilation to CS(+) was correlated with stronger EEG

117 ses, to examine the neural systems linked to pupil dilation under varying cognitive demands.

118 Pupil dilation was greater for liked melodies, particula

119 Pupil dilation was not affected by testosterone, and inc

120 Significant pupil dilation was observed in response to faces vs. non

121 After pupil dilation with 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamid

122 ociations of the change in iris volume after pupil dilation with underlying iris surface features in

123 oral (choice probability) and physiological (pupil dilation) signatures of reinforcement learning wit

124 We measured pupil dilation, a noninvasive marker of arousal-related

125 Surprise also positively correlated with pupil dilation, activation in subcortical regions associ

126 Skin conductance, pupil dilation, and anterior insula responses to cued pa

127 Here we focused on arousal, measured through pupil dilation, as a candidate timing signal.

128 In contrast to skin conductance responses or pupil dilation, modulation of the startle reflex is vale

129 ed optimization of input across saccades and pupil dilation, the primate auditory system has fewer me

130 rior temporal cortex when observing own-race pupil dilation.

131 a burst of autonomic arousal, as indexed by pupil dilation.

132 Phasic pupil dilations (PDR) were monitored to assess Norepinep

133 lso related to distinct temporal features of pupil dilations to boundaries as well as to the temporal

134 s activations systematically preceded phasic pupil dilations with a strikingly similar temporal profi

135 h enrolled a random sample of 298 080 school pupils drawn from 564 886 National Pupil Database record

136 metry enables tracking brain state-dependent pupil dynamics and identifying unique cross-scale neuron

137 Thus, pupil dynamics are matched to the temporal structure of

138 Even under anesthesia, pupil dynamics correlate with brain-state fluctuations,

139 This would allow adjusting pupil dynamics to environmental statistics to augment in

140 s are seldom linked to brain state-dependent pupil dynamics.

141 that provides the parameters of the entrance pupil ellipse for an observer at an arbitrary location.

142 f adherence at baseline (eg, ocular history, pupil examination, and central corneal thickness measure

143 hat, compared to eyes with fully constricted pupils, eyes from A. irradians with fully dilated pupils

144 thermore, the degree to which trial-by-trial pupil fluctuations encoded this nonlinear interaction co

145 while using OCT imaging through an undilated pupil followed by the intravitreal injection.

146 Serum samples of 501 nonselected pupils from Salzburg, Austria, were tested in ImmunoCAP

147 ents under conditions that separately assess pupil function driven by different photoreceptor classes

148 uromodulatory role in the control of lens or pupil function.

149 apture the PSF shape, such as those based on pupil functions, can be computationally expensive.

150 When viewed off-axis, the entrance pupil has an elliptical form.

151 We found that pupil hazard rates predicted the classification of sub-s

152 to get near 100% of reported cases over the pupil implantation.

153 lex (PLR): the automatic constriction of the pupil in response to luminance increments.

154 brain responses to dilating and constricting pupils in the context of viewing own-race and other-race

155 ong with social network information from all pupils in their year groups (total 5,066 social dyads).

156 g neural temporal fine structure processing, pupil-indexed listening effort, and behavioral FM thresh

157 lly arranged scleral ossicles define a small pupil, indicative of diurnal activity.

158 , and one of active locomotion and a dilated pupil, indicative of heightened attention.

159 ltiple off-axis plane waves, duplicating the pupils into an array.

160 The precise appearance of the entrance pupil is a consequence of the anatomical and optical pro

161 The pupil is known to reflect a range of psychological and p

162 reflex by the PFC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The pupil light reflex (PLR) is our brain's first and most f

163 canonical example of a central reflex is the pupil light reflex (PLR): the automatic constriction of

164 Restoration of the pupil light reflex, behavioral light avoidance, and the

165 system, which mediates relationships between pupil-linked arousal and cognition.

166 ex (expressed as time-series entropy) versus pupil-linked arousal differentially impact perceptual pr

167 to the temporal stability of more prolonged pupil-linked arousal states.

168 reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations.

169 h the report of the decision, an increase in pupil-linked arousal, fixational eye movements, and fluc

170 Further, changes in pupil-linked arousal, fixational eye movements, or gamma

171 Using fMRI, we showed that the pupil-linked bias reduction was (i) accompanied by a mod

172 different suboptimalities relate to distinct pupil-linked processes, possibly related to tonic and ph

173 frontal cortex and (ii) predicted by phasic, pupil-linked responses of a number of neuromodulatory br

174 defined as typical fibrillar material at the pupil margin and/or on the lens capsule.

