ライフサイエンスコーパス: refraction

1 ble postoperative refraction minus predicted refraction).

2 nderwent detailed ophthalmic examination and refraction.

3 time-reversed optical behavior, and negative refraction.

4 t non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and subjective refraction.

5 he geometric constraint due to the plasmonic refraction.

6 ontrolling for relatedness, age, gender, and refraction.

7 he observation of both positive and negative refraction.

8 t eyes), and the effects of age, gender, and refraction.

9 e refraction, and attempted predicted target refraction.

10 thickness also varied with age, gender, and refraction.

11 including dilated fundoscopy and cycloplegic refraction.

12 = 20/30, improving to >20/30 with subjective refraction.

13 , slow-light modes and parallel-to-interface refraction.

14 l acuities (UNVA), keratometry, and manifest refraction.

15 metric astigmatism, and spherical equivalent refraction.

16 arized light provides anisotropic indices of refraction.

17 nt effect on the prediction of postoperative refraction.

18 r on any combination of spherical equivalent refraction.

19 hod of undercorrection, and serial follow-up refractions.

20 tions were compared with preoperative target refractions.

21 The Haigis formula with target refraction -0.50 D was used.

22 el multifocal soft contact lenses (change in refraction: -0.15D, [- 0.27 to - 0.03] in 1 year).

23 year), 0.01% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.50D, [- 0.76 to - 0.24] in 1 year).

24 .025 to 0.05% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.51D, [- 0.60 to - 0.41] in 1 year), 0.01%

25 eyedrops; 1% atropine vs placebo (change in refraction: -0.78D, [- 1.30 to - 0.25] in 1 year), 0.025

26 s calculated by the software) and the actual refraction 1 month after surgery.

27 of the SRK/T formula in predicting a target refraction +/-1.0D in short and long eyes using ultrasou

28 bined with the Haigis formula set for target refraction -1.00 D produces acceptable results aiming fo

29 After refraction, 33% had VA >20/60 in their better eye and 33

30 d more eyes within +/-0.25 D of the intended refraction (76 out of 127 eyes [59.84%]) compared to oth

31 eyes were within +/- 0.50 D of the predicted refraction, 85.7% were within +/- 1.00 D, and 100% withi

32 bA1c and lipid profile, 31.8%), OCT (27.4%), refraction (9.9%), B-scan (8.7%), fundus photography (8.

33 to describe the optical beam propagation and refraction across the interface of two metal-dielectric

34 By using the actual refraction after cataract surgery as target refraction,

35 r crystal) to demonstrate all angle negative refraction along with superior transmission.

36 miconductor junction are expected to undergo refraction, analogous to light rays across an optical bo

37 hod is capable of measuring the attenuation, refraction and (ultra-small-angle) X-ray scattering, doe

38 a Hartmann-Shack sensor to measure the eye's refraction and aberrations for a 4-mm pupil diameter.

39 eets possess unprecedentedly large nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients near excitonic re

40 a, onchocerciasis, vitamin A deficiency, and refraction and accommodation disorders were underreprese

41 Refraction and axial components were measured as describ

42 Compared with Cre-negative littermates, the refraction and axial dimensions of Chx10-Cre;Ai9 mice we

43 f preoperative biometrics with postoperative refraction and calculation of predicted refractive outco

44 is discussed, since it is based on negative refraction and can be extended to matter waves utilizing

45 roperties of metamaterials, such as negative refraction and diffraction-free propagation, with device

46 Mean CDVA, manifest refraction and endothelial cell density did not change.

47 ted visual acuity, stereoacuity, cycloplegic refraction and funduscopy).

48 Visual acuity, refraction and general cognition were assessed and corre

49 n lens design showed a significant effect on refraction and IOL power predictions for all formulas an

50 ve correction was lack of perceived need for refraction and its correction.

51 Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accura

52 Choroidal thickness, refraction and ocular axial length had no detectable eff

53 A new control mechanism employing two-beam refraction and one solenoid valve was developed and foun

54 However, refraction and reflections at material interfaces impede

55 ded photonic crystals demonstrating negative refraction and reversed phase propagation.

