ライフサイエンスコーパス: reductant

1 the presence of an external electron donor (reductant).

2 he catalyst and phenylsilane as the terminal reductant.

3 ) and can be used as an oxidant as well as a reductant.

4 ely attached CO dehydrogenase) or a chemical reductant.

5 , when combined with a Hantzsch ester as the reductant.

6 ocesses by choice of the appropriate oxidant/reductant.

7 ical calculations showing that BU6 acts as a reductant.

8 d on the other hand it acts as a sacrificial reductant.

9 n the presence of glutathione that acts as a reductant.

10 cids using triethylphosphite as the terminal reductant.

11 sion of CO2 into HCO2 Bpin with HBpin as the reductant.

12 ates in the presence of hydrosilane terminal reductant.

13 tion rates involving oxide-bound Fe(2+) as a reductant.

14 lamin to AdoCbl in the presence of ATP and a reductant.

15 avoid the costs associated with this natural reductant.

16 er from CuA using a physiologically relevant reductant.

17 drogen atom donor as well as an outer-sphere reductant.

18 ed through the choice of the solvent and the reductant.

19 dichloroalkenes using Zn as a stoichiometric reductant.

20 subsequent stepwise hydrogenation with CO as reductant.

21 -light-driven CO2 reduction using water as a reductant.

22 oximately 30% as a function of in situ added reductant.

23 a slight excess of triethyl phosphite as the reductant.

24 ROS in vitro in the presence of a biological reductant.

25 lI yields P and then CAM without an external reductant.

26 ) to ABTS(2-), that NAD(+) can function as a reductant.

27 otein disulfide bonds using glutathione as a reductant.

28 hen dithionite and mediators are used as the reductant.

29 in C. reinhardtii does not require Asc as a reductant.

30 er aerobic conditions in the presence of the reductant.

31 orane depending on the hydroborane used as a reductant.

32 conditions without the need for an external reductant.

33 , pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant.

34 g aqueous sodium formate as a stoichiometric reductant.

35 opropyl alcohol as both a solvent and formal reductant.

36 e by producing NADPH, the main intracellular reductant.

37 or photoexcited state of which is a powerful reductant.

38 involving two component proteins, MgATP and reductant.

39 on of a Ni catalyst with TDAE as sacrificial reductant.

40 ro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH) as sacrificial reductant.

41 elucidating the importance of the choice of reductant.

42 g concentrations of (adsorbed) Fe(II) as the reductant.

43 ubbles, providing a reservoir of sacrificial reductant.

44 acid, or a base to activate the substrate or reductant.

45 t niches differing in the types of available reductants.

46 uires no toxic transition metals or external reductants.

47 llowing H2O2 detection by its reduction, and reductants.

48 its formation is NO reduction by biological reductants.

49 was overcome by introducing alkali atoms as reductants.

50 n to effect this conversion without external reductants.

51 y relevant non-tertiary alcohols as terminal reductants.

52 ire stoichiometric quantities of high-energy reductants.

53 ymatic reductase versus other small molecule reductants.

54 show that Ru360 is deactivated by biological reductants.

55 as a substrate in the presence or absence of reductants.

56 aces where they can be scavenged by cellular reductants.

57 acrylamide, and thiol- and phosphorus-based reductants.

58 attainable by other single electron transfer reductants.

59 acellular matrix for oxidative catabolism of reductants.

60 ransformations that require dissolving metal reductants.

61 e reduction of nitro compounds using various reductants.

62 sensitive with respect to common hydrosilane reductants.

63 n reactions that use stoichiometric metallic reductants.

64 e bracketed through addition of outer-sphere reductants.

65 etF than by the previously employed chemical reductant, 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate.

66 step in the catalytic cycle, the sacrificial reductant, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, scavenges the excit

67 ium smoothly unmasks the powerful 2-electron reductant 4 from either 2 or 3, which is demonstrated by

68 Such reductant acts as a building block of mesostructured fra

69 etic characterization to investigate how the reductant affects H(2)O(2)-driven degradation of (14)C-l

70 iments were performed at pH 6 with ligand or reductant alone and in combination, and under both oxic

71 ith black carbon and serves as both a strong reductant and a nucleophile for the abiotic transformati

72 utidinium triflate (Lut-H) are employed as a reductant and a proton source, respectively.

