ライフサイエンスコーパス: reassortment

1 through transmission supports high levels of reassortment.

2 hin the target tissue could limit subsequent reassortment.

3 GCs persisted in the community unchanged by reassortment.

4 mmunity, there was no evidence of interclade reassortment.

5 enes from other strains via a process called reassortment.

6 responsible for the lack of intertypic viral reassortment.

7 1-PA-NP cosegregation during avian influenza reassortment.

8 ial periodically emerge due to viral genomic reassortment.

9 tematically characterized the process of BTV reassortment.

10 rogate animal model to study influenza virus reassortment.

11 ll-length form of PB1-F2 through mutation or reassortment.

12 on could occur following genetic mutation or reassortment.

13 on of all human virus internal genes through reassortment.

14 acquire the full-length form by mutation or reassortment.

15 ropose that this can be explained by cryptic reassortment.

16 of Pgt, with no recombination or chromosome reassortment.

17 s of IAV assembly is necessary to understand reassortment.

18 sequently produce new viruses through genome reassortment.

19 ected viral evolution driven by mutation and reassortment.

20 A viruses (IAVs) can exchange genes through reassortment.

21 ated with relatively few documented cases of reassortment.

22 fect a cell, they can exchange genes through reassortment.

23 rains of public health interest will undergo reassortment.

24 ghlighting the environment for potential IAV reassortment.

25 ut not the NA or NS segments, restricted IAV reassortment.

26 y comparison with previously reported strain reassortments.

27 by both individual gene mutations and genome reassortments.

28 phylogenetic heuristic approach to show that reassortment, a reticulate evolutionary mechanism, predo

29 d through epistatic mutations and interclade reassortment-a phenomenon previously only observed in th

30 o interspecific transmission that along with reassortment, allows IAV to achieve viral flow across su

31 ated as early as 1999 as a result of segment reassortment among Eurasian and North American avian IAV

32 to emerge due to mutation, recombination, or reassortment among genomic segments among individual vir

33 Reassortment among influenza A viruses allows viruses to

34 portion of the viral life cycle when genetic reassortment among influenza viruses occurs.

35 results show evidence of intragenogroup gene reassortment among the cocirculating strains.

36 Reassortments among subtypes from avian and human viruse

37 ics, possibly due to a very low frequency of reassortment and a lower evolutionary rate than that of

38 Segment reassortment and base mutagenesis of influenza A viruses

39 lls, suggesting the potential capability for reassortment and contributions to new pandemic or panzoo

40 These can pose a pandemic threat through reassortment and emergence in human populations.

41 caused worldwide epidemics and pandemics by reassortment and generation of drug-resistant mutants, w

42 us, A/TX/6/1996 (TX/96), to measure in vitro reassortment and growth potentials.

43 stem is a fast and efficient method to model reassortment and highlight the risk of reassortment betw

44 Recombination, reassortment and horizontal gene transfer constitute exa

45 ncluding human and bats, highlighting genome reassortment and lack of host-specific barriers.

46 ce what we currently know about the roles of reassortment and mutations in virus fitness and have imp

47 the H5N1 subtype continue to evolve through reassortment and mutations.

48 d human species suggest criteria for segment reassortment and strains that might be ideal candidates

49 at packaging signals are crucial for genetic reassortment and that suboptimal compatibility between t

50 quisition of swine-origin internal genes via reassortment and the adaptation of human influenza virus

51 is important to understand the efficiency of reassortment and the factors that limit its potential.

52 ing the significance of the region for viral reassortment and the potential emergence of novel avian

53 erstood though it is generally accepted that reassortment and/or genetic complementation among the th

54 of gene segments in coinfected cells, termed reassortment, and (ii) necessitates a selective packagin

55 Antigenic drift and shift, genetic reassortment, and cross-species transmission generate ne

56 we infer evolutionary structures, including reassortment, and demonstrate some of the difficulties o

57 effectively characterizes clonal evolution, reassortment, and recombination in RNA viruses.

