ライフサイエンスコーパス: quaternary

1 of large terrestrial forms at the end of the Quaternary.

2 ations during MIS3 and at other times in the Quaternary.

3 isphere (NH) at 17 time-slices that span the Quaternary.

4 sses are usually assumed constant during the Quaternary.

5 stribution of biomes occurred throughout the Quaternary.

6 ring glacial-interglacial cycles of the Late Quaternary.

7 rcescent forests matched throughout the late Quaternary.

8 fferent condensate phases within the S:P:H:L quaternary.

9 ly procedure for the synthesis of diverse C4-quaternary 3,4-dihydroquinazolines from amides, amines,

10 n the Iberian Peninsula (IP) during the Late Quaternary, a period of profound climate and anthropic c

11 ssified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, according to the injury type.

12 tion temperatures were allocated to specific quaternary aggregates.

13 mediated reaction is used to couple an alpha-quaternary aldehyde with a vinyl iodide.

14 Using a series of quaternary alkyl ammonium cations ([Formula: see text],

15 hexagonal (h-) and cubic (c-) phase AlGaInN quaternary alloys are investigated using a unified and a

16 opure products under acid conditions reveals quaternary alpha-alkenyl amino acids with stereodivergen

17 n the interlayer, decreasing the penalty for quaternary amine sorption.

18 interaction between an aromatic residue and quaternary amine substrates allows us to delineate a sub

19 E. limosum might demethylate proatherogenic quaternary amines and contribute to the perceived health

20 e presence of proline betaine and that other quaternary amines are much less preferred substrates.

21 Other quaternary amines were not substrates.

22 or acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, quaternary amines, and cholesteryl/cholesteryl esters.

23 pound surface area as occurs from primary to quaternary amines.

24 lefins for the generation of unnatural gamma-quaternary amino acids and other valuable synthetic targ

25 been little work on selective recognition of quaternary ammonium (Q(+)) ion pairs.

26 A quaternary ammonium betaine 7 is described which shows e

27 racellular Ca(2+); these were insensitive to quaternary ammonium block.

28 made by coating the electrode surface with a quaternary ammonium cation (R(4) N(+) ) surfactant, was

29 ctinide separation processes that widely use quaternary ammonium cations as extractants or in room te

30 lkyl carbon, alkylphosphocholines (APCs) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) had significant cha

31 tron reactions, namely, the decomposition of quaternary ammonium compounds and the conversion of trif

32 The quaternary ammonium function, which should prevent the c

33 Pairwise comparison revealed that the quaternary ammonium group imparted a strong affinity of

34 The influence of the quaternary ammonium group is mitigated in polyfluoroalky

35 on through a pai-cation interaction with the quaternary ammonium group.

36 anion-exchange membrane bearing conventional quaternary ammonium groups (Gu-0).

37 avity that exhibits a great affinity for the quaternary ammonium guests, originating from favorable c

38 Here we tested two newly developed quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) against endodon

39 eded under the catalysis of Cinchona-derived quaternary ammonium phenoxide that, in combination with

40 atalyzed by a cobalt salen complex bearing a quaternary ammonium salt, yields the poly(propylene-co-g

41 y available and inexpensive Cinchona-derived quaternary ammonium salts.

42 Oxidation of quaternary ammonium substrate, carnitine by non-heme iro

43 Polymeric quaternary ammonium with three different alkyl chain len

44 e hydrophilicity and antibacterial activity, quaternary ammonium-functionalized amphiphilic diblock c

45 ides a comprehensive description of both the quaternary and internal symmetries in known membrane pro

46 ed from commodity materials, but also allows quaternary and tertiary centers to be installed in a sin

47 the stereodivergent construction of vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters in similarly high

48 ectron-deficient double bond to form vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters with high fidelity

49 in the stereoselective formation of vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters.

50 etabolites in which 10 of the 20 carbons are quaternary, and 7 of them are contiguous.

51 , a publicly available benchmark set of both quaternary- and internal-symmetries in membrane protein

52 lonal antibodies led to the discovery of six quaternary antigenic sites with strong neutralizing acti

53 The unexpected asymmetric quaternary architecture illustrates how the paradoxical

54 The structures help to clarify the quaternary architecture of Type III-A effector complexes

55 retrovirus core particles and a tertiary and quaternary arrangement of the capsid (CA) C-terminal dom

56 ts involvement in the cellular stability and quaternary arrangement of the KEOPS complex.

