ライフサイエンスコーパス: resistance to

1 Here we show that resistance to 5FC in Cryptococcus deuterogattii is acqui

2 advantage attributable to production of and resistance to a diffusible compound that inhibits growth

3 ter the resident Mphi subset composition and resistance to a subsequent infection.

4 ells present polyamine uptake deficiency and resistance to a toxic polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor m

5 rs MxA and MxB are large GTPases that convey resistance to a variety of infectious viruses.

6 esults in decreased cell width and increased resistance to A22, a small-molecule inhibitor of MreB as

7 However, increased resistance to ACT highlights the importance of finding n

8 rphologically distinct, and characterized by resistance to activation compared to CAV1- Hu-MuSCs.

9 Influential physicians willing to overcome resistance to advances were able to bring medical practi

10 Determining mechanisms of resistance to alphaPD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint immunoth

11 nses in biomineralization as a mechanism for resistance to altered environmental conditions and preda

12 Phenotypic resistance to amoxicillin in three isolates correlated w

13 ranted to better define mutations conferring resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and rifampin, b

14 the frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR)(resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphen

15 s may have selected for tolerance instead of resistance to an important pathogen.

16 ocrine response that underlies breast cancer resistance to anti-estrogen treatments.

17 eport that describes HPV E5 as a mediator of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and demonstr

18 This study identifies a novel mechanism of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy mediated by

19 TGFB superfamily, represents a mechanism for resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in preclinical models and

20 d intestinal cell types were associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy.

21 tems are necessary for metabolic regulation, resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobials, pathogenes

22 The emergence of superbugs developing resistance to antibiotics and the resurgence of microbia

23 Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in this clinical setting furth

24 prevalent pathogen that can rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics.

25 Response and resistance to anticancer therapies vary due to intertumo

26 with unstable caffeine resistance show cross-resistance to antifungal agents, suggesting that related

27 ous fungal biofilm maturation but also drive resistance to antifungal treatment.

28 While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of t

29 ies per mL before treatment and no genotypic resistance to any study drugs; secondary analyses elimin

30 metabolic reprogramming, immune suppression, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and i

31 therefore, may promote PCa cell survival and resistance to AR targeting therapeutics.

32 etastatic breast cancer, and confer clinical resistance to aromatase inhibitors.

33 solve this question, the correlation between resistance to ARSi and genetic chances and expression of

34 Resistance to at least two drugs was common (196, 83%),

35 Additionally, S. aureus did not develop resistance to auranofin after repeated exposure for two

36 The emergence of resistance to available antileishmanial drugs advocates

37 WCR populations with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins utilize

38 tionalized to exhibit chromogenic reactions, resistance to bacterial infection and heat-triggered, en

39 t-derived xenograft (PDX) models of acquired resistance to BCL-2 (venetoclax) and MCL-1 (S63845) anta

40 MRSA resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is mediated by two

41 t-MPN, CD34+ sAML blasts exhibiting relative resistance to BETi, as compared with sensitive sAML blas

42 with numerous human diseases and can confer resistance to both antibiotics and host defenses.

43 re were 90 ART-experienced participants with resistance to both efavirenz and lamivudine, 32 (35.6%)

44 There were ten with resistance to both tenofovir and lamivudine, 8 (80.0%) o

45 g, which has recently been implicated in the resistance to BRAF and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitors.

46 eased EGFR protein expression, and conferred resistance to BRAFis both in vitro and in vivo.

47 ites containing platelets showed an enhanced resistance to breaking under strain compared to their sp

48 Here we analyzed resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in a field-derived strain

49 erminants in Listeria, with special focus on resistance to cadmium and arsenic, as well as to biocide

50 nt NHEJ with implications for development of resistance to cancer therapy.

51 ontribute to the naked mole-rat's remarkable resistance to cancer.

52 Resistance to carvacrol has selected for viruses with mu

53 Resistance to cavitation (P(50) ), a critical trait for

54 Resistance to CDC-induced pore formation requires the pr

55 report that interferon (IFN) signals convey resistance to CDC-induced pores on macrophages and neutr

56 o both CVD and cancer, such as inflammation, resistance to cell death, cellular proliferation, neuroh

57 NG resistance to cephalosporins, which is increasingly repo

58 MIR1249 mediates resistance to CG in BTCs and may be tested as a target f

59 otes hypovascularity, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemo- and immunotherapies.