58 tural selective pressures, recombination and reassortment, and structural analysis of OROV variants.

59 ion of multiple virus lineages, gene segment reassortment, and the common ancestry of the 2006/2007 o

60 ar and that several subtypes contributing to reassortment are going undetected.

61 in the Nile Delta create conditions favoring reassortment, as evident from the gene constellations id

62 pecies may be the primary host for influenza reassortment at Delaware Bay.

63 enza A virus (IAV) genome enables rapid gene reassortment at the cost of complicating the task of ass

64 ntly emerged novel influenza strains through reassortment, avian influenza subtypes such as H5N1, H7N

65 f novel pandemic influenza A viruses through reassortment because of their susceptibility to both avi

66 Our data demonstrate that reassortment between an avian H5N1 virus with low pathog

67 Taken together, these data suggest that reassortment between cocirculating human pH1N1 and avian

68 nature of the influenza virus genome allows reassortment between coinfecting viruses.

69 interactions drive vRNP cosegregation during reassortment between different IAV strains.

70 Genome segmentation facilitates reassortment between different influenza virus strains i

71 rains and suggest the possibility of genetic reassortment between different RVA genotypes within thes

72 segmented nature of their genome that allows reassortment between different species to generate novel

73 on of these interactions might limit genetic reassortment between divergent influenza A viruses.

74 Reassortment between established human IAVs and IAVs har

75 A reassortment between genotype A and D was found in the c

76 Reassortment between H5 or H9 subtype avian and mammalia

77 These studies indicate that reassortment between H5N1 avian influenza and H3N2 human

78 N9 outbreak lineage is confounded by ongoing reassortment between H7N9 and H9N2 viruses.

79 model reassortment and highlight the risk of reassortment between H9N2 and pH1N1 viruses.

80 reviously shown that packaging signals limit reassortment between heterologous IAV strains in a segme

81 This work indicates that the likelihood of reassortment between human seasonal IAV and avian IAV is

82 s into budding virions(1-8) and in directing reassortment between IAVs(9).

83 Rapid reassortment between independently selected variants com

84 ories to exhibit epidemic dominance, with no reassortment between lineages.

85 N9 outbreak lineage is confounded by ongoing reassortment between outbreak viruses and diverse H9N2 v

86 nes of these viruses had undergone extensive reassortment between outbreaks.

87 s indicate that strong intrinsic barriers to reassortment between seasonal H3N2 and pH1N1 viruses are

88 hich IAV packaging signal divergence impacts reassortment between seasonal IAVs.

89 Here, we studied genetic reassortment between the A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2, MO) virus

90 se, 4 contained a vdG1P[8] strain derived by reassortment between the G1P[5] and G6P[8] parental vacc

91 safety concerns regarding the possibility of reassortment between the H5 gene segment and circulating

92 Ongoing reassortment between the H7N9 outbreak lineage and diver

93 We do not find evidence of reassortment between the RNA1 and RNA2 molecules of Sant

94 Using clinical specimen material, we show reassortment between the two coinfecting viruses occurre

95 1N1 and 2009 pandemic (pdm/09) H1N1 viruses, reassortment between them is highly plausible but largel

96 ccurred readily in vivo and furthermore that reassortment between these two viral subtypes is likely

97 described here offers new tools for studying reassortment between two strains of interest and applies

98 use they highlight an example of how genetic reassortment between virus strains could produce phenoty

99 Second, genomic reassortment between viruses cocirculating in exhibition

100 10N8 viruses were generated through multiple reassortments between H10 and N8 viruses from domestic d

101 sociated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating

102 completion of the motif, combined with viral reassortment can contribute to pandemic risks.

103 The genetic diversity generated through reassortment can facilitate the emergence of novel outbr

104 been shown previously with H9N2 viruses that reassortment can generate novel viruses with increased t

105 For segmented viruses, reassortment can introduce drastic genomic and phenotypi

106 ia reassortment to create a novel virus, and reassortment can result in possible pandemics.

