ライフサイエンスコーパス: reactant

1 contain oxygen, despite the highly oxidizing reactant.

2 product largely regenerate the initial acid reactant.

3 ting that HNO(2) instead of NO(2)(-) was the reactant.

4 dicating deprotonated naringenin as the main reactant.

5 d by consumption of (ArBO)3 as a first-order reactant.

6 electron-withdrawing groups on the aldehyde reactant.

7 dical center to the shifting hydrogen in the reactant.

8 ophile, which can be a solvent molecule or a reactant.

9 ut with trimethylsilyl azide as an azidation reactant.

10 o CO(2) and does not require the use of a co-reactant.

11 vity, and facilitating the mass transport of reactant.

12 were conducted to illuminate the role of the reactants.

13 octahedral cations easily accessible to the reactants.

14 drogen from the CH(3) or CH(2) groups of the reactants.

15 nger interaction energy between the deformed reactants.

16 that surfaces acted as catalysts and not as reactants.

17 y available alpha-halo carbonyl compounds as reactants.

18 has less structural freedom than that of the reactants.

19 multielectron conversions of small-molecule reactants.

20 the relative location and orientation of the reactants.

21 (overproduced in oxidative stress) and other reactants.

22 product from two stereochemical mixtures of reactants.

23 he large permanent dipole moments of the two reactants.

24 c thin films on a substrate from vapor phase reactants.

25 -dimensional molecular scaffolds from simple reactants.

26 products of all transformations in a set of reactants.

27 duced by the reaction of two phase-separated reactants.

28 s through increases in effective molarity of reactants.

29 s for the conversion of low-molecular-weight reactants.

30 macroscopic transport of charged tracers and reactants.

31 eometry as well as the electrostatics of the reactants.

32 and glycosylation state of main acute phase reactants.

33 entify mechanistic differences among similar reactants.

34 In this reaction, both reactants 2 and 3 deviated from their normal reactivitie

35 For reactants 3n-3p, which incorporate both primary and seco

36 om catalysts (Fe-N-C SACs) as an advanced co-reactant accelerator to directly reduce the dissolved ox

37 n the reaction environment, such as order of reactant addition, and addition of salts or minerals.

38 ubparticle-level quantitative information of reactant adsorption affinities unambiguously decouples s

39 ng to catalyst design principles for optimal reactant adsorption efficacy.

40 gineering surface strain) and optimizing the reactant adsorption sites are discussed and categorized

41 Additionally, reactant adsorption within hydrophobic Sn-Beta is driven

42 erimentally is commonly ascribed to stronger reactants adsorption or their facile activation on such

43 phase-transfer catalysts to couple two ionic reactants, affords enantioenriched gamma-fluoroamines in

44 olarized state, that is with the spin of the reactants aligned.

45 voring binding to the terminal C atom of the reactant alkenes arises from steric hindrance encountere

46 mplates greatly improve the accessibility of reactants allowing the achievement of 4,942 W/kg (8,649

47 reduces the interaction between the deformed reactants along the entire reaction coordinate.

48 ibitors such as TIMPs and/or the acute phase reactant alpha-2-macroglobulin.

49 , providing insights into the role played by reactant and alkoxide structure.

50 Positive orders in each reactant and dissociation of triethylammonium salts of 1

51 te species, where strong resonance mixing of reactant and product bonding patterns is inherent, (iii)

52 e used as the test case due to their ease of reactant and product detection by electrospray ionizatio

53 The effect of hydration of the reactant and product ions on the ionization mechanism in

54 ween exciton and charge-transfer states, the reactant and product of the charge separation reaction,

55 In the new rule-based formalism, every reactant and product pattern and every reaction rule are

56 ally accessible) crossing points between the reactant and product potential energy surfaces, indicati

57 sient interactions to tune the energetics of reactant and product states and switch between incoheren

58 e-off between the adsorption strength of the reactant and product states: weak binding of CO is desir

59 he combination of molecular structure of the reactant and surface structure of the catalyst determine

60 report electric field values relevant to the reactant and transition states of designed Kemp eliminas

61 The reaction involving the above-mentioned reactants and (benzo)pyridine as a third component resul

62 species to facilitate the interaction of gas reactants and catalyzing CO oxidation.

