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1 domination of subordinate social targets is reinforcing.
2 y and delayed senescence are positively self-reinforcing.
3 and that AgRP neuron activity is positively reinforcing.
4 he HLA complex MS-associated DRB1*15 allele, reinforcing a potential role for ANO2 autoreactivity in
5 s site has an additional regulatory role and reinforcing a previously reported reciprocal relationshi
6 reinforcing memory, we tested the impact of reinforcing a skill memory trace with monetary reward fo
9 molecular events; and this range of mutually reinforcing actions was predictive of a positive tissue
10 nucleus (CeA) is critical in acute alcohol's reinforcing actions, and its dysregulation in human alco
11 oth respiratory depression and morphine-like reinforcing activity in mice at equi-analgesic doses.
15 mpts to reinforce soft matrices by nanoscale reinforcing agents at commercially deployable scales hav
19 nguae between the mandibles and hypopharynx, reinforcing an alliance between euthycarcinoids and myri
20 TAT3 confers Dox resistance in ABC-DLBCLs by reinforcing an antioxidant program featuring upregulatio
21 o set the stage for subsequent work aimed at reinforcing and accelerating investments toward providin
24 characteristics that are ideally suited for reinforcing and enhancing the wear resistance of carbide
25 may be an important neurochemical mechanism reinforcing and maintaining social bonds between humans.
26 y G(i/o) signaling in DA neurons blunted the reinforcing and priming effects of cocaine, reduced stre
27 smokers, are likely to increase the primary reinforcing and reinforcement enhancing effects of low d
28 the impact of MAO inhibition on the primary reinforcing and reinforcement enhancing effects of nicot
30 (CeA) network is necessary for promoting the reinforcing and rewarding properties of palatable food,
31 vestigate the dose-response function for the reinforcing and subjective effects of intravenous nicoti
33 ing subfornical organ neurons are negatively reinforcing and that this negative-valence signal is tra
34 ry determines which behaviors are positively reinforcing and therefore should be encoded in the memor
35 last on subjective (including drug craving), reinforcing, and analgesic effects of oxycodone in human
36 these neurons to the parabrachial nucleus is reinforcing, and increases ethanol drinking as well as c
37 show that LDT-VTA optogenetic stimulation is reinforcing, and that iuGC animals are more susceptible
38 ling participates in associative learning by reinforcing associations between outcomes (unconditioned
39 training a forthcoming shift in attention or reinforcing attentional shifts that have previously occu
41 correlations, persistent dynamics with trend-reinforcing behavior, and move-step fluctuations with sc
42 determining the sensitivity of rewarding and reinforcing behaviors to morphine without affecting anal
43 lts support projections of a long-term, self-reinforcing carbon feedback from mid-latitude forests to
44 onsider the possibility of a set of mutually reinforcing causes, among which those suggested by Life
46 edback manner, demonstrating the unique self-reinforcing characteristic of PLT-PTT in cancer therapy.
48 nly ~16% of the potential carrying capacity, reinforcing concerning trends of globally declining seab
49 ogies has increased since 1850, suggesting a reinforcing cycle between the increase in the complexity
50 ta clearance, creating conditions for a self-reinforcing cycle of increased vascular Abeta, reduced p
52 esponse and the target tissues in a mutually reinforcing cycle: Immune effector pathways generate add
56 of the mushroom body, which drive negatively reinforcing dopaminergic neurons that innervate neighbou
57 e same compartment and re-engages positively reinforcing dopaminergic neurons to reconsolidate the or
59 attern of behavior following repeated use of reinforcing drugs in predisposed individuals, leading to
60 effect of cocaine while also modulating the reinforcing effect of cocaine in an operant-based self-a
61 ioural and brain system levels, and abnormal reinforcing effect of levodopa when PD+HS patients are c
62 ght envisions dopamine neurons conveying the reinforcing effect of the unconditioned stimulus during
66 a progressive ratio schedule to quantify the reinforcing effectiveness of MDPV, methylone, and caffei
67 t that stress systems in the NAc promote the reinforcing effectiveness of nicotine in female rats in
68 e behavioral paradigms, we failed to observe reinforcing effects after stimulation of these fibers.