56 d tomography (CT) maps of sample absorption, refraction and scattering properties.

57 ensive eye examination including cycloplegic refraction and sensorimotor testing within 6 months of t

58 mination, including subjective and objective refraction and stereoscopic fundus photography.

59 between the magnitude of preoperative myopic refraction and the central epithelial thickness at 1, 3,

60 as the difference between the postoperative refraction and the refraction predicted by each formula

61 erlinz and Georgiadis, the apparent index of refraction and the thickness of a waveguide can be measu

62 differences between habitual and i.Scription refractions and their relationship to night vision compl

63 the daily fluctuations of corneal thickness, refraction, and (glare) visual acuity in advanced FECD.

64 months to 63 years (median age 6 years) had refraction, and 2WIN yielded high degrees of correlation

65 egment examination, objective and subjective refraction, and assessment of heterophoria, vergence and

66 ifference between the achieved postoperative refraction, and attempted predicted target refraction.

67 The intraocular pressure, refraction, and central corneal thickness were not affec

68 nts who reported 1 or more of visual acuity, refraction, and corneal curvature measures: steep kerato

69 s, and our key outcome measures were vision, refraction, and corneal curvature.

70 Absorption, refraction, and dark-field are retrieved through a multi

71 Patients underwent refraction, and digital retroillumination photographs we

72 outcome measures were graft survival, BCVA, refraction, and ECD.

73 le-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, and endothelial cell density (ECD).

74 cGowan's characteristic volume, excess molar refraction, and hydrogen acidity and basicity, respectiv

75 ts, endothelial cell density, biomicroscopy, refraction, and intraoperative and postoperative complic

76 orneal power (CP), noncycloplegic subjective refraction, and lens nuclear opalescence (NOP) grading.

77 ogical examination, including visual acuity, refraction, and ocular motility tests; anterior and post

78 or partial coherence interferometry), target refraction, and pupil size had been entered.

79 basic screening eye care, including vision, refraction, and retinal photography.

80 VA; Snellen's charts), Orbscan, retinoscopy, refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were performed.

81 Scheimpflug tomography, manifest refraction, and slit-lamp examination.

82 ual acuity (UDVA), stability of the manifest refraction, and vector analysis of refractive cylinder a

83 ologists to provide visual acuity (VA), IOP, refraction, and VFs (P< 0.01 for each).

84 a battery of tests; visual acuity, objective refraction, anterior and posterior segments examination

85 The post-RK refraction appears to be the most important parameter, w

86 that is, the difference between the expected refraction (as calculated by the software) and the actua

87 (D), whereas the mean postoperative manifest refraction astigmatic error (vertexed to the corneal sur

88 Postoperative manifest refraction astigmatism was 1.58 +/- 1.25 D overall, but

89 Postoperative refraction at 1 year was not related to centration or ci

90 econd eye within 1.0 dioptre from the target refraction, at 4 weeks after surgery.

91 , IOP (using noncontact tonometry), manifest refraction, average keratometry, age, gender, and postop

92 Cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), accommodation amplitude,

93 compared with preoperative predicted target refraction based on in-the-bag IOL calculations.

94 he differences between the expected residual refraction based on ray tracing and that predicted with

95 surements obtained: subjective and objective refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, accommodation,

96 he other 2 lenses showed mean differences in refraction between +0.046 D for Hill-Radial Basis Functi

97 ologic disorders; visual acuity of >/=20/25; refraction between -6 diopters (D) to 6 D, and IOP of 6

98 The change in refraction between baseline and the visit when the macul

99 The highest mean difference in the residual refraction between the target IOL measured by ray tracin

100 The VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)

101 (1196 of 1275) achieved +/- 1.0 D of target refraction by 90 days after cataract surgery.

102 ar dielectric magnifying lens using negative refraction by degenerate four-wave mixing in a plano-con

103 The aperture stop of the iris is subject to refraction by the cornea, and thus an outside observer s

104 via FLACS, in combination with preoperative refraction calculation, is minimal.