63 epare an ultracold few-body quantum state of reactants and demonstrate state-to-state chemistry for t

64 tself will act as tweezers, which orient the reactants and drive their reaction.

65 surface complexation mechanisms between the reactants and earth abundant materials to effectively ac

66 leading to a transfer of charge between the reactants and formation of the complex.

67 mild conditions in a stoichiometric ratio of reactants and has high functional group tolerance (pheno

68 hts into optimizing the adsorption energy of reactants and intermediates combined with tuning the cry

69 important implications for the transport of reactants and ions to surfaces and for engineering the r

70 itiated by colliding droplets with different reactants and levitating the merged droplet indefinitely

71 nuous flow (CF) mode is being used, in which reactants and products are continuously introduced and e

72 s with full quantum state resolution for all reactants and products has been a long-term challenge.

73 ed to equilibrium with comparable amounts of reactants and products in aprotic solvent, whereas in pr

74 The basic chemical properties of reactants and products in this reaction are then reviewe

75 Trace analysis of sub-kDa reactants and products is obfuscated by labels, however,

76 ing the concentrations and properties of the reactants and products, rather than by modifying the cat

77 lid catalyst, and gas-phase and liquid-phase reactants and products.

78 the intra-crystalline diffusion rates of the reactants and products.

79 tate energies and structures relative to the reactants and products; (iii) coupling between the motio

80 d exchange of energy; (iv) solvent caging of reactants and products; and (v) structural changes to th

81 trating that they destabilize TS relative to reactants and RO, and that TS exhibits most of the Coulo

82 s the quantitative exchange kinetics between reactants and Schiff base intermediates, explaining why

83 include: (i) formation of complexes between reactants and solvent molecules; (ii) modifications to t

84 matic pockets, which geometrically constrain reactants and stabilize specific reactive intermediates

85 gation revealed the elevation of acute phase reactants and strongly positive cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA

86 We show that the interactions between the reactants and the active sites lead to an unusual strain

87 influenced by the spatial arrangement of the reactants and the electrostatic environment of the latti

88 hates and evaluates both the plausibility of reactants and the likelihood that environments conducive

89 e with the interactions of enzymes and their reactants and thus affect the kinetics of biochemical re

90 By comparing the free energies of the reactants and transition states for the catalyzed and un

91 which can enable both facile dissociation of reactants and weak binding of intermediates, two key fac

92 r microenvironment, namely, acidic pH, redox reactants, and hypoxia, are exploited.

93 electrolytes and phosphate), and acute phase reactants, and recorded the nutritional therapy given in

94 xcellent regioselectivity, easily accessible reactants, and room temperature reaction conditions unde

95 When complex mixtures of the amine reactants are employed in competition experiments using

96 reduced while non-tropospheric/undesired VOC reactants are not.

97 Increases in acute phase reactants are typical of polymyalgia rheumatica.

98 ich covalent bonds are broken in each of the reactants as the new amide bond is formed.

99 latter can lead to facilitated activation of reactants as well as boosted selectivity control and syn

100 affect the local adsorption geometry of the reactants as well as the intermediate and final structur

101 er-limiting and the reaction zeroth order in reactants as well as the oxidant.

102 rum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are acute-phase reactant associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

103 late the relationships between metal/support/reactant at the molecular level.

104 finement leads to more facile association of reactants at active sites to form transition state struc

105 deactivate even after prolonged exposure to reactants at high temperature, and present comparable, e

106 The confinement of two reactants at the interface to form a new product can be

107 continuous contact of the electrode and the reactants at/near the interface.

108 advantage of working with atmospheric air as reactant, avoiding the need of gas storage tanks.

109 intermediate, depending on the amount of the reactant base.