69 col/glycerol) vapor, suggesting low positive reinforcing effects and low nicotine vapor discriminatio
71 ketamine (RET + KET) effectively reduced the reinforcing effects of alcohol and long-term drinking le
72 opan-2-ol (3b) was effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine
74 In monkeys, social status influences the reinforcing effects of cocaine and the effects of some d
75 determined by in vivo microdialysis, on the reinforcing effects of cocaine and the opioid agonist, r
76 aine seeking that depends on the conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine cues requires activity in
77 For subordinate monkeys, sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine increased while sensitivi
78 nsporter (DAT) plays a prominent role in the reinforcing effects of cocaine that can lead to addictio
79 e the effects of social confrontation on the reinforcing effects of cocaine using a food-drug choice
81 ave been shown to regulate the rewarding and reinforcing effects of cocaine, but the underlying mecha
82 the dopamine system is known to mediate the reinforcing effects of cocaine, the dopaminergic variati
84 dum (VP) is a well-established locus for the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and reinstatement
87 sulin systems in the NAc modulate the strong reinforcing effects of nicotine in male diabetic rats.
89 ibitor, increases sensitivity to the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, shifting the dose-respo
93 D with respect to the initial subjective and reinforcing effects of nicotine; and interventions to pr
96 content of cigarettes decreased the relative reinforcing effects of smoking in all 3 populations.
99 e mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system drives the reinforcing effects of tobacco smoking, whereas the meso
101 tially, alcohol is consumed for its positive reinforcing effects, but later stages of AUD are charact
102 to inform us about mechanisms related to its reinforcing effects, less is known about clinically rele
103 nces in every phase of drug addiction: acute reinforcing effects, transition from occasional to compu
107 hat cocaine effects at the DAT determine the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine, and perseverative respo
110 caine potency at the DAT was correlated with reinforcing efficacy, but was not related to cocaine con
111 Importantly, pharmacological treatments reinforcing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-tal
112 ion of C/EBPbeta enhancer reactivates a self-reinforcing enhancer-target loop via direct transcriptio
113 ng, to avoidance, and has suggested that the reinforcing event underlying the instrumental phase shou
115 immune-related genes such as CCR7 and FCRL3, reinforcing evidence for a role of immune components in
118 , we show that SMAD4 and HNF4 function via a reinforcing feed-forward loop, activating each other's e
120 th other literature evidence, suggested that reinforcing feedback is central to hyperactive signaling
122 erent stresses can trap populations within a reinforcing feedback loop known as the extinction vortex
123 fs (where W is A or T), and discuss how self-reinforcing feedback loops between DNA methyltransferase
124 bistable, molecular systems built from self-reinforcing feedback loops that can spontaneously switch
126 essurization depending on the orientation of reinforcing fibers representing extracellular matrix col
127 e filament to three adjacent actin subunits, reinforcing filament stability by hydrophobic interactio
132 xiety-associated abnormalities, are mutually reinforcing; however, the neuronal circuits and mechanis
135 d disperse set of sites where stimulation is reinforcing, increasing the frequency of the responses i
136 DAN subtypes receive major, and potentially reinforcing, inputs from putative gustatory interneurons
138 h pomalidomide reactivates fetal hemoglobin, reinforcing its potential as a treatment for patients wi
139 xpression to be highest in glycolytic tumors reinforcing its role as an indicator of aggressive disea
140 expression was also affected in KD patients, reinforcing its translational and therapeutic potential
142 cronym for Teaching Engine for Genomics) for reinforcing key concepts in sequence alignment and phylo
143 identified a mechanism that may underlie the reinforcing learning associated with the initial alcohol
145 rengthening program management systems or by reinforcing local immunization managers' abilities, amon
146 activation stimulates the TRPML1-BK positive reinforcing loop to correct abnormal lysosomal storage i
147 striatal and midbrain reward networks form a reinforcing loop to generate reward prediction coding.
148 is then amplified by translation, in a self-reinforcing loop, to provide the structure that ultimate
149 f memory functions rests on the reciprocally reinforcing maintenance of an intact dendrite geometry a
150 re, based on protein engineering and polymer reinforcing, may enable the development and investigatio
151 or hyperactivity after SCI, providing a self-reinforcing mechanism to persistently promote nociceptor
152 within the fission yeast genome through self-reinforcing mechanisms involving histone methylation and
154 ep, the assemblies reactivate spontaneously, reinforcing memories against ongoing synapse removal and
155 wealth of findings on the role of reward in reinforcing memory, we tested the impact of reinforcing
157 with various depressive-like behaviors, thus reinforcing MGB axis perturbations as potential mediator
158 rely reversible geopolymerization method for reinforcing muskeg with wood fibers derived from native
164 iorating dependence-related insensitivity to reinforcing outcomes/'liking', but having no discernible
166 use of crystalline nonsilicate ceramics as a reinforcing phase of polymeric composite biomaterials.