73 -99%) using decamethylferrocene (Fc*) as the reductant and acetic acid as the proton source.

74 experiment using Cp*2Co and [H2NPh2][OTf] as reductant and acid source.

75 with a sacrificial sterically hindered amine reductant and an onium salt oxidant.

76 traviolet light, use hydrogen sulfide as the reductant and can be accelerated by Cu(I)-Cu(II) photore

77 be enacted wherein alcohols serve dually as reductant and carbonyl proelectrophile.

78 combination with hydrogen gas as a terminal reductant and enables the high-yielding reduction of sug

79 e unknown ability of NAD(+) to function as a reductant and H(-) donor may lead to undiscovered biolog

80 nonphotosynthetic plastids the OPPP produces reductant and metabolic intermediates for central biosyn

81 vestigations of its use as a strong chemical reductant and metalloligand.

82 l chloride reduction with Ti(III)-citrate as reductant and methyl viologen as mediator were similar t

83 enophile in the presence of iron powder as a reductant and montmorillonite K10 as a catalyst in aqueo

84 s on triethylphosphite as the stoichiometric reductant and organocatalytic benzoisothiazolone/O2 in a

85 gen source was achieved using Mo(CO)6 as the reductant and origin of the CO.

86 Previously recognized as an effective reductant and oxygen scavenger, nanoparticulate FeS was

87 amide using decamethylferrocene as a soluble reductant and para-toluenesulfonic acid ( pTsOH) as the

88 e adsorption of dyes by converting to Cr(VI) reductant and porous carbon material.

89 own to be active in vitro in the presence of reductant and purified as a tetramer, as determined by a

90 glutathione (GSH) is a crucial intracellular reductant and radical scavenger, but it may also coordin

91 ons of Sm(II) employing a terminal magnesium reductant and trimethylsilyl chloride in concert with a

92 nisms, providing NADPH for use as a cellular reductant and various carbohydrate intermediates used in

93 enson-Bassham (CBB) cycle for photosynthetic reductants and 2) inactivation of H(2)ase by O(2) coevol

94 nsfer were used to determine the appropriate reductants and acids to access the catalytic cycle in a

95 eactions that typically require alkali metal reductants and can be used in other organic transformati

96 oxygen and iron, here we report a search for reductants and catalysts of intracellular phenazine redu

97 reviously described with strong one-electron reductants and electrophiles.

98 ethod avoids the use of stoichiometric metal reductants and is compatible with the presence of haloge

99 reducing assay can detect various biological reductants and is especially sensitive to glutathione (G

100 vitro assembly reactions involved artificial reductants and lacked at least one of the in vivo-identi

101 The observed coexudation of reductants and ligands has raised the question of how re

102 nding and investigation of key factors (e.g. reductants and ligands) in the fabrication process limit

103 oxidation, and the availability of inorganic reductants and organic electron donors that consume oxid

104 rea MoS2 is chemically doped using molecular reductants and oxidants.

105 The synergy between reductants and rare-earth-metal complexes allows the cle

106 the absence of stoichiometric heterogeneous reductants and uses an inexpensive organic photocatalyst

107 ndrial [4Fe-4S] aconitase without artificial reductants and verified the [2Fe-2S]-containing GLRX5 as

108 n of each pathway to FAS in terms of carbon, reductant, and energy provision was assessed by measurin

109 is an exceptionally efficient stoichiometric reductant, and it is now possible to significantly decre

110 and two-input combinations involving enzyme, reductant, and light.

111 ilities because of sulfide, which is a known reductant, and Mn, the oxyhydroxides of which are known

112 , diethoxymethylsilane as the stoichiometric reductant, and O-benzoylhydroxylamines as the electrophi

113 dots (QDs), without a sacrificial oxidant or reductant, and without a co-catalyst.