110 consistent with a pathway in which preceding reactant binding greatly facilitates the rate of covalen

111 n purification of drugs, removal of residual reactants, biochemical analytics, medical diagnostics, t

112 of functional ID that is not an acute-phase reactant, but challenges in its interpretation arise bec

113 s are not correlated with ring strain in the reactants, but with the extent of rotational alignment o

114 favorable via applying interfacial strain on reactants by coating, using TiO(2) (B) as a model system

115 ) to modify the step sites for adsorption of reactants by selective deposition of a guest metal.

116 f providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual

117 The relative orientation of the reactants can also be relevant in biological membranes,

118 Moreover, reactants can compete with photocatalysts for the absorp

119 When the reactants can exchange between bulk and a confined phase

120 lecular heterogeneity present in mixtures of reactants can promote rather than suppress complex behav

121 the mass spectrometer using a 2 mm ID closed reactant capillary supplied by a reactant gas up to 500

122 lene glycol) diacrylate microgels, excellent reactant carriers, as an experimental sample and flexibl

123 cetaldehyde intermediate originates from the reactant CO, while ethanol and n-propanol contained main

124 Defined OS-SET model reactants (CO2 radical anions, S(2-)-doped graphene oxid

125 eactions that (i) occur wherever appropriate reactants come together, (ii) are so typical that many h

126 ization conformations of the platinum-alkene reactant complex, only a subset of which are productive

127 e a high rate of product formation while the reactant concentration is high, but they perform best at

128 bundances, post-translational modifications, reactant concentrations and allosteric effectors.

129 ynamic pre-equilibrium, which depends on the reactant concentrations and the progress of reaction.

130 (3)P) formation was found to be dependent on reactant concentrations in certain cases.

131 function of pH, organic matter presence, and reactant concentrations was explored using sequential-sp

132 ncluding pH, absence/presence of oxygen, and reactant concentrations.

133 he (Ru)HKUST-1 MOF activity is the intrapore reactant condensation that enhances ethylene dimerizatio

134 The 3D microfluidic chip reduces reactant consumption and facilitates solution delivery c

135 ation to some extent, but in the presence of reactants containing an alcohol linked to a reactive fun

136 For electrochemical reactions involving gas reactants, conventional operando mass spectrometry strug

137 acilitate spectroscopic investigations, free reactants could be activated the same way by the local p

138 talysis, can be accelerated (accumulation of reactants), decelerated (mass transfer limitation), and

139 an injected solute can limit or enhance the reactant delivery, cause nonintuitive patterns of concen

140 ffusion is by far insufficient, resulting in reactant depletion, product accumulation, and local pH c

141 Ti-MFI, Ti-CON), likely because of intrapore reactant diffusion restrictions, and reach undetectable

142 while homogeneous networks-those with fewer reactants-do not.

143 The chirality of the reactant donor-acceptor cyclobutenes is fully retained i

144 ample temperature, the volumes of the liquid reactants down to the picoliter range, and the mixing lo

145 emistry facilitates reactions with insoluble reactants, enables high-yielding solvent-free synthetic

146 Sulfonyl chlorides are inexpensive reactants extensively explored for functionalization, bu

147 icate (TEOS) at the interface of two laminar reactant flows.

148 volution of CO(2) and H(2) from the CO/H(2)O reactants follows different kinetics than the evolution

149 The solvent needs to be considered as a reactant for both the nucleophilic and the radical react

150 ion mechanisms with vitamin B(12) as a model reactant for reductive dehalogenase activity.

151 g the structures of tetrazine and isonitrile reactants for application in bioorthogonal ligation and

152 ry old family of molecules, but their use as reactants for click and bio-orthogonal chemistry is quit

153 talysis through their effects on positioning reactants for phosphoryl transfer and easing barriers to

154 hydroxides (green rusts, GRs) are promising reactants for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated so

155 rofile of the catalyst when the order of the reactants for the main reaction is known.

