ライフサイエンスコーパス: quantal

1 ociated with a reduction in the amplitude of quantal AMPA events.

2 glutamate by vesicular fusion, which induces quantal AMPA receptor-mediated currents in NG2(+) glial

3 ombined depolarizing effect enables the fast quantal AMPAR component to trigger action potentials at

4 of spontaneous release without any change in quantal amplitude (miniature endplate current), (2) redu

5 ariably found in the absence of increases in quantal amplitude and probability of release.

6 was mediated by a decrease in both synaptic quantal amplitude and quantal content, the latter inferr

7 mitral and external tufted cells had similar quantal amplitude and release probability, suggesting th

8 Changes in both quantal amplitude and vesicle release contribute to home

9 s that the sensors triggering changes in the quantal amplitude and vesicle release exist at different

10 Changes in quantal amplitude and vesicle release should be consider

11 ot additive; whereas TNFalpha increased AMPA quantal amplitude at control synapses, TNFalpha reduced

12 optogenetic activation of FS cells to probe quantal amplitude at FS-->SP synapses.

13 litude at control synapses, TNFalpha reduced quantal amplitude at prescaled synapses, demonstrating s

14 (AMPARs), and results from a fourfold larger quantal amplitude compared with the thalamic inputs onto

15 two different mechanisms underlie changes in quantal amplitude during homeostatic synaptic plasticity

16 compensatory increases in both GABA and AMPA quantal amplitude in embryonic spinal motoneurons.

17 our data suggest that scaling up and down of quantal amplitude is not driven by changes in synaptic a

18 ndings suggest that homeostatic increases in quantal amplitude may normally be triggered by reduced l

19 natal week the quantal frequency but not the quantal amplitude of synaptic events increased more than

20 number of silent synapses with no change in quantal amplitude or presynaptic release.

21 ns were accompanied by scaling of excitatory quantal amplitude via the postsynaptic, GB(1b)-containin

22 reas a loss of postsynaptic syt-IV increased quantal amplitude.

23 d neurotransmission can trigger increases in quantal amplitude.

24 this into compensatory changes in excitatory quantal amplitude.

25 Glutamatergic blockade had no effect on quantal amplitude.

26 s been a compensatory increase in excitatory quantal amplitude.

27 endent release sites or average postsynaptic quantal amplitude.

28 us manipulations had no impact on inhibitory quantal amplitude.

29 aneous network activity had little effect on quantal amplitude.

30 We observed a reduction of quantal amplitudes (amplitude occlusion) in pairs of con

31 synaptic scaling involves uniform scaling of quantal amplitudes across all synaptic inputs formed on

32 reases the presynaptic vesicle size, reduces quantal amplitudes and evoked synaptic transmission and

33 lysis reveals that AMPA/NMDA ratios and AMPA quantal amplitudes increase during the first postnatal w

34 e was measured directly by comparing unitary quantal amplitudes of paired EPSCs before and during 5-H

35 Bayesian Quantal Analysis (BQA) of evoked EPSCs showed that the n

36 Using quantal analysis and mEPSP analysis, we demonstrate that

37 This verification supports the use of quantal analysis at central synapses.

38 Quantal analysis demonstrated that the effects of LPS on

39 Quantal analysis estimates showed a large number of conv

40 g in presynaptic axonal boutons with optical quantal analysis in postsynaptic dendritic spines to fin

41 Quantal analysis indicated that the synaptic perturbatio

42 Quantal analysis of NMJs in two different mouse models o

43 Quantal analysis of synaptic responses during cL-LTP(mGl

44 Although quantal analysis revealed both presynaptic and postsynap

45 A quantal analysis revealed that neither the charge of sin

46 However, unlike the traditional quantal analysis that attributes the quantal size change

47 ing protein (CREB) during induction, and (2) quantal analysis to identify synaptic changes during mai

48 ken together, these results expand classical quantal analysis to incorporate endocytic and exocytic p

49 onstruction, combined with a novel method of quantal analysis, showed that the strong inhibitory inpu

50 Using quantal analysis, we determined the quantity of blood cl

51 Using two-photon optical quantal analysis, we first demonstrate robust presynapti

52 tion, which verifies the basic assumption of quantal analysis--the same mechanism controls the quanta

53 improved neurological outcome measured using quantal analysis.