114 nt, spin state, redox potential, external co-reductants, and ligand architecture can all play importa

115 ecies for substrate reductions avoids strong reductants, and may enable nitrogenase to reduce multipl

116 +) dissociation occurs in the absence of any reductants, apparently through a hydrolytic mechanism th

117 Excess reductant appears to be dissipated via cyanide-insensiti

118 For such reactions, equally inexpensive reductants are desired or, ideally, corresponding hydrog

119 tom-economical as stoichiometric oxidants or reductants are not required.

120 vents the use of air- and moisture-sensitive reductants as well as the application of anhydrous Co-pr

121 rted the detection of TR1, which is the Trx1 reductant, as well as mitochondrial intermembrane protei

122 istic effects between biogenic ligands and a reductant (ascorbate) can occur in Fe mobilization from

123 lenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED)) and a reductant (ascorbate) in goethite dissolution.

124 ut detriment to turnover by inclusion of the reductant, ascorbate.

125 NH3 under an atmosphere of N2 with acid and reductant at low temperatures.

126 one of the most widely used single-electron reductants available to organic chemists because it is e

127 f the metallacycle Ni-O bond with the silane reductant becomes rate limiting.

128 not only eliminates the need for an external reductant but also regulates the pH of the reaction mixt

129 studies demonstrate the importance of native reductants by revealing reactivity unobserved when dithi

130 ted from benzylic acetals, TMSCl, and a mild reductant can participate in chemoselective cross-coupli

131 This previously unexpected reductant capacity for yeast Sil1 has potential implicat

132 cal processes including supply of energy and reductants, carbon reallocation from protein and starch,

133 nergy issue that can be overcome by stronger reductants/catalysts.

134 An imbalance of cellular oxidants and reductants causes redox stress, which must be rapidly de

135 ickel site (20% occupancy), with addition of reductant causing further mismetallation of the nickel s

136 o ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) using the molecular reductants CoCp*2 and CrCp*2 [Cp* = eta(5)-pentamethylcy

137 Notably, the reductant (CoCp*2) and acid (Ph2NH2OTf) used are conside

138 e considered: first-order; Michaelis-Menten; reductant; competition; and combined models.

139 ce of initial rates of chitin degradation on reductant concentration followed hyperbolic saturation k

140 tron mediators at the anode and by enhancing reductant concentrations at the cathode.

141 redox states of these sites under different reductant conditions, showing that the Cu(Z)* site acces

142 -terminal domain of the unique transmembrane reductant conductor DsbD as a model for an in-depth anal

143 the largest reported to date for low-valent reductants containing bound water.

144 We explored if alternate reductants could overcome this limitation with a primary

145 Upon soaking in a solution of the reductant Cp2Co, Mn((N,O)L)(DMSO) undergoes a ligand-cen

146 rochemical conditions, where the homogeneous reductant decamethylferrocene (Cp*(2)Fe) is used, H(2)O(

147 ment due to competition with various natural reductant demand (NRD) processes, especially the reducti

148 elop an efficient method, i.e. the excessive-reductant-directed gelation strategy.

149 Formate can be used as reductant directly in the active site, or glutaredoxins

150 By contrast, in the absence of the strong reductant, dithionite, the carboxylate of 6-CP is esteri

151 hydrogen-evolving Hyc enzyme, removes excess reductant during fermentative growth.

152 e 1T phase under a large excess of the NaBH4 reductant during synthesis can effectively improve the i

153 either as oxidants (e.g., Cp(2)Fe(+)) or as reductants (e.g., Cp(2)Co, Cp*(2)Co, and Cp*(2)Cr).

154 mbination of Ni catalysis with TDAE as final reductant enables the direct formation of Csp(3)-Csp(3)

155 ing these challenges, by serving as both the reductant, (Fe(II)), and the immobilization agent to for

156 of flavin hydroquinone as a single electron reductant, flavin semiquinone as the hydrogen atom sourc

157 Fe protein cycle involving the physiological reductant flavodoxin reported a major revision of the ra

158 yed to the next cycle where it serves as the reductant for C-C bond formation.