107 study was designed to quantify the relative reassortment capacities of classical and TRIG swine viru

108 reassort, suggesting that factors other than reassortment capacity alone are responsible for the diff

109 The present study revealed high reassortment compatibility between EA and pdm/09 viruses

110 d in enhanced virulence while heterosubtypic reassortment contributed to the extinction of EIV H7N7.

111 Zoonotic transmission and viral reassortment contributed to the rich diversity of strain

112 However, lack of reassortment could have been the result of differences i

113 However, reassortment does generate viruses of distinct phenotype

114 olated from humans; however, intergroup gene reassortment does not occur for reasons that remain uncl

115 However, if reassortment does not result in the acquisition of swine

116 , they are fundamentally driven by mutation, reassortment, drift, and selection at the level of indiv

117 ion, more efficient selection resulting from reassortment during mixed infections, better regulation

118 potential for stochastic factors to restrict reassortment during natural infection, we sought to dete

119 Here, we tested the hypothesis that reassortment efficiency following coinfection through tr

120 ent RNA polymerase (RdRP) or through genetic reassortment enables perpetuation of IAV in humans throu

121 his H2N2 influenza virus was the result of a reassortment event between a circulating H2N2 avian viru

122 An additional neuraminidase reassortment event indicated a recent inter-hemispheric

123 parts of the world, raising concerns that a reassortment event may lead to highly pathogenic influen

124 ng that it may be a product of a decades-old reassortment event.

125 logenetic analysis reveals the occurrence of reassortment events among the Victoria and Yamagata line

126 ene products, we have shown that single-gene reassortment events are sufficient to alter the virulenc

127 Finally, we provide evidence of multiple reassortment events between CIV and other influenza viru

128 e rH3N2p viruses were generated in swine via reassortment events between H3N2 viruses and the pM segm

129 iruses to adapt to various hosts and undergo reassortment events ensures constant generation of new s

130 ajor factor controlling host adaptation, and reassortment events involving polymerase gene segments o

131 ts of this strain will also help to identify reassortment events involving this and other virus linea

132 These data will help to identify further reassortment events involving this or other virus lineag

133 Additionally, we find that reassortment events predominantly occur on selectively f

134 he extent to which packaging signals prevent reassortment events that would raise concern for pandemi

135 act on circulating strains, the frequency of reassortment events under natural conditions and epidemi

136 ed undetected virus circulation and frequent reassortment events with local and newly introduced viru

137 branching inconsistencies that suggest five reassortment events, all involving the M segment, and th

138 ed multiple intrasubtypic and heterosubtypic reassortment events, including the acquisition of the NS

139 This approach also detects reassortment events, such as those that led to the 2009

140 increases the risk of adaptive mutations and reassortment events, which may result in a novel virus w

141 nstellations (GCs) and illuminating putative reassortment events.

142 st that ferrets recapitulate influenza virus reassortment events.

143 r interest as a known participant in natural reassortment events.

144 I then discuss the implications of reassortment for influenza A virus evolution, including

145 nship between mutation accumulation and gene reassortment for rotaviruses and how it impacts viral ev

146 ens in China, which was responsible, through reassortment, for the emergence of H7N9 viruses that cau

147 ficking and defines a time window for genome reassortment from same-cell coinfections.

148 Although reassortment generated genetic diversity at the genotype

149 2)] identified the previously undefined 11th reassortment group (K) expected for rotavirus.