54 elease, underscoring their value for optical quantal analysis.

55 ometry revealed that release of dopamine was quantal and calcium-dependent, but quantal size was much

56 The release of FM1-43 was quantal and occurred in abrupt steps, each representing

57 Due to the quantal and stochastic nature of release, discrete distr

58 ynchrony, distinct from previously described quantal asynchrony.

59 HT2C) receptor, global analysis of construct quantal brightness was consistent with the predominant f

60 IDA for use in a two-dimensional system with quantal brightnesses, a method was developed to quantify

61 rst and cooperative gating kinetics provided quantal Ca(2+) increases (i.e., steps of fixed amplitude

62 vity with a timescale comparable to that for quantal Ca2+ release was observed under any steady ligan

63 s of intracellular Ca2+ signaling, including quantal Ca2+ release, by tuning ligand sensitivities of

64 ny schemes have been proposed to account for quantal Ca2+ release, including the presence of heteroge

65 To clarify the molecular mechanisms behind quantal Ca2+ release, the graded Ca2+ release from intra

66 to the single InsP3R channel can account for quantal Ca2+ release.

67 h will enable high-throughput measurement of quantal catecholamine release simultaneously with optica

68 ting persistent presynaptic and postsynaptic quantal changes at excitatory synapses in inhibitory loc

69 nce-dose (ID) models need to account for the quantal characteristics of cellular switches that contri

70 1 degrees Mn) type depresses and has a large quantal content (Qc) and a high release probability (Pr)

71 vesicle refilling prevented upregulation of quantal content (QC), while leaving baseline release rel

72 nerve-muscle preparations revealed that the quantal content (the number of ACh quanta released per n

73 Increasing quantal content also prolonged decay times of pharmacolo

74 ar junction is unique in having a very small quantal content and a high release probability under con

75 used by both a PKC-dependent increase of the quantal content and a PKC-independent increase of the qu

76 adily releasable pool of vesicles diminishes quantal content and antagonizes the postsynaptic enhance

77 dulation but not binding in vitro, increased quantal content and decreased paired-pulse and tetanic f

78 n 1A-calcium channel interactions, decreased quantal content at these synapses and increased paired-p

79 pha3*-nAChR currents are prolonged at higher quantal content because of ACh spillover and postsynapti

80 n FUS-ALS flies, consistent with a change in quantal content but not quantal size.

81 C) enhances synaptic release probability and quantal content but reduces the size of the ready-releas

82 alcium concentration, which may increase the quantal content by activation of protein kinase C (PKC).

83 ready showed, respectively, lower and higher quantal content compared with WT mice, before signs of M

84 obability of release of neurotransmitter and quantal content is increased, yet the abundance of the p

85 Elevating quantal content lengthened EPSC decay time and prolonged

86 SCs in GCL neurons provided estimates of the quantal content of evoked EPSCs.

87 Cs occurs as a consequence of a low baseline quantal content of evoked IPSCs using whole cell patch-c

88 IH rats we clearly show that CIH reduced the quantal content of the TS-eEPSCs without affecting the q

89 Thus, the quantal content per unit area of synaptic contact was no

90 The effect upon EPSC decay time of changing quantal content was 5-10 times more pronounced for alpha

91 Prolongation of EPC decay was reversed when quantal content was lowered by reducing extracellular ca

92 r of vesicles released per action potential (quantal content) in R6/2 muscle, which analysis of eEPC

93 ude of evoked release (endplate current) and quantal content, (3) age-dependent changes in the extent

94 (flx) soleus muscles, one with high (mature) quantal content, and another with low (immature) quantal

95 striking reduction of the endplate potential quantal content, consistent with additional presynaptic

96 n quantal size and a concomitant decrease in quantal content, suggesting functional consequences for

97 rease in both synaptic quantal amplitude and quantal content, the latter inferred from an increase in

98 ese features in combination indicate reduced quantal content.