159 The potential synergism between ligand and reductant for iron (hydr)oxide dissolution may have impo

160 We report the discovery of an outstanding reductant for metal-catalyzed radical hydrofunctionaliza

161 nge peel powder (OP) is valorized as a green reductant for the leaching of industrially produced LIBs

162 en gas has enormous potential as a source of reductant for the microbial production of biofuels, but

163 sible-light, catalytic Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, and a reductant fragments to form the corresponding tertiary c

164 bonyl compounds under catalyst- and external-reductant-free conditions, with deuteration rates as hig

165 Key features of this gas- and reductant-free reaction include the low loadings of pall

166 n act as a multifunctional electron sink for reductant from cytosolic pathways.

167 e report on a strategy that combines a clean reductant (H(2)) with a cheap source of (2)H-atoms ((2)H

168 rophile coupling reaction employs an organic reductant (Hantzsch ester), whereas most reductive cross

169 nes using formic acid and Zn as the terminal reductants has been developed.

170 effective redox potential of these powerful reductants has not been determined.

171 ields and high ee values were obtained using reductant HBpin.

172 etane P-oxide) together with a mild terminal reductant hydrosilane to drive the selective installatio

173 hydrothermal method with varying amounts of reductant, i.e., sodium borohydride (NaBH4).

174 ment, indicating adaptation to use H(2) as a reductant in basaltic catchments.

175 been known to function as a single electron reductant in biological settings, but this reactivity ha

176 henylsilane is not the kinetically preferred reductant in many of these transformations.

177 conducted to identify the role of O2 and the reductant in product formation.

178 ethod with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant in the presence of 0.8% wt. sodium carboxymeth

179 rnative to pre-formed carbanions or metallic reductants in C=X addition.

180 ypothesize that the allocation of carbon and reductants in diatoms is controlled by a feedback mechan

181 was generated by reaction with one-electron reductants in laser flash-quench experiments and could b

182 Ferrous iron-bearing minerals are important reductants in the contaminated subsurface, but their ava

183 t-mining natural attenuation by the residual reductants in the ore body and reduced down-gradient sed

184 hen applied to computationally predict amine reductant initiators with faster initiating kinetics.

185 and is realized via the addition of chemical reductants into the polymerization reactor.

186 gous potentiometric titration of any soluble reductants involving so many electrons.

187 We propose that the active reductant is an N,O chelate formed between SmI2 and 2 eq

188 While the use of triphenylphosphine as a reductant is common in organic synthesis, the resulting

189 monoxide, pressurized gas, or stoichiometric reductant is employed.

190 n activating agent and hydrogen as the final reductant is introduced.

191 ical O(2)-driven monooxygenase reaction, the reductant is needed in stoichiometric amounts.

192 Subsequently, reductant is removed and all disulfide bridges are reoxi

193 ndent on whether an electrode or homogeneous reductant is used.

194 usly, the photobiological flux of carbon and reductants is used to synthesize lipids.

195 e generated, H2S can be oxidized to generate reductant-labile sulfane sulfur pools, which include hyd

196 elying on the specific properties of various reductants lead to the proposal that this surface prered

197 reductase-based reduction system, with other reductants leading to an uncoupled cleavage of the co-su

198 ter reduction of this dichloride with strong reductants like the Mg(I) reagent {((Mes)Nacnac)Mg}(2) (

199 up to 47 equiv for P3(C)) by increasing acid/reductant loading with highly purified acid.

200 ng metabolic activities with availability of reductant, making it a critical factor in the global car

201 The reductant model achieved best results, but required very

202 Using hydrogen gas as the reductant, monophenols are obtained with a low catalyst

203 ts obtained using different alkali metals as reductants (Na, K, Rb, Cs).

204 metabolic activities that could generate the reductant necessary to explain the high H2 yield.

205 NADPH is a critical reductant needed in cancer cells to fuel the biosynthesi

206 lasmic thioredoxin (TlpA) acts as a specific reductant not only for the Cu(2+) transfer chaperone Sco

207 odisulfide and highlight its reactivity with reductants, nucleophiles, electrophiles, acids, and base

208 We further show that HEPES buffer is a reductant of lattice Mn(IV) in the vernadite structure i

209 ght in combination with NADH, the ubiquitous reductant of life.