156 reactant gases (Ar, He, O(2), and N(2)) and reactant gas mixtures are tested with regard to the DBDI

157 m ID closed reactant capillary supplied by a reactant gas up to 500 mL per minute to gain a controlle

158 Different reactant gases (Ar, He, O(2), and N(2)) and reactant gas

159 The reactor avoids mixing reactant gases by transferring oxygen from the (oxidizin

160 anding catalytic activity is achieved as the reactant gases flow through this 3D natural wood-derived

161 This argument is not valid because the reactant gases were evacuated at temperatures from 525 t

162 While enzymes position catalytic and reactant groups in active sites, physics requires that a

163 The depletion of the reactant (i.e., ethanol or ethylene glycol in the case o

164 it retained the carbonatation clarification reactants, i.e., Ca(2+)and OH(-), in the granule interio

165 se studies have identified (i) orders of all reactants; (ii) a turnover-limiting Michael addition ste

166 We report the results of unique separated reactants implosion experiments studying pre-mixed conta

167 he active catalyst state, participating as a reactant in the carbonylation process, and accelerating

168 Specifically, multiple reactants in an amide-forming network sustain oscillatio

169 CNs may facilitate PACN formation by keeping reactants in close proximity.

170 density due to the low solubility of organic reactants in practical electrolytes.

171 d improving the chemical stability of active reactants in RFBs is a critical research challenge.

172 The behavior of the reactants in solution and within the metallocage is init

173 mble crabs with four distinct claws, convert reactants in solution into products and thereby create l

174 ese photoproducts are important oxidants and reactants in surface waters, atmospheric drops, and snow

175 ydride derivatives were used as bifunctional reactants in systems with varied stoichiometries, cataly

176 f the most dramatically changing acute phase reactants in the circulation.

177 curves associated with the distortion of the reactants in the Diels-Alder reactions are nearly identi

178 To date these studies have largely employed reactants in the ground vibrational state (v = 0) and th

179 ctivation strain computed from the distorted reactants in the transition structures are larger for un

180 Self-assembly of the reactants in well-defined molecular domains prior to rea

181 Key reactants include volcanic ash (source of reactive alumi

182 approach is based on the co-localization of reactants induced by the bivalent binding of a specific

183 that human fibrinogen (FBG) - an acute phase reactant - inhibits human MMP-2.

184 sing a set of target test tubes to represent reactant, intermediate, and product states of the system

185 suggested that a better understanding of the reactant/intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and

186 ture of 500 nanokelvin, we directly observed reactants, intermediates, and products of the reaction (

187 ty transfer between catalyst surface and all reactants, intermediates, and the product along the reac

188 reactions often fail to proceed-by bringing reactants into close spatial proximity.

189 s are the sum of the energies to distort the reactants into geometries they have in transition states

190 stored within chemical bonds of ground-state reactants into light via high-energy excited intermediat

191 s indicated that chlorogenic acids were also reactants involved in the development of this reaction,

192 e mode to produce NH(4)(+) as an alternative reactant ion (RI) and prevent protonation of the fragmen

193 ever, for the most intense peaks such as the reactant ion peak, a significant loss of resolving power

194 n mechanism involving DMSO as a nucleophilic reactant is in harmony with the experimental kinetic dat

195 -induced perturbation of the geometry of the reactant is negligible.

196 e the energy barrier separating products and reactants is crossed.

197 This indicates that a specific topology of reactants is crucial for the reactivity of Ch.

198 from solvent-driven pre-organization of the reactants is most significant.

199 Merging microdroplets of different reactants is one such approach.

200 ol formation following either removal of the reactant ketone from the feed, or its substitution with

201 e donor is product-like, and the acceptor is reactant-like, indicative of a partial negative charge b

202 mblers may arise from simple phase separated reactants may provide a new direction for the design of

203 The atomic-level transformations of all reactant moieties, the [Nb6O19](8-) polyanion, its Cs(+)

204 sources, i.e., a reaction takes place if the reactant molecule concentrations are above a certain thr

205 their influence on hyperfine quenching in a reactant molecule is not known.