99 ations in synaptic transmission with reduced quantal content.

100 neous neurotransmitter release frequency and quantal content.

101 as a result of both reduced quantal size and quantal content.

102 tal content, and another with low (immature) quantal content.

103 regulate the biochemical realization of its quantal-count threshold with respect to its Q(count).

104 duced efficiency, due to a necessarily fixed quantal-count threshold.

105 cal block of desensitization to identify the quantal determinants of short-term plasticity and combin

106 This enables a quantal dissection of the local calcium puffs that const

107 The quantal dose-response calculator (QDREC) constitutes a s

108 xonal branches is preceded by a reduction in quantal efficacy.

109 we find that a combination of significantly quantal elements, six of seven atoms being hydrogen, bec

110 se-response relationships for all (including quantal) endpoints can be recast as relating to an under

111 stablishing the magnitude of the fundamental quantal event at this peripheral sensory synapse, we pro

112 n average of just seven receptors mediates a quantal event.

113 In addition, much larger quantal events (>1 pC) occurred at predominantly axonal

114 f calcium (Ca2+) was applied to study evoked quantal events before and after LTP induction at the sam

115 s and stellate cells by triggering bursts of quantal events either with alpha-latrotoxin or with high

116 Analysis of desynchronized quantal events established that the number of GABAergic

117 c currents and the frequency of asynchronous quantal events, and abolishes the activity-induced recru

118 synapses, have fewer spontaneous inhibitory quantal events, and exhibit reduced expression of inhibi

119 Quantal events, consistent with exocytotic release of no

120 hronous neurotransmitter release and produce quantal events.

121 ffers a significant metabolic advantage over quantal excitatory postsynaptic currents--an advantage t

122 evice will enable high-throughput studies of quantal exocytosis and may also find application in rapi

123 alyte ferricyanide and perform recordings of quantal exocytosis from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

124 indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to measure quantal exocytosis from cells in microfluidic channels.

125 scharge their contents during the process of quantal exocytosis, but microfabricated devices offer th

126 crochips in order to automate measurement of quantal exocytosis.

127 transmitter from individual vesicles, i.e., quantal exocytosis.

128 by spontaneous photopigment activation or by quantal fluctuations in photon absorption, but was inste

129 During the second postnatal week the quantal frequency but not the quantal amplitude of synap

130 Quantal frequency is not limited by vesicle number or im

131 Thus, the higher quantal frequency seen in null-side pairs results from a

132 Increases in quantal frequency were invariably found in the absence o

133 Asynchronous, quantal GABA release can be triggered by Ca(2)(+) influx

134 ptor agonist (JWH133 or GP1a) for 7-10 days, quantal glutamate release became more frequent and spine

135 and is comparable to the measured exocytotic quantal glutamate release in amperometric glutamate sens

136 ess that is absolutely necessary to preserve quantal glycine content in synaptic vesicles.

137 al glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) to maintain quantal glycine content in synaptic vesicles.

138 Electrophysiology and quantal imaging revealed evoked release was elevated 2-f

139 how these constraints give rise to adaptive quantal information sampling in time, which maximises in

140 Our main message is that stochasticity in quantal information sampling is less noise and more proc

141 pens dynamically through stochastic adaptive quantal information sampling.

142 bition of PVN neuronal activity: a synaptic, quantal inhibitory modality (IPSCs, I(phasic)) and a sus

143 uctances allows three modes of transmission: quantal, ion accumulation and resistive coupling to be m

144 s potentiation to an increase in the size of quantal IPSC, suggesting a strengthening of the postsyna

145 MeAIB effects on minimal stimulation-evoked quantal IPSCs (meIPSCs).

146 mplitude in L2/3 neurons or the amplitude of quantal L4-L2/3 synaptic responses measured in strontium

147 We clarified the quantal mechanisms and the involvement of Synapsin I (Sy

148 elet decomposition, we develop the notion of quantal meta-surfaces.