60 the hypothesis that aneuploidy brings about resistance to chemotherapies because of a general featur

61 poor patient outcomes due to development of resistance to chemotherapy agents and the EGFR inhibitor

62 Our data highlight a role for A3B in resistance to chemotherapy and indicate that stimulation

63 drives aggressive TNBC biology by promoting resistance to chemotherapy and inducing a prometastatic

64 down-regulation of SMPD1 was associated with resistance to chemotherapy regimens that include 5-FU.

65 ls possess the capacity for self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy.

66 ed with high tumor grade, poor survival, and resistance to chemotherapy.

67 ype but also revealed a potential intestinal resistance to chlamydial spreading.

68 Resistance to chlorhexidine, an antiseptic widely used t

69 st-west divide in haplotypes known to confer resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

70 conformation of the trimer) increased virus resistance to cholesterol depletion and to the surface-a

71 positively associated with the prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin (P < .05).

72 was achieved despite the bacteria's relative resistance to ciprofloxacin and where an equivalent dose

73 Our results suggest that resistance to ciprofloxacin is responsive to short-term

74 Intrinsic or acquired resistance to clinically approved CDK4/6 inhibitors has

75 e support a role for CA activity in reducing resistance to CO(2) diffusion inside mesophyll cells by

76 yzae, hemibiotrophic pathogens, but enhanced resistance to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, a necrotrophic pa

77 li in domestic swine in China that conferred resistance to colistin, an antibiotic of last resort use

78 minates Ph(+) ALL cells including those with resistance to commonly used ABL1 kinase inhibitors.

79 Binding of FH increases meningococcal resistance to complement-mediated killing.

80 c, and mesenchymal tumor phenotype, mediates resistance to conventional therapies and small-molecule

81 sion, thus underlying disease recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, and we detail our

82 ess in solid tumors associated with acquired resistance to conventional therapy.

83 operon that plays important roles in cells' resistance to copper/silver, and they belong to the two-

84 The widespread resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins in H. zea will chal

85 the primary, but not the only, mechanism of resistance to Cry2Ab in pink bollworm.

86 X-R has at least one additional mechanism of resistance to Cry2Ab that does not involve PgABCA2 and i

87 We then show that acquired resistance to CX-5461 in previously sensitive lymphoma c

88 superior catalytic performance and increased resistance to deactivation by coking, compared to its mi

89 xtended due to delayed neurodegeneration and resistance to death upon fasting.

90 esults from forces required to overcome soil resistance to deformation.

91 dramatically enhanced (sometimes >1000 fold) resistance to degradation by four different nucleases, b

92 ced immediately after calving, have enhanced resistance to degradation by intestinal proteases relati

93 scle-type nAChRs but showed greatly improved resistance to degradation in human serum and, surprising

94 hibition of both RET and VEGFR2, as well the resistance to demethylation, renders NPA101.3 a potentia

95 BMAds, in turn, provided resistance to dexamethasone-induced cell-cycle arrest an

96 rotubules contribute meaningful viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocardium.

97 ensity or detyrosination lowers viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocytes and my

98 The first suggests that longevity and resistance to diseases are mediated by shared mechanisms

99 between Cu(I) and Cu(II) , as well as their resistance to dissociation or inactivation under cytosol

100 enes whose loss causes either sensitivity or resistance to DNA-damaging agents.

101 ECT2, that participate to breast cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin.

102 ed in a breast cancer cell model of acquired resistance to doxorubicin.

103 ffectors that can lead to the development of resistance to drug inhibitors.

104 iation, but increases (decreases) in disease resistance to E. muscae are not consistently associated

105 rvation of S6K1 as a candidate mechanism for resistance to EGFR TKI therapy was investigated by inter

106 The development of resistance to EGFR Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in

107 l unexpected features, including significant resistance to electrically-induced limbic seizures and t

108 tionary integration between conductivity and resistance to embolism, rejecting a hardwired trade-off

109 correlated with phenotypic AMR testing, and resistance to empirical antimicrobials was associated wi

110 lusion criterion was a history of documented resistance to enfuvirtide.

111 stomatous and a major target for desiccation resistance to enhance shelf life.

112 e availability of free amino acids increases resistance to environmental stresses.

113 terize in vitro and in vivo the response and resistance to enzalutamide.

114 scan" yielded peptidomimetics with improved resistance to enzymatic degradation and/or enhanced affi

115 armacological properties, including improved resistance to enzymatic degradation, while remaining non

116 to 24 h to elucidate differences in scleral resistance to enzymatic degradation.

117 It was also related to a higher resistance to enzyme hydrolysis of the retrograded starc

118 nally, R649W(+/-) cells exhibited a dramatic resistance to ER stress-dependent apoptosis.