57 scheme for identification of native protein quaternary assemblies (binders/nonbinders) based on stat

58 visualized interactions, and perhaps involve quaternary assembly or membrane-interacting regions.

59 characterize the effect of isomerization on quaternary assembly, we utilized synthetic peptide mimic

60 study contributes to unveil the complex Late-Quaternary biogeography of the ecotone belt occupied by

61 ed decarboxylative allylation to install the quaternary bridgehead center.

62 %) with complete control of the newly formed quaternary C16' stereochemistry.

63 yzed carbonyl reductive coupling to form the quaternary C4 stereocenter, diastereoselective alkene re

64 probably reflecting steric protection at the quaternary CAAC carbon.

65 w surgical devices and procedures at a large quaternary cancer care center.

66 diboron reagents to products that contain a quaternary carbon and a synthetically versatile carbon-b

67 hesis of chiral homoallylic amines bearing a quaternary carbon and an alkenylboron is disclosed.

68 are heterocyclic amines possessing a chiral quaternary carbon atom in their heterocyclic ring.

69 ncorporating a cycloalkyl group linked via a quaternary carbon atom, with up to 40-fold increased pot

70 A quaternary carbon bears four other carbon substituents o

71 ety of functionality can be installed at the quaternary carbon by using 1,2-disubstituted dienes.

72 Formation of the quaternary carbon center in citridone B is catalyzed by

73 eoselective nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon center, with pure inversion of configu

74 and, Fro-DO, that promotes the generation of quaternary carbon centers via Ni-catalyzed Csp(3)-Csp(3)

75 rt a biocatalytic method for the creation of quaternary carbon centers with broad substrate scope, le

76 t the allylic position to forge tertiary and quaternary carbon centers.

77 ivatives with alpha-secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon centers.

78 The quaternary carbon is a predominant feature of natural pr

79 The spirocyclic quaternary carbon positioned at the center of a bioactiv

80 The presence of a quaternary carbon stereocenter allows the exploration of

81 lop sp(3)-rich molecules, boosted utility of quaternary carbon stereocenters in bioactive compounds.

82 spective will inspire the chemist to utilize quaternary carbon stereocenters to enhance potency, sele

83 ry homoallylic alcohols containing a vicinal quaternary carbon stereogenic center and a versatile alk

84 lt-to-access vicinal beta-tertiary and gamma-quaternary carbon stereogenic centers and an alkenylboro

85 e bulky hydrocarbon fragment is joined via a quaternary carbon to the highly hindered concave face of

86 dary alcohols 3a-3u that incorporate acyclic quaternary carbon-containing stereodiads.

87 The congested nature of quaternary carbons hinders their preparation, most notab

88 od for the construction of boron-substituted quaternary carbons or diarylquaternary carbons by arylbo

89 een identified that promote the formation of quaternary carbons via Ni-catalyzed Csp(3)-Csp(3) cross-

90 ks in HMBC that result from the highly dense quaternary carbons, as well as theoretical calculations.

91 bstituted cyclohexanone ring system with two quaternary carbons, has been achieved in seven steps in

92 nactivated alkyl halides, yielding aliphatic quaternary carbons.

93 om racemic nucleophiles to afford stereopure quaternary carbons.

94 patients consecutively admitted to a single quaternary care center from March 27 to April 10, 2020,

95 ging examinations performed at a large urban quaternary care hospital from January 1 to December 31,

96 ary 1, 2010, through December 31, 2019, at a quaternary care hospital in New York City.

97 major hepatic resection (>=3 segments) at a quaternary care institution were included (2013-2019).

98 ection in the emergency department (ED) of a quaternary care medical center.

99 terocycles" and d) the "THP" moiety with C20 quaternary center (in gelsemine).

100 ed secondary free radical to form a bond and quaternary center adjacent to another quaternary center.

101 owing a 6-exo-carbopalladation to generate a quaternary center and avoiding a direct Suzuki coupling.