105 Optical refraction causes light to bend at interfaces between op

106 Preoperative BSCVA, topography, refraction, CCT, and apical scarring were significant pr

107 The manifest spherical equivalent refraction changed on average by +0.71+/-1.44 D (P = 0.0

108 ma, cotton-wool spots, globe flattening, and refraction changes.

109 Visual acuity, stereoacuity, refraction, clinical findings of slit-lamp and dilated f

110 Preoperative BSCVA, Kmax, refraction, corneal cylinder, coma, central corneal thic

111 g corneal Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam), refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and

112 Manifest refractions, cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected and be

113 ion [logMAR]), manifest spherical equivalent refraction (D), central corneal thickness (CCT, micromet

114 The mean spherical and cylindrical refraction decreased significantly (P < .001 for both).

115 Refraction decreased the likelihood of sporadic vision l

116 arity, the measured nonlinear absorption and refraction demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude

117 Pre-operative refraction demonstrated hypermetropia, yet swept-source

118 tients underwent visual acuity (VA) testing, refraction, dilated fundus examination fluorescein angio

119 ms of PP-LFERs that include the excess molar refraction (E) sometimes led to substantial errors (>1 l

120 Refraction, ECD loss (40% at 3 months; P < 0.001), donor

121 The direct consequence of such time-refraction effect is a change in the frequency of light

122 corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), topography, refraction, endothelial cell density, corneal thickness,

123 Myopic subjects with refraction error greater than -2 diopters (D) (spherical

124 es and different baseline factors, including refraction error, wearing age and lens replacement frequ

125 in 1D and 3D are stated that imply negative refraction for a generic incoming quantum wave packet.

126 nts older than 18 years of age with a stable refraction for at least 1 year who were good candidates

127 uivalent and postgestational age at the last refraction for IVB-treated eyes were -2.4 diopters (D) a

128 action method claims to optimize traditional refractions for mesopic and scotopic conditions, by usin

129 The residual refractions for the individual target IOL were compared

130 g best-corrected visual acuity and objective refraction, fundus photography, visual field perimetry,

131 , 4166 attended an eye examination including refraction, gave a blood sample, and were interviewed by

132 r the dark adaptation rate and axial length, refraction, gender or age.

133 districts, with referrals made as needed for refraction (glasses measurement) and cataract surgery to

134 BCVA, steep and flat simulated keratometry, refraction, graft clarity, and complications.

135 es were poor in 22.4% of eyes (postoperative refraction >/=1 diopter of target), and were statistical

136 i presented to aquatic animals in water, yet refraction has often been ignored in the design and inte

137 desirable properties such as high indices of refraction, high nonlinearities, and large windows of tr

138 High index of refraction (I/R), surface reflectivity, and IOL optic de

139 Main Outcomes and Measures: Visual acuity, refraction in cycloplegia, and manifest strabismus were

140 llected to calculate spherical equivalent of refraction in diopters (D) and further classified into 4

141 der polarizability, which leads to nonlinear refraction in macroscopic systems, have important benefi

142 vides good long-term safety and stability of refraction in patients with high myopia compared with si

143 tive-metasurface devices, with nondispersive refraction in the visible, are experimentally demonstrat

144 inorganic materials show positive nonlinear refraction in this limit.

145 ceptable results aiming for -0.50 D final SE refractions in former RK patients undergoing routine cat

146 performance liquid chromatography coupled to refraction index, diode array and fluorescence detector,

147 Additionally it is shown that negative refraction indices allow perfect transmission of the wav

148 scattering theory it is shown that negative refraction indices are feasible for matter waves passing

149 ethnicity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, refraction, IOP(cc) and corneal hysteresis with photorec

150 a structure that varies with age, ethnicity, refraction, IOP, and smoking.

151 ent value with non-cycloplegic PlusOptix A09 refraction is closer to that with cycloplegic autorefrac

152 onditions and (2) the endpoint of subjective refraction is elusive in keratoconic eyes, relative to h

153 f non-absorbing materials where the index of refraction is randomly arranged in space.