119 TRPV3 overexpression in HBECs conferred resistance to ERS and an attenuation of ERS-associated c

120 NA gene mutations causing variable levels of resistance to erythromycin.

121 ential targets for circumvention of acquired resistance to etoposide.

122 rotein 170 kDa expression levels in acquired resistance to etoposide.

123 n-producing species because it exhibits self-resistance to exogenous echinocandins.

124 ult of STAT5 deficiency displayed a profound resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

125 2OGO knock-out (KO) mutants display enhanced resistance to Fg in a detached inflorescence infection a

126 3K pathway is essential to overcome Melanoma resistance to fotemustine.

127 Acquired resistance to fulvestrant and palbociclib is a new chall

128 thione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to Fusarium species by detoxifying trichothec

129 lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and although resistance to GCs is a strong negative prognostic indica

130 cells that overexpressed ZIP4 had increased resistance to gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin

131 ch based on targeting the very mechanisms of resistance to gemcitabine, a commonly used chemotherapeu

132 K5/ERK5 signaling pathway is associated with resistance to genotoxic stress in aggressive prostate ca

133 Here, we show that resistance to glyphosate in the studied population from

134 spora led to high CAT-3 expression level and resistance to H(2) O(2) -induced ROS stress.

135 redoxin, Tsa1 is required for both promoting resistance to H(2)O(2) and extending lifespan upon calor

136 veterinary professionals may need to include resistance to heat-related illness amongst their rationa

137 that determine clinically relevant delamanid resistance to help develop a rapid delamanid DST.

138 highly accurate and robust classification of resistance to HIV protease inhibitors.

139 of second-generation antiandrogens, acquired resistance to hormone therapy remains a major challenge

140 large polyploid cells that exhibit increased resistance to host immune attack and are proposed to con

141 of outer membrane porin OmpT, which confers resistance to host-derived antimicrobial peptides and bi

142 ride (LPS)(6) enhance lethality by promoting resistance to human innate immunity and antibiotics, ena

143 arette smoke extract (CSE) exposure enhances resistance to human neutrophil killing, but this increas

144 gulator, ToxR, was important for V. cholerae resistance to hydrogen peroxide.

145 t Renca subcutaneous tumors in mice are more resistance to ICB, and a retrospective analysis of the I

146 lass I (MHC-I), which has been implicated in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy(1

147 overexpressing tumors and is associated with resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

148 Identifying factors underlying resistance to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) is still c

149 h ought to be eliminated to revert intrinsic resistance to immunotherapeutic intervention.

150 However, resistance to immunotherapy occurs for many patients, re

151 However, primary or secondary resistance to immunotherapy prevents benefits in a signi

152 beta2-AR signaling could be used to increase resistance to infectious diseases.

153 contributes to phenotypic variation such as resistance to infectious diseases.

154 tic tool is leading to the profiling of drug resistance to inform clinical practice and treatment dec

155 n between 5-HT(3A) and the chaperone protein resistance to inhibitors of choline esterase (RIC-3).

156 al S1PR1 angiocrine signaling causes reduced resistance to injury-induced vascular leak and leads to

157 Malaria vector control may be compromised by resistance to insecticides in vector populations.

158 However, increasing resistance to insecticides threatens to undermine these

159 ring these conditions, lactulose showed high resistance to intestinal digestion by RSIE, resulting in

160 External stability, or resistance to invasion, is thus an important but overloo

161 er-expressed in multiple cancers and confers resistance to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic dr

162 resistance results available, 195 (82%) had resistance to lamivudine, 128 (54%) to tenofovir, and 21

163 notyping to assess their potential to confer resistance to LET.

164 ant community and may contribute to creating resistance to LKD.

165 dipeptides into cross-bridges and to confer resistance to lysostaphin, a secreted bacteriocin that c

166 s to dwarfism, mild cell death, and enhanced resistance to M. oryzae in the non-Piz-t background.

167 Resistance to macrolide antibiotics is a global concern

168 assembling block copolymers exhibit superior resistance to macroscopic deformation in comparison to t

169 Its genetic hallmark, the mecA gene, confers resistance to many beta-lactam antibiotics.

170 NRAS-driven melanomas frequently develop resistance to MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase

171 e created trametiglue, which limits adaptive resistance to MEK inhibition by enhancing interfacial bi

172 Through modeling resistance to MET kinase inhibition in cultured cancer c

173 wing slowly under nutrient limitation and to resistance to microbial decomposition.

174 TFEB oligomers display increased resistance to mTORC1-mediated inactivation and are more

175 However, increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics may necessitate waiti

176 xpressed, one of these lipoproteins promotes resistance to multiple bacteriophages.