149 ide flashes (mSOFs) are stochastic events of quantal mitochondrial superoxide generation.

150 f the connections could be described using a quantal model that assumed simple binomial statistics.

151 -adapted vision approaches limits set by the quantal nature of light.

152 ntact vertebrate central nervous system, the quantal nature of synaptic transmission is difficult to

153 The quantal nature of synaptic transmission requires a mecha

154 ease, but precise encoding is limited by the quantal nature of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.

155 ation with green glutamate sensors to relate quantal neurotransmission to presynaptic Ca(2+) kinetics

156 a whole brain with eye attached preparation, quantal neurotransmission was examined in the turtle bra

157 inherent response variability expected from quantal neurotransmitter release, and thereby confers th

158 napsin II (-) terminals had a higher rate of quantal neurotransmitter release.

159 We find that quantal NMDAR calcium signals increase in amplitude as t

160 Extrapolating the measured quantal noise of transgenic cone pigment to native human

161 This quantal noise produces a dark light of approximately 0.0

162 major determining factor for the slope of a quantal, population concentration-response curve is indi

163 We demonstrate that yolk proteolysis is a quantal process in which a subset of dormant YPs within

164 flash amplitudes suggests they represent the quantal product of one or more polyribosomes, while inte

165 d the release of ATP that directly activated quantal purinergic currents in the pyramidal neurons.

166 ic and postsynaptic sites by increasing both quantal release and expression of AChR subunits and othe

167 eveals largely normal synaptic transmission, quantal release and trans-synaptic homeostatic compensat

168 rably greater than typically measured during quantal release at cultured neurons.

169 s accumulate neurotransmitters, enabling the quantal release by exocytosis that underlies synaptic tr

170 ggest why each active zone averages only one quantal release event during every other action potentia

171 that a change in the efficacy of spontaneous quantal release events is sufficient to trigger the indu

172 icotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) from motoneurons

173 euroendocrine chromaffin cells, altering the quantal release of catecholamines.

174 ATP is accompanied by a drastic fall in the quantal release of catecholamines.

175 Kinetic analysis of miniature EPSCs revealed quantal release of mixed events associating AMPARs and N

176 bending or direct application of JA caused a quantal release of oxidizable material from gland cells

177 The quantal release of serotonin was quantitatively characte

178 Unsurprisingly, higher quantal release rates (Q(rates)) yield higher efficienci

179 h components reflect variations in hair-cell quantal release rates and are eliminated by pharmacologi

180 ipophylic dye FM1-43 and focal recordings of quantal release to investigate how synapsin affects vesi

181 nt reduction in the frequency of spontaneous quantal release with no change in quantal size.

182 nals reduced vesicular docking and inhibited quantal release, indicating a direct and selective synap

183 of presynaptic syt-IV increased spontaneous quantal release, whereas a loss of postsynaptic syt-IV i

184 for regulating vesicle docking and, in turn, quantal release.

185 although synapsin did not affect the rate of quantal release.

186 tter into the lumen of synaptic vesicles for quantal release.

187 We addressed this with novel quantal resolution imaging of transmission during locomo

188 on simultaneously at many release sites with quantal resolution.

189 nd production predicted by Nash Equilibrium, Quantal Response Equilibrium, level-k cognition, fictiti

190 Fusion of a single vesicle induces a quantal response, which is critical in determining synap

191 neural mechanisms that selectively transmit quantal responses and suppress noise.

192 Single quantal responses displayed normal dark-adapted kinetics

193 Vesicular release, detected as quantal responses in the postsynaptic neuron, showed an

194 ic photoreceptor responses, governed by four quantal sampling factors (limitations): (i) the number o

195 s of exocytotic events, and (iii) monitoring quantal secretory events from thin slices of the adrenal

196 s and deconvolution of resulting EPSCs using quantal signals as template.

197 pe vs CaSR(-/-) pairs) with little change in quantal size (23 +/- 4 pA vs 22 +/- 4 pA) or number of r

198 asticity expression components, reduction in quantal size (a postsynaptic property) contributing to L

199 However, the quantal size (amplitude of miniature end-plate currents)

200 rom an average of 19 release sites (N) and a quantal size (q) of 34.0 +/- 4.7 pA.