154 , wave mode conversion related with negative refraction is revealed and discussed.

155 experimentally show that the effect of time refraction is significantly enhanced in an epsilon-near-

156 Subjective refraction is the gold-standard for prescribing refracti

157 effect, which can be called inverse magneto-refraction, is allowed in a material of any symmetry.

158 rrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), manifest refraction, KA and mean keratometry (KM), corneal aberro

159 Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, keratometry and topography were recorded at

160 ted distance visual acuity (BCDVA), manifest refraction, keratometry, adverse events, spectacle use,

161 We included 180 children exhibiting refraction < 3 D in both eyes: 88 (48.9%) girls and 92 (

162 -cycloplegic subjective spherical equivalent refraction <= - 0.50 diopters.

163 ement) and 32 gender-, age-, ethnicity-, and refraction-matched healthy controls.

164 ilateral myopic SMILE and 30 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched patients scheduled for bilateral myop

165 The three groups were refraction-matched, and both visual and refractive outco

166 A and preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction, mean astigmatism, and postoperative CCT were

167 D vs. -0.50 D sphere; P = 0.02) on objective refraction, mean keratometry of the steep meridian (45.1

168 visual acuity (BSCVA), spherical equivalent refraction, mean keratometry, keratometric astigmatism,

169 ch formulas should be tested for comparison, refraction measurement (testing distance), as well as th

170 opentolate hydrochloride, children underwent refraction measurement with the PlusOptix A09.

171 Biometry and refraction measurements were conducted preoperatively an

172 thickness [CCT], intraocular pressure [IOP], refraction, medications), as well as medical, surgical,

173 The i.Scription refraction method claims to optimize traditional refract

174 c error was calculated (stable postoperative refraction minus predicted refraction).

175 Average prediction error (postoperative SE refraction minus target refraction) was -0.19+/-0.72 D.

176 mination at 1 and 3 months included manifest refraction; monocular and binocular uncorrected (UCVA) a

177 adjusted to approximate preoperative target refraction more accurately.

178 perative to postoperative change in manifest refraction (MRx) using the t test with generalized estim

179 lms demonstrate a surprisingly high index of refraction (n > 3.9), and structural fidelity compatible

180 method for measuring the nonlinear index of refraction, n(2).

181 eal diameter and clarity, optic disc status, refraction, need for anti-glaucoma therapy, and occurren

182 by the conditions at which negative acoustic refraction occurs.

183 Median (range) refraction OD/OS was +0.88/+1.25 (-8.75 to +4.75/-9.38 t

184 thresholds, based on a change in calculated refraction of +/-0.25 diopter, increased this number to

185 had a diagnosis of nanophthalmos, with mean refraction of +11.8 D and mean axial length of 17.6 mm.

186 ange [IQR], -0.47 to -0.17) with an achieved refraction of -0.63 to 0.56 (IQR).

187 +/- 3 years with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -1.08 +/- 2.62 diopters (D) and mean astig

188 with a mean decrease in spherical equivalent refraction of 0.24 diopters per year.

189 which corresponds to a typical difference in refraction of approximately 0.5 diopters (D).

190 uctures, as well as color-switching systems, refraction of assembled birefringent nanostructures, and

191 ur-fold enhancement of the nonlinear optical refraction of copper oxide nanoellipsoids at the wavelen

192 e presence of electrolytes with a high molar refraction of either anions or cations.

193 Negative refraction of elastic waves has been studied and experim

194 tion highlights that low gestational age and refraction of the eye are independent risk factors for s

195 nity variations, the changes in the index of refraction of water or air due to turbulent microstructu

196 ns of Plusoptix agreed more closely with the refractions of our pediatric ophthalmologists.