210 s a base in the transformation but also as a reductant of the peroxide to the corresponding alpha-hyd

211 An investigation of the native reductant of the system revealed no interaction with glu

212 The nitroxyl radicals served as selective reductants of APO-I, reacting only slowly with APO-II.

213 aring clay minerals are widespread potential reductants of Cr(VI), but the kinetics and pathways of C

214 ed discrimination between the effects of the reductant on LPMO priming and other effects, in particul

215 However, the influence of the reductant on reducing the LPMO or on H(2)O(2) production

216 additional electron sink for photogenerated reductant or by dampening the generation of reactive oxy

217 Goethite dissolution in the presence of reductant or ligand alone followed classic surface-contr

218 tion is mediated by microbes or by inorganic reductants), our results demonstrate that mineral format

219 olysaccharide monooxygenase/peroxygenase and reductant oxidase/peroxidase activities, and on reaction

220 s, the ACF system contains Pd/H2 as catalyst/reductant pair for fast reduction of Fe(III) back to Fe(

221 Acid-reductant pairs with effective bond dissociation free en

222 activity is seen for 2 with separated proton/reductant pairs.

223 d membranes: they regulate redox balance and reductant partitioning in these oxygenic photosynthetic

224 loadings (>=2 mol%), and innocuous terminal reductants (polymethylhydrosiloxane).

225 ms, carbon monoxide was used as the terminal reductant, preventing difficult postreaction separations

226 Photosynthetic growth of P. aestuarii using reductant provided by either an electrode or syntrophy i

227 the presence of silane and titanium alkoxide reductants provides direct access to skipped diene produ

228 ing depends on the relative contributions of reductant reactivity, on the LPMO's polysaccharide monoo

229 this radical one of the most potent chemical reductants reported(12).

230 NADPH ratio from photosynthesis and balances reductant requirements of biosynthesis with maintaining

231 vary considerably in terms of complexity and reductant requirements.

232 lts from inability of the mutant to activate reductant-requiring pathways that detoxify ROS when phot

233 drosulfide anion functions as a one-electron reductant, resulting in the formation of polysulfide ani

234 -deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) as a sacrificial reductant results in a quantitative yield of dG and two-

235 Characterization of these intercompartment reductant shuttles broadens our understanding of energy

236 hypothesized as the primary intercompartment reductant shuttles for mediating excess light energy dis

237 ough most organisms use soluble oxidants and reductants, some microbes can access solid-phase materia

238 ll metabolome indicates that these cells are reductant-starved in the dark, likely because enzymes of

239 chondrial respiration partially relieved the reductant stress; however, prolonged high-light exposure

240 and C-terminal motifs and indeed requires a reductant stronger than GSH to increase its efficiency.

241 d formic acid and uses oxygen and a cellular reductant such as ferredoxin (Fd) as co-substrates.

242 mic spectrometry (CF-HG-AS), using different reductants such as borane-ammonia (AB), borane-tert-buty

243 Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited b

244 at positions 68 and 73 in the presence of a reductant suggest that the enzyme does not require a dis

245 ntrations is controlled by the chloroplastic reductant supply.

246 Hydrogen (H(2)) is a potent reductant that can be generated when water interacts wit

247 nverting an unused by-product, formate, to a reductant that can be used by ADO.

248 gents that require special handling or harsh reductants that limit functionality.

249 In addition, when enough reductant (that is, H2) is provided, the fermentation em

250 In the presence of excess reductant, the number of electrons per NC (ne(-)) reache

251 In the presence of heme and reductant, the ROS scavenging experiments show that Irr

252 ormed in the absence of metals, oxidants, or reductants, the reaction tolerates a large number of use

253 For most reductants, the results are inconsistent with simple rat

254 sis without net generation of photosynthetic reductants, the two AEF are critical for restoration of

255 The differences between the reductants, the volume dependence, calculations of the F

256 violaxanthin de-epoxidase requires Asc as a reductant; thereby, Asc is required for the energy-depen

257 P production was restored by the addition of reductants, these findings may be relevant to novel redo

258 ded by peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) and their main reductants, thioredoxins (Trxs).