175 se findings can inform the interpretation of pupil measurements in terms of activation of these neura

176 Collectively, our findings suggest that pupil measures reflect both stability and change in ongo

177 Additionally, these two pupil measures were predictive of a unique set of EEG si

178 We also investigate the relationship between pupil metrics derived from this novel task and quantitat

179 We show that pupil metrics of constriction and dilation are distinct

180 et simple, paradigm can result in meaningful pupil metrics that correlate with individual differences

181 Cognitively driven pupil modulations reflect certain underlying brain funct

182 on reaching its peak (midfilament) near the pupil (n = 3) or midzonal iris (n = 1), before returning

183 dy baseline data, from 12-13 year old school pupils (n = 1656) in Northern Ireland and Bogota (Colomb

184 e, relative dilation and constriction of the pupil occurred dynamically and followed the changing tem

185 ith severe visual loss, nystagmus, amaurotic pupils, oculo-digital sign and markedly reduced or absen

186 that accurate specification of the entrance pupil of a stationary eye requires modeling of corneal r

187 mera at a medical clinic, with dilatation of pupil of those who have ungradable images, provides a va

188 observer sees a virtual image: the "entrance pupil" of the eye.

189 The projected pupil on the eye implanted with the inlay alternated in

190 patients without uncomplicated PEX (no small pupils or phacodonesis) all undergoing phacoemulsificati

191 eyes without shallow anterior chamber, small pupils, or apparent zonulopathy may represent eyes with

192 1 had a higher proportion of poorly reactive pupils (P < 0.001) and abnormal ocular movements (P = 0.

193 Binocular OCT-derived pupil parameters had excellent test-retest reliability.

194 Pupil parameters including maximum and minimum diameter,

195 g photon catch, either optically, with large pupils, photoreceptors, and ever larger eyes [2], or neu

196 spectrum disorder (ASD), some work has used pupil physiology to successfully classify patients with

197 multaneously captures OCT images of the iris-pupil plane of both eyes.

198 required incident field distribution at the pupil plane to create the multi-segmented optical needle

199 e (less than $10) phase mask inserted in the pupil plane to encode the light field and enhance the de

200 microlenses to capture 12-bit images of the pupil plane, and a superluminescent diode of 830 nm wave

201 puter-randomised, stratified by school-level pupil premium funding (below/above county-specific media

202 voking corollary to our findings is that the pupils provide a reliable measure of what is in the focu

203 s, eyes from A. irradians with fully dilated pupils provide approximately three times the sensitivity

204 in multiple PLR parameters including resting pupil radius, minimal pupil radius, relative constrictio

205 ters including resting pupil radius, minimal pupil radius, relative constriction, latency, and respon

206 muscle, whereas another is triggered by the pupil reaction when shifting focus from far to near.

207 Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, age, and pupil reactivity.

208 s Pde6b) leads to partial restoration of the pupil reflex and visual function.

209 e nonimage-forming visual responses, such as pupil reflexes and circadian entrainment.

210 CE STATEMENT When light hits the retina, the pupil reflexively constricts.

211 whose contractions dilate and constrict the pupil, respectively.

212 The pupil responds reflexively to changes in brightness and

213 ed by abnormalities in the post illumination pupil response (PIPR).

214 l signal, with the individual differences in pupil response associated with individual differences in

215 a strong test of top-down modulation of the pupil response by selective attention, we asked whether

216 It was accompanied by a larger pupil response than was distractor rejection, and this e

217 kernel, while trial-by-trial fluctuations in pupil response were associated with trial-by-trial fluct

218 ation in the amplification of discomfort vs. pupil response, our findings suggest a postretinal alter

219 egration kernel are related to the change in pupil response.

220 s transformed into a rating of discomfort or pupil response.

221 We tracked pupil responses (a proxy of phasic arousal) during senso

222 More generally, cognitively driven pupil responses are likely a form of sensory tuning: a s

223 We show that transient and sustained pupil responses are mediated by distinct photoreceptors

224 vide surprising and consistent evidence that pupil responses are under top-down control by cognitive

225 These pupil responses correlated with central potentials, evok

226 Large pupil responses generally predicted a reduction in decis

227 This ensured that pupil responses reflected endogenous arousal fluctuation

228 snippets from familiar and unfamiliar songs: Pupil responses showed greater dilation rate to familiar

229 Pupil responses to red and blue light (peak, 485 and 625

230 visual discomfort, in that an enhancement of pupil responses was not seen in the migraine group, nor

231 Pupil responses were binned according to "Longer/Shorter

232 Pupil responses were compared among the subjects groups

233 We observed no dissociation in pupil responses when timing equivalent neutral spatial d

234 r tightly controlled conditions, task-evoked pupil responses, an LC activity proxy, are lower in indi

235 In this review, I propose that cognitive pupil responses, like their reflexive counterparts, serv

236 produced by these stimuli while we recorded pupil responses.

237 icient method of objectively quantifying the pupil responses.