201 Release probability (P(r)) and quantal size (Q), as measured at the somatic recording s

202 of neurotransmitter release (Pr), and large quantal size (Q).

203 rometric spike half-widths without change in quantal size after either myosin II inhibition or actin

204 logical analysis demonstrated an increase in quantal size and a concomitant decrease in quantal conte

205 nfirmed by estimates of release probability, quantal size and contact number at the AOB-to-ACP synaps

206 tic transmission as a result of both reduced quantal size and quantal content.

207 ase in striatal slices and reductions in the quantal size and release frequency of catecholamine in d

208 These data demonstrate that ACh controls the quantal size and release frequency of glutamate at haben

209 The quantal size and shape characteristics of amperometric e

210 ocytosis modes and their roles in regulating quantal size and synaptic strength, generating synaptic

211 in synaptic vesicles determines postsynaptic quantal size and thus the strength of synaptic transmiss

212 olecular determinants of vesicle filling and quantal size are regulated by neuronal activity in an op

213 However, quantal size at basket cell-to-granule cell synapses was

214 onsolidation resulting in a normalization of quantal size at the few remaining functional synapses.

215 We observed no differences in quantal size between control and occluded mice.

216 changes in transporter expression that alter quantal size can affect behavior.

217 itional quantal analysis that attributes the quantal size change to a postsynaptic mechanism, the pre

218 ytosis affects short-term plasticity through quantal size changes.

219 The quantal size distribution was modulated by treatment wit

220 analysis revealed a gradual augmentation in quantal size during trains of EPSCs, and application of

221 auses a transient reduction in AMPA receptor quantal size followed by synaptic consolidation resultin

222 ssion, expressed as a compensatory change in quantal size following chronic activity perturbation, is

223 a2+ produces a reduction in the postsynaptic quantal size in addition to its known effect on release

224 e fusion, parallels PTP, suggesting that the quantal size increase also contributes to the PTP genera

225 These data suggest that the quantal size increase contributes to the enhancement of

226 We conclude that an activity-dependent quantal size increase contributes to the enhancement of

227 Furthermore, it is unclear whether the quantal size increase is also mediated by PKC.

228 e of our previous studies, suggests that the quantal size increase is caused by a presynaptic mechani

229 osmolarity influences quantal size, causing quantal size increases under hypotonic conditions, presu

230 Presynaptic regulation of quantal size is an appealing mechanism for changing syna

231 the calcium-dependent effect on postsynaptic quantal size is mediated by group 1 metabotropic glutama

232 Quantal size is the postsynaptic response to the release

233 oading into synaptic vesicles, and increased quantal size of asynchronous released vesicles but did n

234 ms: an increase in the frequency but not the quantal size of Ca2+ syntillas, which are brief, focal C

235 expression of VNUT drastically increases the quantal size of exocytotic events.

236 al analysis--the same mechanism controls the quantal size of spontaneous and evoked release.

237 ntent of the TS-eEPSCs without affecting the quantal size or release probability, suggesting a reduct

238 creased amplitude reflects a decrease in the quantal size per mf-CA3 synapse and in the number of act

239 with postsynaptic changes that maintain the quantal size per release site.

240 , then, likely a reflection of the increased quantal size rather than any direct effect on exocytosis

241 Ag stimulation and is characterized by large quantal size release events.

242 hand, the presynaptic factors that determine quantal size remain poorly understood.

243 The regulation of quantal size through pre- rather than postsynaptic mecha

244 However, determination of the unitary, quantal size underlying such putatively multiquantal eve

245 , suggesting that [Glu]v is a main source of quantal size variation.

246 Quantal size varies at most synapses.

247 Quantal size was measured directly by comparing unitary

248 amine was quantal and calcium-dependent, but quantal size was much less than expected for large dense

249 When elimination was underway, AMPA-R quantal size was much reduced for the weakest terminals.

250 Quantal size was not altered following SNAT2 induction o

251 lease probability sharply increased, whereas quantal size was unaltered.