150 The reassortment group K mutant RRVtsK(2) maps to genome seg

151 genetically characterized, were assigned to reassortment groups by pairwise crosses with the SA11 mu

152 RRVtsD(7), RRVtsJ(5), and RRVtsK(2), were in reassortment groups not previously mapped to genome segm

153 r SA11 mutants contained mutations in single reassortment groups, and four RRV mutants contained muta

154 these events and the constraints on genetic reassortment has implications for assessment of the pand

155 We show that both intra- and intersubtype reassortment have played a major role in the evolution o

156 Additionally, the reassortment history of these viruses raises concern for

157 This high rate of reassortment illustrates the inaccuracy of a classificat

158 Our study has shown that reassortment in BTV is very flexible, and there is no fu

159 on within-host genomic variation, we tracked reassortment in coinfected guinea pigs over time and giv

160 While the importance of reassortment in generating genetically diverse influenza

161 nks this formula to a mechanistic account of reassortment in multipathogen systems in the form of sub

162 However, experiments to understand reassortment in pigs in detail have been limited because

163 gs highlight the importance of monitoring PA reassortment in seasonal flu, and confirm the role of th

164 ould aid in understanding the role of genome reassortment in the evolution of these emerging pathogen

165 enza viruses, highlighting the importance of reassortment in the generation of viruses with pandemic

166 ted natural occurrences of recombination and reassortment in the virus population.

167 Conversely, reassortment in vivo can be rendered undetectable by low

168 ints and drivers acting on influenza A virus reassortment, including the likelihood of coinfection at

169 To address the need for a reassortment-incompetent live influenza A virus vaccine,

170 Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resu

171 stent with the evolutionary expectation that reassortment increases the efficiency of adaptation at t

172 provide a mixing vessel for influenza virus reassortment independent of differential sialic acid dis

173 rk raises important questions about mutation-reassortment interplay and its impact on human RV evolut

174 gene regions that correlate with restricted reassortment into simian RV strain SA11.

175 Reassortment is an important source of genetic diversity

176 ssortment requires VF coalescence.IMPORTANCE Reassortment is common in viruses with segmented double-

177 Reassortment is common; however, the underlying mechanis

178 We found that intrahost diversity driven by reassortment is dynamic and dependent on the amount of e

179 er, as host evolutionary distance increases, reassortment is increasingly favored.

180 Reassortment is known to occur readily under well-contro

181 However, reassortment is limited in cases where the genes or enco

182 he factors that can affect influenza A virus reassortment is needed for the establishment of disease

183 These results suggest that reassortment is not exquisitely sensitive to stochastic

184 Influenza virus reassortment is prevalent in nature and is a major contr

185 t the importance of packaging signals in IAV reassortment is segment dependent.IMPORTANCE Influenza A

186 very presented here suggests that continuing reassortment led to the emergence of the A/Guangdong/1/2

187 With a high dose of 2 x 10(6) PFU, however, reassortment levels were high (avg. 59%) at 1 dpi and re

188 However, reassortment may also impose fitness costs if it unlinks

189 viruses that acquire a long-stalk NA through reassortment might be more likely to support transmissio

190 five amino acid substitutions, or four with reassortment, might be sufficient for mammal-to-mammal t

191 r coalescent and reassortment rates with the reassortment network and the embedding of segments in th

192 inantly occur on selectively fitter parts of reassortment networks showing that on a population level

193 The high rate of reassortment observed in influenza viruses and the preva

194 udy provides direct evidence that continuing reassortment occurred and led to the emergence of a nove

195 from other areas showed that active genetic reassortment occurred in IDV and that five reassortants

196 Active reassortment occurred in the cattle within this facility

197 Here, reassortment occurred in the coinoculated donor host, mu

198 st animals and in vitro; however, reports of reassortment occurring naturally in humans are rare.

199 N1-R1, H5N1-R2, and H5N2-R3, that arose from reassortment of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1a viruses.

200 , and there is no fundamental barrier to the reassortment of any genome segment.

201 ha2,6-Gal receptors could facilitate genetic reassortment of avian and human IAVs.