206 connected to increased binding affinities of reactant molecules for low-coordinated Au atoms.

207 the lifetime of an intermediate by preparing reactant molecules in their lowest rovibronic quantum st

208 The reactivity of O2 and O toward reactant molecules is also briefly discussed in the cont

209 system retains a near-perfect memory of the reactants' nuclear spins, manifested as a strong parity

210 power-law distribution in which 17% of amine reactants occur in 79% of reported compounds, consistent

211 om cardiomyocyte, which is the most abundant reactant of intracellular reductive-oxidative metabolic

212 asy to perform simply by mixing three common reactants of acetic acid with heating.

213 Remarkably, a mixture of two reactants of different structure-neither of which produc

214 ers spontaneously hydrolyze or decarboxylate reactants on the crystallographic time frame preventing

215 titatively without the need for excess amine reactant or product purification.

216 s the concentration or partial pressure of a reactant or product.

217 ments, we demonstrate that the popularity of reactants or the choices of reaction conditions are unco

218 A new bioorthogonal reactant pair, spiro[2.3]hex-1-ene (Sph) and 3,6-di(2-py

219 The atomized chemical reactants passing through an inductively coupled plasma

220 mic layer deposition (c-ALD) with stationary reactant phases, which largely circumvents the limitatio

221 ase in TOF under ideal HB conditions (20 atm reactant pressure and 400 degrees C) for the Si-doped Fe

222 under typical extreme HB conditions (200 atm reactant pressure and 500 degrees C) and a ~43-fold incr

223 grees C, or alternatively at temperature and reactant pressure decreased to 400 degrees C and 60 atm,

224 milder conditions, e.g. at a much decreased reactant pressure of 20 atm at 500 degrees C, or alterna

225 aggregating proteins are simultaneously the reactants, products, intermediates, and catalysts of the

226 nasal airway response including acute-phase reactants proteins (fibrinogen, haptoglobin and CRP), ce

227 ts along with studies with deuterium labeled reactants provide insight into the mechanism.

228 e reduced metal centers while the gaseous O2 reactant replenishes these lattice oxygen vacancies.

229 In the presence of suitable reactants, ROT-2 acted as a catalytic machinery catalyzi

230 cattering of the leaving ion relative to the reactant RY velocity.

231 ent density due to the low solubility of gas reactant(s).

232 y, and persistent high levels of acute phase reactants should raise concerns about amyloid recurrence

233 y, and persistent high levels of acute-phase reactants should raise concerns about amyloid recurrence

234 mation of mixed micelles from lipid-modified reactants shows promise for accelerating chemical reacti

235 lent C-C bonds to each monomer and a lack of reactant single-crystal order.

236 As reactant solution passes over the wells, metabolites for

237 tant to product with a single passage of the reactant solution through the cell.

238 by flow cells operating with recycle of the reactant solution.

239 ixing of small volumes (e.g., 50-500 muL) of reactant solutions are described.

240 Up to 12 reactions, each involving four reactant solutions, were monitored simultaneously in a s

241 n the ALD process due to facile diffusion of reactant species in nonideal ALD.

242 However, the population of some reactant species might be driven negative if they are in

243 ire ALD oxide deposition due to diffusion of reactant species through the gate oxide.

244 dered by spectral overlap of the product and reactant species.

245 The encapsulation layer is permeable to reactants, stable under the reaction conditions and stro

246 ch motif in hExo1) flips frequently from the reactant state to the product state.

247 progressively diminish the recurrence of the reactant state.

248 tic effects observed can be tuned by varying reactant structure and coupling a hydrophilic alkyne and

249 derstanding the reaction's mechanism and how reactant structure controls rates and equilibria in the

250 3-DG formation, we varied the composition of reactants (sugars, amino acids) by using different malti

251 roduct is significantly more stable than the reactants, supporting the experimental characterization.