197 The binocular refractions of Plusoptix agreed more closely with the re

198 tant parameter, with inclusion of the pre-RK refraction offering a further slight improvement in MedA

199 ference between the habitual and i.Scription refractions on both the sphere and cylinder values [(t =

200 functionalities including one-way anomalous refraction, one-way focusing, asymmetric focusing, and d

201 found no difference between groups for age, refraction, optic disc diameter, CRAE, or fractal dimens

202 r values between the habitual and subjective refractions or on any combination of spherical equivalen

203 (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.61), and hyperopic refraction (OR, 1.17 per 1-diopter increase in spherical

204 erminus spectacles (-2.50 D over cycloplegic refraction) or observation (non-overminus spectacles if

205 onveyed by shading, specularity, reflection, refraction, or disparity cues in images.

206 y of graphene without hampering the negative refraction originated mainly from hBN.

207 To compare 5-year visual acuity and refraction outcome in Descemet stripping automated endot

208 The change in refraction over time was estimated by linear mixed model

209 There was a significant difference in myopic refraction, over the 9-month assessment period.

210 keratoplasty), improving to 20/25 with over-refraction (P = .006 vs keratoplasty).

211 rative BSCVA (P = .55), spherical equivalent refraction (P = .27), mean keratometry (P = .09), and ke

212 rection between the habitual and i.Scription refractions (p = 0.01).

213 compression of ultrashort pulses and complex refraction phenomena.

214 retinal arteriolar equivalent adjusting for refraction, photograph focus, age, systolic blood pressu

215 laser shots only: laser pulse reflection and refraction, photon racing in two media, and faster-than-

216 l functions such as anomalous reflection and refraction, polarization filtering, and wavefront modula

217 In a simulated anisometropic case, where the refraction power of the two eyes differs, an amblyopia-l

218 between the postoperative refraction and the refraction predicted by each formula for the intraocular

219 refraction after cataract surgery as target refraction, predicted IOL power for each method was calc

220 ter than the other formulas in postoperative refraction prediction (P < 0.01) for both IOL types.

221 absolute error, and mean arithmetic error in refraction prediction, that is, the difference between t

222 Finally, phase-contrast CT uses x-ray refraction properties to improve spatial and soft-tissue

223 optoelectronic properties and high index of refraction, provide a platform for all-dielectric metama

224 or the rhexis-fixated IOL the differences in refraction ranged from -0.039 diopters (D) for the Hill-

225 th follow-up visits, with a mean cycloplegic refraction SE of + 0.5 +/- 0.31 D in group A and + 0.67

226 .7+/-3.1 years, average spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was -0.02+/-1.77(-4.25 to +5.00) diopter

227 , duration of symptoms, spherical equivalent refraction (SE), internal limiting membrane peeling, tam

228 escribes development of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) in two population

229 neal topography (Medmont E300) and objective refraction (Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor) we

230 rrected visual acuity, cycloplegic objective refraction, slit lamp as well as fundus examinations.

231 ed distance visual acuity (CDVA), subjective refraction, slit-lamp examination, optical biometry, int

232 (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) results of surgeo

233 acuity (CNVA), keratometry (K), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were evaluated pr

234 ace, preoperative and postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), preoperative and

235 Preoperative Tracey refraction spherical equivalent (TRSE), angle alpha, and

236 [logMAR]) and with variance in the manifest refraction spherical equivalent within +/-0.5 diopter (D

237 cted distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent, endothelial cell count,

238 short-term and midterm results indicate good refraction stability, efficacy, and safety.

239 Visual acuity (VA), refraction, stereoacuity, strabismus, ocular media, and

240 hen comparing the subjective and i.Scription refractions [(t = 2.31, p = 0.03), (t = 2.54, p = 0.02)]

241 gic autorefractions found that noncyloplegic refraction tends to over minus by 1 to 2 D.

242 stationary eye requires modeling of corneal refraction, the misalignment of the visual and optical a

243 Although bare hBN can exhibit negative refraction, the transmission is generally low due to its

244 %) were corrected to within +/-1.0 D of goal refraction; the other 5 (12%) were corrected to within 1

245 ement technique enables the complex index of refraction to be extracted.

246 ine structural details are resolved by using refraction to magnify images of a specimen.