202 Reassortment of gene segments between coinfecting influe

203 The reassortment of gene segments between influenza viruses

204 osaic nature of the capsule loci, suggesting reassortment of genes by horizontal transfer, and demons

205 c recombination, required for the beneficial reassortment of genetic information and for DNA double-s

206 ossible mechanisms inhibiting the intertypic reassortment of genetic segments could be due to incompa

207 These results highlight the potential for reassortment of H1N1 viruses with avian influenza virus

208 that the novel A(H7N9) viruses emerged from reassortment of H7, N9, and H9N2 viruses.

209 han two parental strains, such as the triple reassortment of H7N9 avian influenza and the formation o

210 Mutation and reassortment of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1

211 tential for coinfection of dogs and possible reassortment of human and other animal influenza A virus

212 V adaptation to new hosts typically involves reassortment of IAV gene segments from coinfecting virus

213 ations, indicating increased opportunity for reassortment of IAVs.

214 Reassortment of influenza A or B viruses provides an evo

215 have developed a method to prevent the free reassortment of influenza A virus RNAs by rewiring their

216 Reassortment of influenza A viruses is an important driv

217 Reassortment of influenza A viruses is readily observed

218 eks postinfection, raising the potential for reassortment of influenza genes in a host infected with

219 The continuous circulation and reassortment of influenza H6 subtype viruses in birds hi

220 her in some parts of the world and favor the reassortment of influenza through simultaneous multiple

221 Genetic mutation and reassortment of influenza virus gene segments, in partic

222 etic diversification of influenza A virus is reassortment of intact gene segments between coinfecting

223 pandemics of 1957 and 1968 resulted from the reassortment of low pathogenic avian viruses and human s

224 eplication and excretion of RotaTeq vaccine, reassortment of parental strains can occur.

225 These blooms may favor reassortment of plasmid-encoded genes between pathogens

226 ptation of the 1918-like avian virus through reassortment of the 1918 PB2 led to increased lethality.

227 ese results show the potential for continued reassortment of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus with endemi

228 and light chains is greatly increased by the reassortment of the antibody Fv domains themselves insid

229 size that VF coalescence is required for the reassortment of the Birnaviridae This study provides new

230 This study suggests that reassortment of unusual G types into a background of glo

231 cated in homogenization of gene families and reassortment of variation among paralogs.

232 fection exclusion may limit the frequency of reassortment of viral genes.

233 Pandemic IAVs emerge through reassortment of vRNA in animal or human hosts.

234 enetic analysis reveals that H5N6 arose from reassortments of H5 and H6N6 viruses, with the hemagglut

235 tudying patterns of evolution of each virus, reassortments of RNA1 and RNA2 among variants of each vi

236 multiple influenza pandemics were caused by reassortments of viruses typically found in separate hos

237 IAV can overcome host restriction through reassortment or adaptive evolution, and these are mechan

238 However, the mechanism preventing intertypic reassortment or gene exchange between influenza A and B

239 hat can adapt to its new host through either reassortment or point mutations and transmit by aerosoli

240 za A viruses restore HA/NA balance following reassortment or transfer to new host environments.

241 The second is reassortment, or the exchange of gene segments between v

242 d as such, they have the potential to impact reassortment outcomes between different IAV strains.

243 By evaluating reassortment outcomes, we demonstrate that HA segments c

244 ents we determined the occurrence of segment reassortment over a 30-year sampling period.

245 with genotypes A2 and B were common, and the reassortment pattern of different subtypes of A2 isolate

246 r approach to a new experiment that examines reassortment patterns between the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and

247 Studying reassortment patterns of different human influenza datas

248 ound the rate of reticulate events (i.e., 20 reassortments per year in avian influenza).

249 ned to independent and reliable estimates of reassortment, perhaps obtained through molecular surveil

250 e genesis of novel influenza viruses through reassortment poses a continuing risk to public health.