252 creasing haemoglobin, increasing acute phase reactants tests, and multiorgan failure.

253 apsulated Pd remains much more accessible to reactants than bulk-dissolved Pd.

254 fication process in which NH(3) is used as a reactant that enhances the removal of Cl from deposits f

255 e thermal-pyrolysis temperature and ratio of reactants, the maximum emission of the resulting CDots g

256 For polar/polarizable reactants, the OEEF itself will act as tweezers, which o

257 ad substrate scope of both alkyne and alkene reactants, the presented chloroalkynylation reaction is

258 tine, maleic anhydride and allyl chloride as reactants, the synthesized monomer, terpene-diallyl male

259 By using alkenes as reactant, this reaction is strictly limited to norbornen

260 h all barriers lying below the energy of the reactants, this reaction is viable in the cold interstel

261 evolution of a complex chemical system from reactants through various intermediates to products, so

262 which deuteration reduces the ability of the reactant to follow a post-transition-state concerted tra

263 The organic reactant to iron molar ratio and pH were found to affect

264 verted to CO which is subsequently used as a reactant to produce methanol.

265 selective syntheses with high conversion of reactant to product with a single passage of the reactan

266 This mechanism allows the reactant to self-generate a double CUS site that reduces

267 e relative transport kinetics of protons and reactants to an electrocatalyst and the relationship bet

268 adjacent graphene layers, and the ability of reactants to diffuse into the disordered intercalate pha

269 iles, which are rapidly intercepted by amine reactants to generate amides/peptides and o-mercaptobenz

270 aluated with symmetrical and prochiral diazo reactants to produce a total of 25 novel silanes.

271 Use of Rh2 (pfb)4 or Rh2 (esp)2 directs the reactants to regioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition generati

272 However, directly affecting reactants to shift the reaction toward generating oxygen

273 It provided gated entrance of reactants to the catalyst, enabling a mediocre prolinami

274 and OH...O hydrogen bonds are enhanced from reactants to transition states.

275 increases more significantly when going from reactants to TS(beta) than to TS(alpha), resulting in lo

276 n whereby electronic reorganization converts reactants' to products' bonding, will accelerate reactio

277 transport rates of counterions, protons, and reactants toward catalytically active sites.

278 Independently controlling reactant transport to electrocatalyst surfaces at high o

279 eld the products are intimately coupled with reactant transport.

280 icient pathways for electron and electrolyte/reactant transports.

281 e constants versus the concentrations of the reactants used in excess.

282 ical oxidation with tripropylamine (TPrA) co-reactant using supercapacitor power and ECL was captured

283 f catalytic behavior for a homologous set of reactants using a small set of experimental information.

284 stereocenters from achiral or chiral racemic reactants via transition metal catalysis.

285 Specifically, the contributions from excited reactant vibronic states are greater for TEAD(+) than fo

286 ctories constrained to visit a region of the reactant well, separated from the rest by a simple hyper

287 intermediates as a result of the two initial reactants were found after ten hours (100 degrees C) to

288 All reactants were found to increase the rate of deoxygenati

289 Nevertheless, these additional reactants were produced in situ from either acrolein or

290 No additional reactants were required, although methylglyoxal, ammonia

291 yl electrophile has proven to be a versatile reactant when coupled with palladium catalysis.

292 A [2+2]-photocycloaddition between both reactants which can be prepared from wood-based starting

293 ost commonly by using a low concentration of reactants), which has a negative impact on the detection

294 oo little water precludes dissolution of the reactants while too much water favors hydrolysis over co

295 n new opportunities for developing tetrazine reactants with improved characteristics for diverse labe

296 the product selectivity in hydrogenations of reactants with more than one reducible group.

297 applied to a transition state that connects reactants with two or more products involving reaction p

298 Comparison of reactants with various substitution groups showed that e

299 ation, i.e., resonance stabilization, of the reactants within VB theory.

300 of polypeptides using low concentrations of reactants without the need for thiol catalysts.