259 an organic photoredox catalyst and an amine reductant, this process operates through a reductive rad

260 oxidized at the electrode and reduced by the reductant; thus, the signal is amplified in situ during

261 ) in conjunction with a hydrosilane terminal reductant to afford a general entry to sulfenyl electrop

262 the presence of a diamine ligand and a metal reductant to allow late-stage incorporation of saturated

263 d bromenium oxidant and terminal hydrosilane reductant to drive successive C-N and C-C bond-forming d

264 methylphosphetane P-oxide) and a hydrosilane reductant to drive the conversion of ortho-functionalize

265 ignificant in terms of providing respiratory reductant to facilitate either organ colonization or con

266 -light-driven CO2 reduction using water as a reductant to generate CO and O2, with the assistance of

267 Instead of a Lewis base we use a chemical reductant to generate stable radical anions of two highl

268 n (Fd) pathway, involved in recycling excess reductant to increase ATP synthesis, may be controlled b

269 driving force for electron transfer from the reductant to the NCs was varied systematically by the ad

270 e species plays the dual role of reagent and reductant to yield [{(eta(5) -C5 H5 )Co}2 {mu:eta(6) ,et

271 y exceed the reducing potentials of chemical reductants to activate catalysts with improved reactivit

272 e reduced by strong chemical and biochemical reductants to Fe(II)-CBS, which can bind carbon monoxide

273 nd its excited state can be quenched by mild reductants to generate a powerful electron transfer reag

274 Thermal nitrogen fixation relies on strong reductants to overcome the extraordinarily large N-N bon

275 ith reducing radicals and other one-electron reductants to produce a relatively stable product, the h

276 h ketyl radicals that act as single electron reductants to sustain the chain reactions.

277 the presence of tetramethyldisiloxane, as a reductant, to directly generate hemiaminal species able

278 ensitizer in the first catalytic cycle and a reductant toward the cyanoarene in the second catalytic

279 By employing a reductant, tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride

280 cted with ascorbate or N-acetylcysteine as a reductant under aerobic conditions identified d2Ih as th

281 onal redox potential, thus creating powerful reductants under mild conditions.

282 The possible utility of reductant upconversion encompasses redox chain reactions

283 Electron (reductant) upconversion can produce up to 20-25 kcal mol

284 s deperoxidation step via (i) the removal of reductant (use of different base, e.g., DBU) or the modu

285 ntial at pH 7.0 (E degrees 'H) of all of the reductants used in these experiments (AH2DS, CN32, dithi

286 *W(CNAr)6 complexes are exceptionally strong reductants: [W(CNAr)6](+)/*W(CNAr)6 potentials are more

287 der rate constant k2 = 0.003 min(-1); when a reductant was added, these chlorinated intermediates wer

288 The role of the reductant was also investigated in depth, suggesting tha

289 Results showed that the obtained reductant was mainly composed of Fe(0) and Cu(0), and ex

290 Herein, unveiling multiple roles of reductants, we develop an efficient method, i.e. the exc

291 N(2)O generation by 2 using 1 and 2 equiv of reductant were characterized by molecular structure dete

292 ration kinetics, and differences between the reductants were manifested in large variations in their

293 -(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidine (MPP) as amine reductant, which we confirmed significantly outperforms

294 ection employs tripropylamine, a sacrificial reductant, while applying 0.95 V vs Ag/AgCl.

295 n reduced coenzyme F420 (F420H2), a stronger reductant with a mid-point redox potential (E'0) of -360

296 nd optical titrations with NADH or inorganic reductants with and without NAD(+), we propose a catalyt

297 at these compounds are reduced by biological reductants with loss of the axial ligands.

298 more efficient H(2)O(2)-driven reaction, the reductant would be needed only for the initial reduction

299 and nontoxic catalyst (iron(II) bromide) and reductant (zinc).

300 The use of mild terminal reductants (Zn or Et2 Zn) confers significant functional