102 The presence of more than one quaternary center and the availability of multiple funct

103 route to pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines with a quaternary center at C-10 has been developed, which impl

104 nd ribo-like analogues bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at C3'.

105 ucleoside analogues bearing a C2' all-carbon quaternary center is described.

106 case of 1,2-arylboration, the formation of a quaternary center occurred through a rare cross-coupling

107 olecular cyclization to establish the spiral quaternary center of the tricyclic framework from steric

108 finalize the asymmetric formation of an aza-quaternary center that is challenging to access in optic

109 ed concisely by using a strategically chosen quaternary center to guide the formation of the other th

110 ompletely selective for the formation of the quaternary center, allowing different substitution patte

111 ion of an enyne to establish the second core quaternary center, and regiospecific functionalizations

112 nd and quaternary center adjacent to another quaternary center.

113 -of nitrogen heterocycles featuring a chiral quaternary center.

114 s containing a fluorosubstituted stereogenic quaternary center.

115 functionalization at C12 to set a requisite quaternary center.

116 genic centers, one of which is an all-carbon quaternary center.

117 es an intramolecular rearrangement to form a quaternary center.

118 genic centers, one of which is an all-carbon quaternary center.

119 class); b) the "piroxindole" moiety with C7 quaternary center; c) the "N-heterocycles" and d) the "T

120 ee contiguous stereogenic centers, including quaternary centers and spirocyclic ring systems.

121 isclose a three-component strategy to access quaternary centers bearing nitriles by cobalt-catalyzed

122 s, and it enables the expedient formation of quaternary centers from easily available starting materi

123 ration of tetrahydroisoquinolines bearing C4-quaternary centers from the corresponding isoquinolines.

124 ligand we have been able to construct alpha-quaternary centers in good yields (up to 91 % yield) and

125 pare homoallylic alcohols containing acyclic quaternary centers is disclosed.

126 The four contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers of waihoensene, coupled with the abse

127 sible to install three contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers using this method.

128 esis of ketones with alpha-halogen atoms and quaternary centers with four-different carbon substituen

129 ions result in the formation of tertiary and quaternary centers, and give products that would be othe

130 el catalysis has enabled the construction of quaternary centers.

131 hesis of medicinally relevant motifs bearing quaternary centers.

132 leading to the formation of enantioenriched quaternary centers.

133 struction of sterically congested all-carbon quaternary centers.

134 y functionalized dihydroquinolinones bearing quaternary centers.

135 of otherwise difficult to prepare all-carbon quaternary centers.

136 gem-dialkyl, gem-cycloalkyl, and spirocyclic quaternary centers.

137 at if a synthesis is designed such that each quaternary centre is deliberately leveraged to simplify

138 The presence of a quaternary centre-a carbon with four other carbons bonde

139 conformational restriction, the formation of quaternary centres can be achieved reliably by only a fe

140 rable to establish alternative ways in which quaternary centres can positively affect and guide synth

141 For example, quaternary centres induce large rate enhancements in cyc

142 Similarly, the addition of quaternary centres to a drug candidate can enhance both

143 ple, the vicinal all-carbon(8), oxa- and aza-quaternary centres(9) in molecules such as azadirachtin(

144 r synthetic complexity that contain multiple quaternary centres.

145 Quaternary chalcopyrite, i.e., Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) nano

146 erwent liver transplant for LFUE at a single quaternary children's hospital; 51/65 cases could be age

147 eal intubation in operating theatres at four quaternary children's hospitals in the USA and one in Au

148 Its parallels to Quaternary climate change have inspired recent investiga

149 n with gene flow across species, mediated by Quaternary climate oscillations that have facilitated a

150 The peptide/siRNA quaternary complex forms stoichiometric, 10 nm nanoparti

151 ed a mobility-shifted agonist.CLR.RAMP.mG(s) quaternary complex gel band that was sensitive to antago

152 Here we describe a peptide/siRNA quaternary complex that functions as an siRNA delivery s

153 In this paper, the growth of a new quaternary compound Cd(0.9)Zn(0.1)Te(0.98)Se(0.02) by th

154 es, which uncovered substantial tertiary and quaternary conformational rearrangements.