238 predictors at admission were acquired (age, pupil responsiveness, admission Glasgow Coma Scale, gluc

239 ately polygenic scores predict an individual pupil's educational performance conditional on other phe

240 &H-Pupil-Age score (HHPA) and simplified H&H-Pupil score (sHHP), respectively.

241 ies were related to different aspects of the pupil signal, with the individual differences in pupil r

242 the ICMA Group had a significant decrease in pupil size (>=3 mm) intraoperatively compared to 4 (16.0

243 SA, coma, and Q value (P < .05), and smaller pupil size (P = .05) than normal eyes implanted with abe

244 mined automatically: percentage of change of pupil size (PPC), maximum contraction velocity (MCV; in

245 response follows dynamics similar to that of pupil size and heart rate, suggesting that task-related

246 During this session, we also recorded ocular pupil size as an implicit measure of listeners' arousal.

247 nd information processing and indicates that pupil size can be used to track the progression of impli

248 x (PLR) is an involuntary response where the pupil size changes with luminance.

249 Pupil size correlated with the subjects' performance and

250 Our results suggest that pupil size could serve as a biomarker in ADHD.

251 We found that pupil size dilated following these surprising events, in

252 of implicit learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pupil size dilates following increase in mental effort,

253 ipRGC function was inferred from the PIPR (pupil size following stimulus offset).

254 We monitored pupil size from ADHD and control subjects, during a visu

255 Rapid and stable control of pupil size in response to light is critical for vision,

256 bout environmental conditions were linked to pupil size in the ASD group, thus suggesting heightened

257 During mesopic and scotopic conditions the pupil size increases, increasing the effects on visual p

258 ups and individuals with larger than average pupil size may have a greater effect with Ortho-K.

259 f focus [EROF], sphere shift [SS], EROF-SS), pupil size measurements at far and near, and ocular and

260 o evaluate the intrasession repeatability of pupil size measurements provided by a multidiagnostic pl

261 Repeated pupil size measures under photopic (P, 220 lx), mesopic

262 de of more than 4 (P = 0.001), and to have a pupil size of less than 6 mm (P < 0.001) when compared w

263 The maximum pupil size of the subject population on this study, meas

264 Measurements of infants' pupil size over time indicated that this resulted from i

265 As hypothesized, striatal activity and pupil size reflected task-conditional salience of old an

266 d a significantly larger resting and minimal pupil size than the LR group.

267 Pupil size under constant illumination reflects brain ar

268 ystem can provide consistent measurements of pupil size under scotopic, low mesopic and photopic cond

269 Likewise, pupil size was also measured once in the fellow eye in a

270 no statistically significant differences in pupil size were found between right and left eyes in any

271 egards stimulus category and correlates with pupil size, and a specific process, which facilitates ca

272 ffects of prediction error and volatility on pupil size, consistent with slower belief updating.

273 only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination.

274 Through pupil size, we provide evidence of an involvement of the

275 Unlike pupil size, which depends on the interaction of multiple

276 sing marker of cognitive states in humans is pupil size, which reflects the activity of an 'arousal'

277 fy a global brain network that covaried with pupil size, which served to generate an index indicative

278 than expected considering the difference in pupil sizes and the Stiles-Crawford effect, showing an e

279 The pupil sizes under photopic and mesopic conditions were i

280 was calculated for small (3 mm) and maximum pupil sizes.

281 oss arousal states associated with different pupil sizes.

282 e found that, under semi-natural conditions, pupils (sons) significantly reproduced the sequence stat

283 ion models included Hunt & Hess scale (H&H), pupil status and age or in a simplified variation only H

284 This study aims to evaluate the role of pupil status for mortality prediction and provide improv

285 Accordingly, including information about pupil status improves the predictive performance of prog

286 ge or in a simplified variation only H&H and pupil status, leading to the design of novel H&H-Pupil-A

287 Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events,

288 ely polygenic scores for education predicted pupils' test score achievement.

289 he sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus have pupils that constrict to ~60% of their fully dilated are

290 aratory pupil constriction, which allows the pupil to respond quickly when that bright stimulus is su

291 We then measure whether the pupil tracks this temporal structure not only at the rat

292 rements were performed after dilation of the pupils, using the same Pentacam HR device.

293 trefoil, and corneal asphericity) for a 6 mm pupil were measured by Scheimpflug tomography.

294 of sequence similarities between tutors and pupils were significantly predicted by the prevalence of

295 higher-order aberrations (HOAs) over a 6 mm pupil, were assessed before and 6 months, postoperativel

296 Across 3 studies, we reveal dilation of the pupil when participants orient attention to the memorand

297 al measurements of the shape of the entrance pupil with good accuracy.

298 Their mother had poorly reactive pupils with asymptomatic cerebral arteriopathy resemblin

299 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.16) in those pupils with caries in their primary dentition than in th

300 ing 12x to 16x magnification through dilated pupils with ocular saccades before an injection.