251 networks showing that on a population level, reassortment positively contributes to the fitness of hu

252 se findings suggest a limited host range and reassortment potential of BatIVs in nature, providing fu

253 the creation of a framework to 'risk assess' reassortment potential to better predict the emergence o

254 This reassortment process could result in viruses with new pa

255 Despite this, studying the reassortment process has been constrained by the lack of

256 to explicitly model the joint coalescent and reassortment process.

257 n interactions, which may facilitate natural reassortment processes.

258 Reassortment provides the evolutionary independence of C

259 In this study, the influenza virus reassortment rate in swine and human cells was determine

260 s/02860/09) virus (swH1N2) resulted in a 23% reassortment rate that was independent of alpha2,3- or a

261 ide an indirect, model-based estimate of the reassortment rate.

262 uenza datasets, we find large differences in reassortment rates across different human influenza viru

263 es the means to jointly infer coalescent and reassortment rates with the reassortment network and the

264 Associated virus evolution involves reassortment, recombination, and component capture.

265 tely 10-fold discordant doses did not reduce reassortment relative to equivalent inputs but markedly

266 y or if packaging signals prevent intertypic reassortment remains unknown.

267 o 16 hpi, and we speculate that Birnaviridae reassortment requires VF coalescence.IMPORTANCE Reassort

268 n, thereby informing an understanding of the reassortment restriction mechanism.

269 ion of EIV, and we suggest that intrasubtype reassortment resulted in enhanced virulence while hetero

270 ression predicting the rate of viral subtype reassortment to be proportional to both prevalence and S

271 Our data reveal the potential for reassortment to contribute to intrahost diversity in mix

272 Influenza A viruses can change rapidly via reassortment to create a novel virus, and reassortment c

273 esults demonstrate the immense potential for reassortment to generate viral diversity in nature.

274 The importance of reassortment to public health is clear from its role in

275 ere we investigate the ability of polymerase reassortment to restore the activity of an avian influen

276 e impact of packaging signal mismatch on IAV reassortment using the human seasonal influenza A/Panama

277 t both that subtype diversity (and therefore reassortment) varies from year to year and that several

278 Intriguingly, this reassortment was associated with the acquisition of heig

279 s reassortment was random while heterologous reassortment was characterized by specific biases.

280 As examples, reassortment was key to the emergence of the 1957, 1968,

281 f genotype patterns revealed that homologous reassortment was random while heterologous reassortment

282 hen such exposure led to coinfection, robust reassortment was typically seen, with 50 to 100% of isol

283 o assess phenotypic variation as a result of reassortment, we examined viral growth kinetics and plaq

284 Single or multiple segment reassortments were made between the pandemic A/Californi

285 uses (RVs) can evolve through the process of reassortment, whereby the 11 double-stranded RNA genome

286 f emerging strains is altered by patterns in reassortment, whether biases are consistent across multi

287 insight into the factors that influence IAV reassortment will inform and strengthen ongoing public h

288 rulence factors through adaptive mutation or reassortment with circulating human viruses.

289 man viruses can infect dog tracheas and that reassortment with CIV results in viable viruses.

290 to pigs in the United States was followed by reassortment with endemic SIV, resulting in reassorted v

291 The reassortment with endemic swine viruses and maintenance

292 Phylogenetic analyses show that intensive reassortment with human pandemic A(H1N1)/2009 (H1pdm) vi

293 Phylogenetic analysis showed that reassortment with long-stalk NA occurred sporadically an

294 HP H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV and subsequent reassortment with low-pathogenic H?N2 and H?N1 North Ame

295 sulted in several phylogenetic clades, while reassortment with other avian influenza viruses has led

296 s in the virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein or reassortment with other pandemic viruses endow HPAI H5N1

297 d from the U.S. swine population by 2013 via reassortment with other swIAVs, these antigens reemerged

298 circulated in swine since being acquired by reassortment with seasonal human H3N2 viruses in 2001-20

299 ting in pig populations set the stage for PA reassortments with the potential to generate novel virus

300 Reassortment within polymerase genes causes changes in t