155 ing site bolster envelope trimer binding via quaternary contacts.

156 Growth of the new quaternary crystal Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te(1-y)Se(y) (CZTS) by th

157 nic centers, in addition to a cyclic ternary/quaternary derivative.

158 Gel-permeation chromatography with quaternary detection (GPC-4D) has been previously applie

159 binding affinity of P[5]AS and P[6]AS toward quaternary (di)ammonium ions renders them prime candidat

160 in a closed conformation by recognition of a quaternary epitope spanning two adjacent receptor-bindin

161 w the antibody binds to a prefusion-specific quaternary epitope, conserved in NiV F and HeV F glycopr

162 ons were found that increase presentation of quaternary epitopes associated with properly conformed t

163 powerful neutralizing antibodies recognized quaternary epitopes that overlap with the domains at the

164 Drugs that allosterically shift the quaternary equilibrium from the polymerizing T quaternar

165 rivatives afforded 9H-hydroxy-functionalized quaternary fluorene derivatives in excellent yield.

166 hthalide derivatives, which present a chiral quaternary gamma-carbon in good to excellent yields and

167 specific subdivisions were shaped during the Quaternary glaciations.

168 history of the Norway spruce Picea abies in Quaternary has affected its host-associated herbivorous

169 play between tertiary structure dynamics and quaternary hierarchical structure formation remains uncl

170 gh relief areas and in soils formed from Q4 (Quaternary Holocene) grey-brown alluvium and Q4 grey all

171 Northeast Atlantic climate shifted into the Quaternary Ice Age around 2.6 M yr ago.

172 ermian transition (CPT) was Earth's last pre-Quaternary icehouse-greenhouse transition, recording maj

173 region 3 (FR3) loop of VRC03, which mediates quaternary interaction, onto several potent bNAbs, enabl

174 d by taking into account binary, ternary and quaternary interactions between elements involved.

175 torical connection among river basins during Quaternary low-sea-level periods.

176 round 200,000 years ago-well before the late Quaternary megafaunal extinction event.

177 ned history of repeated Ag encounters (i.e., quaternary memory) showed increased sensitivity to tumor

178 cyanotoxins as well as binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures.

179 oform solvents and their binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures.

180 ed with BK virus-like particles revealed the quaternary nature of a conserved viral epitope at the ju

181 f functionalities, including rarely reported quaternary nitroalkene substitution and heteroaromatic a

182 with the C(2)-site directly attached to the quaternary nitrogen possessing greater electrophilicity.

183 t zinc(II) Pcs with carboxylate functions or quaternary nitrogens (hydrophilic anionic, hydrophilic c

184 ammonium ions over secondary, tertiary, and quaternary ones.

185 al of these methods, a 4D parameter space of quaternary OPV blends is mapped and optimized for photos

186 n ternary systems and high-entropy alloys in quaternary or quinary systems, alluding to their high de

187 This structure illuminates capsid protein quaternary organization, including its orientation relat

188 yielding the phase-pure P2-Na(2)Mn(2)FeO(6) quaternary oxide with high uniformity of metal ion distr

189 We find that the effects of Quaternary paleoclimatic change are strongest in the Afr

190 Quaternary paleontological and archaeological evidence o

191 As the Quaternary period began at a below-average decay-clock t

192 refugia during glacial advances in the late Quaternary Period.

193 proposed mechanism involves the formation of quaternary phosphonium salt, which undergoes single elec

194 The active site in the quaternary Pol mu complex is poised for catalysis and nu

195 , pre-existing knowledge of the tertiary and quaternary protein structure is often required to genera

196 ame composition as Al(0.4)Ga(0.07)In(0.53)As quaternary random alloy (RA).

197 profound engraftment defect in tertiary and quaternary recipients.