167 walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous
169 gs suggest that oral CBD does not reduce the reinforcing, physiological, or positive subjective effec
173 are likely to find numerous applications in reinforcing polymers, adhesives, textiles, medical devic
175 reparations can have an impact on both their reinforcing potency and effectiveness, and suggest that
177 is accurately predicted by DFT calculations, reinforcing predictive capabilities in mechanochemical s
178 tion and thrombosis are integrated, mutually reinforcing processes, but the interregulatory mechanism
179 ure to THC-rich cannabis vapor has bona fide reinforcing properties and collectively support the util
181 However, we also show that CeA laser had no reinforcing properties at all when given alone for the s
182 both evoke conditioned responses and acquire reinforcing properties in their own right, becoming avid
184 r novel molecular mechanisms of the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol that strongly influenc
185 rgic signaling is involved in modulating the reinforcing properties of alcohol, and GABAB receptors h
186 SNs of NAcSh increase the sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of cocaine, particularly at low d
187 be responsible for endogenous reward and the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, such as psycho
189 Hedonic feeding is driven, in part, by the reinforcing properties of highly palatable food (HPF), w
192 he kappa opioid receptor (KOR) decreases the reinforcing properties of rewards and induces aversive b
195 capable of blocking the initial conditioned reinforcing properties of the cue and prevents the acqui
196 its conditioned appetitive behavior, but its reinforcing properties strongly depend on its temporal r
197 ta indicate that THC-rich cannabis vapor has reinforcing properties that support stable rates of resp
198 Ac may reflect a neural imprint of alcohol's reinforcing properties, which could promote subsequent a
200 matory status and thus atherosclerosis risk, reinforcing public health policies focused on sleep heal
201 wards, especially for the dopamine-dependent reinforcing qualities of both drugs and natural rewards.
202 nvestigate how post-ingestive effects can be reinforcing, revealing a role for the hepatic vagus nerv
205 ted feedback might be related to learning or reinforcing sensory-motor relations in the sensory popul
206 tum may also "give back" to the community by reinforcing sialidase activity, a biochemical feature of
208 red NMDA receptors, but st-LTP also required reinforcing signals mediated by mGluRs and intracellular
209 ity, imparting knowledge, revealing beliefs, reinforcing social bonds and providing entertainment tha
210 motivation induced by rhythmically pairing 2 reinforcing stimuli [methamphetamine (Meth) and running
211 cted role of DA neurons primarily related to reinforcing stimulus-reward associations and suggest tha
213 and its variant CENP-A, hence, serving as a reinforcing structural element within the histone core.
215 200, 400, 800 mg, p.o.) pretreatment on the reinforcing, subjective, cognitive, and physiological ef
218 ein, catalyzes the formation of structurally reinforcing sulfilimine cross-links within the collagen
219 primed by CDK-1 and spreads along the SC by reinforcing SYP-1 phosphorylation on one side of each cr
220 oster racial discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems of housing, education, employment, e
221 ividual CCR5 mutant cells over time in vivo, reinforcing that CCR5 gene-edited HSPCs are capable of l
222 ples with a high percentage (>70%) of Tregs, reinforcing that MSRE-qPCR can be completed in less time
223 itional value is gained from these programs, reinforcing that they are likely very cost-effective.
225 role of BLM in maintaining the genome while reinforcing the applicability of using Drosophila as a m
226 ncome classes, and ethnic and social groups, reinforcing the argument for more consistent and equitab
229 acids hold great promise for maintaining or reinforcing the biological activity of active compounds,
231 rden, progression rates, and survival times, reinforcing the concept of ALS as a disorder with extens
232 high CHH methylation within individual loci, reinforcing the conclusion that 24-nt phasiRNAs contribu
234 essential role in epidermal homeostasis and reinforcing the critical nature of basal stem cell heter
235 ie after 3-4 weeks of claudin-5 suppression, reinforcing the crucial role of claudin-5 in normal neur
237 e stem cells in adult human ovaries, thereby reinforcing the dogma of a limited ovarian reserve.