252 influx, readily releasable SV pool size, and quantal size were unaltered, the reduced synaptic streng

253 one dimensions correlate with an increase in quantal size without a change in presynaptic vesicle siz

254 otransmitter content of individual vesicles (quantal size), whereas deletion of all AP-3 produces a d

255 ts of transmitter per vesicle (i.e., reduced quantal size).

256 TRPM7 affects EPSP quantal size, an intrinsic property of synaptic vesicle

257 learance and little delayed release, a large quantal size, and fast AMPA-type glutamate receptors.

258 ionally, extracellular osmolarity influences quantal size, causing quantal size increases under hypot

259 Spermidine did not affect quantal size, consistent with a presynaptic mechanism of

260 nt GABAergic neurons show reduced inhibitory quantal size, consistent with a presynaptic reduction in

261 to enhanced transmitter release and a larger quantal size, indicating enhanced responsiveness to indi

262 along axons had a distribution with the same quantal size, indicating that a vesicle releases all the

263 c K(+) at a glutamatergic synapse influenced quantal size, indicating that synaptic vesicle K(+)/H(+)

264 This study reports how quantal size, or the quantity of chemical messengers wit

265 CIH also produced no changes in TS-eEPSC quantal size, since the amplitudes of both low calcium-e

266 naptic transmission as a result of increased quantal size, suggesting that the loss of Caz in animals

267 While elevated VGLUT expression increases quantal size, the minimum number of transporters require

268 ic strength onto PNs as a result of a larger quantal size, whereas autaptic and heterosynaptic PV-PV

269 d, exocytosis of compound vesicles increases quantal size, which increases synaptic strength and cont

270 Lowering clathrin levels also reduces quantal size, which occurs concomitantly with a decrease

271 ent with a change in quantal content but not quantal size.

272 eases in release probability or postsynaptic quantal size.

273 oorly understood but are key determinants of quantal size.

274 synaptic vesicles (SV) and thereby regulate quantal size.

275 ontent and a PKC-independent increase of the quantal size.

276 distinct, presynaptic mechanism to regulate quantal size.

277 uestions about the presynaptic regulation of quantal size.

278 esicle filling also contribute to changes in quantal size.

279 t this synapse, involves a reduction in EPSC quantal size.

280 pontaneous quantal release with no change in quantal size.

281 that intracellular Ca2+ stores can regulate quantal size.

282 amplitude miniature IPSCs and larger BC-->GC quantal size.

283 ion with pHoenix only slightly increased the quantal size.

284 ncentration and thus controlled postsynaptic quantal size.

285 ine reduces synaptic vesicle transmitter and quantal size.

286 of all AP-3 produces a dramatic increase in quantal size; these changes were correlated with alterat

287 Here, we reveal how individual quantal-sized corticothalamic EPSPs propagate within tha

288 f AMPAR miniature events and compromised the quantal sizes of both AMPAR and NMDAR currents evoked at

289 bility fluctuation analysis revealed similar quantal sizes, but 4-times more functional release sites

290 Parameters such as the quantal step size (e.g., current passing through a singl

291 necessary to trigger increases in excitatory quantal strength, few studies have been able to examine

292 Deprivation also increased the amplitude of quantal synaptic currents mediated by AMPA- and NMDA-typ

293 to elicit postsynaptic responses larger than quantal synaptic noise.

294 Analysis of quantal synaptic transmission in a TARP gamma-4 knockout

295 e showed no difference in either spontaneous quantal synaptic transmission or low frequency evoked sy

296 The synaptic delay of quantal transmission added a phase lag at frequencies ab

297 Calcium influx that enables quantal transmission also activates I(BK) , an effect th

298 lity with reduced synaptic fidelity, reduced quantal transmission, and more orphaned presynaptic and

299 ubstances at high concentrations, supporting quantal transmission.

300 and strontium, showing that they result from quantal transmitter release at single release sites.