198 tween 2015 and 2018, patients with NSTI at a quaternary referral center were followed up for the outc

199 g of tertiary (residue-residue contacts) and quaternary (rigid-body contacts) networks that mediate r

200 mediated reactions with a recoverable chiral quaternary salt (10 mol %) as catalyst in fluorobenzene-

201 s; however, the synthetic literature on this quaternary semiconductor is sparse and it has yet to be

202 ategies for developing successful ternary or quaternary solar cells are likely very different for D18

203 s a bulky moiety because of the two adjacent quaternary sp(3) -hydribized carbon atoms in its diol ba

204 n of authentic ancient DNA molecules in Late Quaternary speleothems opens up a new paleogenetic archi

205 the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) from Late Quaternary stalagmites from two caves in Western Georgia

206 quaternary state (T-State) PolyhHb, relaxed quaternary state (R-State) PolyhHb, and a non O2 carryin

207 exchange (large volume) infusion of a tense quaternary state (T-State) PolyhHb, relaxed quaternary s

208 n (PolyhHb), in the relaxed (R) or tense (T) quaternary state modulates O(2) delivery to hypoxic (FME

209 Quaternary states and their changes are closely connecte

210 ion of homoallylic alcohols with an adjacent quaternary (stereo)center is reported.

211 bility to selectively form a new, all-carbon quaternary stereocenter at the gamma-position of the ami

212 delta-lactones featuring a CF(3)-substituted quaternary stereocenter in high yields with excellent en

213 figuration of the isolated, highly symmetric quaternary stereocenter of the target molecules was cont

214 ous stereogenic centers, one of them being a quaternary stereocenter substituted with a CF(3) group,

215 g with an exocyclic olefin and an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter.

216 The remarkable power to create quaternary stereocenters bearing multiple functionalitie

217 enzyme can also alkylate and form all-carbon quaternary stereocenters on structurally similar lactone

218 olefinations provide trifluoromethyl-bearing quaternary stereocenters substituted with alkenes, alkyn

219 A variety of C3-allyl 1H-indazoles with quaternary stereocenters were efficiently prepared with

220 proceeded efficiently to generate all-carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivi

221 ith high enantiocontrol of the newly created quaternary stereocenters.

222 c acids containing alpha-chiral tertiary and quaternary stereocenters.

223 noncanonical amino acids bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.

224 oxindoles and form C-C bonds leading to new quaternary stereocenters.

225 lation reaction to introduce the key vicinal quaternary stereocenters.

226 ive construction of chiral molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters.

227 uents furnished chiral amines that feature a quaternary stereocentre.

228 lyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction to build a quaternary stereogenic center and a rapid cationic Au-ca

229 xcellent stereocontrol in the formation of a quaternary stereogenic center at the ring fusion.

230 -membered carbocycles, bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center through remote stereocontr

231 ized polycycles containing three tertiary or quaternary stereogenic centers in a linear array.

232 ntaining two new sigma-bonds and two vicinal quaternary stereogenic centers were formed under mild re

233 emic carboxylic acids containing tertiary or quaternary stereogenic centers.

234 eractions of the C-terminal domain mimic the quaternary structural interactions of the classic ALDH s

235 However, current details regarding the quaternary structural organization of the MPER within th

236 in combination with BCCP1, best support this quaternary-structural organization and catalytic activat

237 sylation of CCH, FLH, and KLH disrupts their quaternary structure and impairs their immunogenic effec

238 1) provide tunable coupling between protein quaternary structure and metal coordination, 2) enable t

239 uaternary structure to the nonpolymerizing R quaternary structure are now being developed.

240 servations suggest that small disruptions of quaternary structure are sufficient for fast desensitiza

241 or increased thermostability and had similar quaternary structure as compared to the wild type.

242 ctron microscopy, revealing the tertiary and quaternary structure at sufficient resolution to clearly

243 We observed that SpAhpD formed a dimeric quaternary structure both in the crystal and in solution

244 Quaternary structure determination for transmembrane/sol

245 incorporating geometry restraints in aiding quaternary structure determination, we introduce two new

246 cines induced type-specific nAbs directed to quaternary structure envelope epitopes known to be targe

247 5D bridges the capsid of B19 by binding to a quaternary structure epitope formed by residues from thr

248 The structure shows a quaternary structure epitope formed by three VP2 protein

249 the antigens tested do not display critical quaternary structure epitopes present on Zika E protein

250 ts allowed us to test the importance of Hmg2 quaternary structure in mallostery: a nonresponsive Hmg2

251 porting the hypothesis that the evolution of quaternary structure in SBS homomers is significantly in

252 Y tetramerization, a conserved and essential quaternary structure in vitro and likely also in vivo Fu

253 to monitor dynamic changes in peroxiredoxin quaternary structure inside the crowded environment of l

254 onships between E(app) distributions and the quaternary structure models that underlie them.