238 ype and more drastic conventional mutations, reinforcing the evaluation of the electrostatic contribu
239 en when each single Mab is not bactericidal, reinforcing the evidence that cooperative immunity induc
240 solated from OM grape berries contributed to reinforcing the found results on the physiological respo
241 st with cognitive performance in later life, reinforcing the functional role of resting-state activit
242 ing-habit-specific effects on periodontitis; reinforcing the genetic profile predisposing to periodon
244 have a strikingly similar stiffness, further reinforcing the hypothesis that their mechanical charact
245 echanical properties between the two phases, reinforcing the hypothesis that unloading (recovery) may
246 or virulent ASFV strains, respectively, thus reinforcing the idea that ASFV virulence versus attenuat
247 anomalies in human congenital malformations, reinforcing the idea that such variations/anomalies can
248 of IL-6, MMP-1, and MMP-9 immunoexpression, reinforcing the idea that the beneficial effect of cimet
249 appearance in the upper versus lower limbs, reinforcing the idea that the similarity between various
250 f Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentrati
252 nto cutaneous melanoma genetic architecture, reinforcing the importance of nevogenesis, pigmentation
253 s, questioning previous assumptions but also reinforcing the importance of tissue Na(+) excess, are b
254 significant concentrations of Mo (~17 ppm), reinforcing the inference that these carbonatitic magmas
255 us balani imposes a cost to female function, reinforcing the lack of investment in female function by
257 n conditions then reduce low-cloud fraction, reinforcing the marine heatwave through a positive low-c
258 rated during DNA genome packaging by locally reinforcing the mechanical sturdiness of the vertices, t
259 ns do not match with intron-exon boundaries, reinforcing the model that they form cotranscriptionally
260 ly support cooperative binding, thus further reinforcing the need for cooperation between calcium and
261 l occurred with all decontamination methods, reinforcing the need for hand hygiene following glove re
262 d associated with a high case fatality rate, reinforcing the need for strongly coordinated surveillan
263 the genomic diversity of eukaryotic viruses, reinforcing the need for the isolation of new viruses of
264 and 5 had elevated serum aminotransferases, reinforcing the need for vigilant monitoring during trea
265 logy in a mouse model of severe SMA, further reinforcing the need to develop and administer systemic
266 licitly aims to empower all women and girls, reinforcing the need to have a reliable indicator to tra
267 ere also associated with the gut microbiota, reinforcing the notion for the existence of the microbio
268 f novel CRISPR spacers from each metagenome, reinforcing the notion of high viral diversity in the th
269 ighly selective loss of DG GCs (thereby also reinforcing the notion of selective DG vulnerability).
270 1 mutations and subsequently deleted DNMAML, reinforcing the notion that activated Notch1 is particul
271 expresses itself early as childhood obesity, reinforcing the notion that early prevention is essentia
272 stray gas mimic also that of Strawn, further reinforcing the notion that the source of stray gas in t
273 els functional data on the spliceosome, thus reinforcing the notion that these evolutionarily-related
275 These findings have important implications, reinforcing the public health message of staying active
276 patients with high SYNTAX scores, a finding reinforcing the recommendation that CABG should be stron
277 netic barrier that hinders anionic currents, reinforcing the role played by the internal arrangement
278 class of problems under investigation, thus reinforcing the significance of the present findings.
281 ceptor activation in a microglial cell line, reinforcing the use of EP2 antagonists as anti-inflammat
282 ciaries using self-reported visual function, reinforcing the value of identifying patients with visua
283 icycle cells, we provide compelling evidence reinforcing the view that the capacity for de novo organ
291 otic zone via dense turbidity currents, thus reinforcing ultraoligotrophy in the lake rather than ove
292 that (3) capture social-ecological feedbacks reinforcing unsustainable outcomes, and (4) reveal indir
293 rovides a control circuit for positive (self-reinforcing) up-regulation to sustain TORC2-Ypk1 signali
294 leptin and ghrelin concentrations, relative-reinforcing value of food, and olfaction were measured a
296 computation of a prediction error, and that reinforcing value, whether intrinsic or acquired, propag
297 ur human data indicate that these 2 mutually reinforcing vascular defects may represent a general mec
298 entangling the contribution of DA neurons in reinforcing versus generating movements is challenging a
300 d new investment funds are complementary and reinforcing, with China shaping a unique global engageme