247 he time-delay propagation of waves caused by refraction, to solve the Forward Problem in US within th

248 ks behaved similar to optical wave including refraction, total internal reflection and evanescent wav

249 Data on the manifest refraction, uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected vi

250 Manifest refractions, cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuit

251 e examination at 3 months including manifest refraction; uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and distanc

252 nd SRK/T) in the prediction of postoperative refraction using a single optical biometry device.

253 ons of 2WIN and Retinomax were within target refraction values for spherical equivalent (70% [216/310

254 The effect of index of refraction variations on PIV has been described in air f

255 en interpreted spatial variations in seismic refraction velocities.

256 tcome measures included spherical equivalent refraction, visual fields, electroretinography B-wave am

257 average spherical equivalence of cycloplegic refraction was + 6.0 diopters (D).

258 Average postoperative refraction was -0.28+/-0.52 D, and mean error of treatme

259 The mean postoperative refraction was -0.43 +/- 1.08 diopters (D), with a range

260 In 112 eyes, the median predicted refraction was -0.43 D (interquartile range [IQR], -0.47

261 Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -7.25+/-1.84 diopters (D).

262 erence between cycloplegic and PlusOptix A09 refraction was 68.8 %, higher with myopia than hyperopia

263 Peripheral refraction was a predictive factor for the amount of myo

264 The predicted refraction was calculated for each of the formulas and c

265 2WIN refraction was compared to dry and cycloplegic retinosco

266 Cycloplegic refraction was completed in 15 051 children 6 to 72 mont

267 within 0.5 D of error from preoperative aim refraction was higher in the PCS group (LCS 72.2% vs. PC

268 The postoperative manifest refraction was in 86 % of patients within +/- 0.50 [D].

269 sion screening at the 6/9 level in each eye; refraction was indicated; acuity improved with correctio

270 Subjective refraction was performed at 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively

271 In 193 subjects, objective refraction was performed with cycloplegia.

272 Goal refraction was plano to +1 D.

273 PlusOptix A09 refraction was positively correlated with cycloplegic au

274 Mean spherical equivalent refraction was reduced (P < 0.0001) and was within +/-0.

275 y outcome for 10 of 13 studies and change in refraction was the primary outcome for 3 of 13 studies.

276 A refraction was then performed after cycloplegia with eit

277 Cycloplegic refraction was used to identify hyperopia (>/=3.0 to </=

278 The immediate postoperative refraction was within 1 diopter of the target for about

279 or (postoperative SE refraction minus target refraction) was -0.19+/-0.72 D.

280 ed via three distinct phenomena of anomalous refraction, wave splitting and conversion of propagation

281 Ocular features of vision and refraction were amblyopia (32%), myopia (40%), and astig

282 Longitudinal changes in corneal refraction were assessed by linear regression.

283 IOP, auto-refractor and manifest refraction were measured at baseline and every 3 months

284 nterior/posterior corneal curvature (K); and refraction were measured preoperatively and at week 1 an

285 Ophthalmologic or optometric cycloplegic refraction were measured.

286 Significant increases in myopic refraction were observed.

287 Average spherical equivalent refractions were -0.13 +/- 0.46 diopters in wavefront-gu

288 eyes whereas in wavefront-optimized eyes the refractions were -0.41 +/- 0.38 diopters at 12 months.

289 Refractions were available for 109 of 131 eligible infan

290 Postoperative refractions were compared with preoperative target refra

291 Habitual, subjective, and i.Scription refractions were obtained from both eyes of eighteen sub

292 Masked subjective refractions were performed 2 to 6 months postoperatively

293 Refractions were performed at 1 month and every 3 months

294 Postoperative manifest refractions were performed at least 3 months after surge

295 se results are attributed to radically sharp refraction where the optical path length approaches infi

296 the interruptions was monitored by measuring refraction while marmosets were seated at the center of

297 ng which can enable anomalous reflection and refraction with almost unity efficiency over a wide inci

298 hyper-crystals to exhibit all angle negative refraction with superior transmission.

299 a; 39%, 61%, and 89% of the eyes had a final refraction within 0.5 D, 1.0 D, and 2.0 D of target, res

300 Noncycloplegic refraction, year of birth, and highest educational level