255 terface and to predict the three-dimensional quaternary structure of a protein-protein complex in sol

256 nance can help to gain new insights into the quaternary structure of active, membrane-embedded Bax ol

257 Previous studies point to an oligomeric quaternary structure of hDAT; however, the exact stoichi

258 polymorphism has an intriguing effect on the quaternary structure of Hp.

259 f a given TNKS-binding peptide motif and the quaternary structure of individual binding partners play

260 by-products from CP are able to disrupt the quaternary structure of noncrosslinked collagen.

261 to the N-terminal motif does not affect the quaternary structure of NUBP1.

262 BH4 binding result in drastic changes in the quaternary structure of the enzyme, leading to a more co

263 rmally induced structural transitions of the quaternary structure of the hemoglobin tetramer (human)

264 ollision cross sections and confirm that the quaternary structure of the mutants mirrored the wild ty

265 FimA, assemble into the filamentous, helical quaternary structure of the pilus rod via a mechanism te

266 ayed by electrostatic interactions vis-a-vis quaternary structure of this high-pI protein.

267 sults of binding-interface determination and quaternary structure prediction highlight the effectiven

268 Their quaternary structure results from the self-assembly of s

269 Recent studies on NR quaternary structure reveal novel mechanisms of receptor

270 aternary equilibrium from the polymerizing T quaternary structure to the nonpolymerizing R quaternary

271 differences in intracellular concentration, quaternary structure, and distinct active site architect

272 cterized by more conserved binding sites and quaternary structure, and qualitatively different allost

273 mulate the evolution and assembly of protein quaternary structure, and to provide a tractable way to

274 r racemic crystallography can capture native quaternary structure, which could be disrupted by hetero

275 rystallography can provide insight on native quaternary structure.

276 bled accurate design of protein tertiary and quaternary structure.

277 ins depends on their assembly into a defined quaternary structure.

278 e to complexity in their domain assembly and quaternary structure.

279 ralizing antibodies that have been mapped to quaternary-structure epitopes displayed on the viral sur

280 ed were mainly monomers that did not display quaternary-structure epitopes found on E dimers and high

281 SP that forms large, dynamic oligomers whose quaternary structures and chaperone activities depend on

282 meric glycoproteins with complex dodecameric quaternary structures and heterogeneous glycosylation pa

283 rogen-bonded imidazole-imidazolium histidine quaternary structures have been proposed, based on cryst

284 The self-assembly of proteins into protein quaternary structures is of fundamental importance to ma

285 and patterns suggest frequent recognition of quaternary structures on the surface of viral particles.

286 Therefore, determining protein quaternary structures provide critical insights for unde

287 tal structure of IdaA shows its tertiary and quaternary structures similar to those of glycine oxidas

288 ts that delivery vehicles based on synthetic quaternary structures that exhibit higher-order architec

289 transvascularly deliver proteins of complex quaternary structures, including alpha-synuclein preform

290 are the most regular feature of tertiary and quaternary structures.

291 relative abundance of the supramolecular (or quaternary) structures of associating macromolecules.

292 The interactive quaternary surface is delineated by solving the crystal

293 to simulate accurately(1) and reconstruct on Quaternary timescales.

294 Xa (FXa) and zymogen FX, with formation of a quaternary tissue factor (TF)/FVIIa/ FX(a)/Ixolaris inhi

295 Proteins ranging in age from the Quaternary to Jurassic are being used to answer question

296 we confirm peroxide- and thioredoxin-related quaternary transitions to take place in cellulo and obse

297 ng how the simplest extension of the classic quaternary two-state allosteric model of Monod, Wyman, a

298 to estimate the heat budget associated with Quaternary volcanism in the Cascades Arc and compare thi

299 uous chiral centers, including an all-carbon quaternary, were prepared with high yields (up to 78%) a

300 n-mediated species translocations across the Quaternary, yet these techniques are often used in isola