177 Resistance to multiple insecticides in An. gambiae s.s.

178 uced spontaneous tumorigenesis and increased resistance to Myc-driven lymphoma and Eml4-Alk-driven lu

179 stitutive overexpression of genes related to resistance to myrtle rust caused by A. psidii.

180 d genes may contribute to their differential resistance to NDV and also to understanding the interact

181 ne response could contribute to differential resistance to NDV in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn lines.

182 s, which have recently proven vital in plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens.

183 his increase in pathogenicity was not due to resistance to neutrophil extracellular traps.

184 esistance loci, encoding enzymes that confer resistance to nonrelated antibiotics, including extended

185 We show that, in difference to resistance to nucleotide analogs, which is mainly associ

186 previously unknown host factors that confer resistance to one or more of these phages.

187 We modeled acquired resistance to osimertinib in transgenic mouse models of

188 as a therapeutic strategy to overcome tumor resistance to osimertinib.

189 ction of ampicillin resistance and the cross-resistance to other antibiotics (i.e., ciprofloxacin, ch

190 ins, emergent beta-lactamases can now confer resistance to other beta-lactam drugs, including both ce

191 r in AIVs with substitutions known to impart resistance to other NAIs.

192 sulted from the site morphology having a low resistance to overwash, as opposed to being directly imp

193 tly associated with increases (decreases) of resistance to oxidative stress, starvation stress and sl

194 ly promising strategy for OVCAs that acquire resistance to PARPi and platinum.

195 f-function of HOS15 or HDA9 confers enhanced resistance to pathogen infection accompanied with increa

196 ortant indicator of soybean productivity and resistance to pathogens in adverse climates.

197 breeding next-generation crops with durable resistance to pathogens is achievable, and will be a key

198 otion, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance and resistance to pathogens.

199 omal alterations associated with response or resistance to PD-1 blockade.

200 BQ11 demonstrated high-level resistance to penicillin (benzylpenicillin MIC >= 256 mu

201 ed PGRP-induced H(2)O(2) production and high resistance to PGRP-induced killing.

202 Resistance to Phytophthora crown rot in University of Fl

203 TLs significantly (P < 0.05) associated with resistance to Phytophthora crown rot were detected on ch

204 cooperates with laminin and hypoxia to drive resistance to PI3K inhibitors.

205 n following drug treatment is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kalpha inhibition in ER(+) breast cance

206 clinically viable strategies for overcoming resistance to platinum chemotherapy in lung adenocarcino

207 e valuable for understanding acquired tumour resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibit

208 y mobile genetic elements, thus transferring resistance to previously susceptible bacterial strains.

209 Resistance to pyrazinamide is largely driven by mutation

210 second-line TB medication exposure, or drug resistance to pyrazinamide, ethambutol, kanamycin, moxif

211 show alarming increases in the prevalence of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT across sub-Saharan Afr

212 s has precipitated widespread and escalating resistance to pyrethroids in African Anopheles populatio

213 ations in gyrA and parC recognized to confer resistance to quinolones.

214 overexpressed, while FBL55 OE plants showed resistance to R. solani challenge.

215 r NHFs stimulate proliferation of and confer resistance to radiation therapy of PDAC.

216 elated with their enhanced proliferation and resistance to radiation therapy.

217 were observed, from long-term maintenance of resistance to rapid return to sensitivity after daptomyc

218 4 nuclear receptor might alter the sunitinib resistance to RCC via altering the TR4/lncTASR/AXL signa

219 he V557L mutation is implicated in low-level resistance to RDV.

220 est that ToxR plays an important role in the resistance to reactive oxygen species through the regula

221 for third-line ART in LMIC, ranging from no resistance to resistance to 3 drug classes.

222 tied to mangroves' carbon sink functions and resistance to rising sea levels.

223 west scan speeds showed comparable corrosion resistance to rolled and annealed super duplex stainless

224 Intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to ROS1 TKIs can emerge in patients.

225 ransgenic overexpression of NbP3IP conferred resistance to RSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.

226 e or combined strategies that might overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors in patients with cancer.

227 icrobiomes conferred the strongest herbivore resistance to S. altissima plants in a glasshouse experi

228 nent of humoral innate immunity, involved in resistance to selected pathogens and in the regulation o

229 sed to be a major contributor to the rise of resistance to several classes of antimalarial drugs.

230 Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, includ

231 amma-producing ILCs also improve endometrial resistance to sexually transmitted C. trachomatis infect

232 s viral infections, IRF3 is also involved in resistance to some bacterial infections, in anticancer i

233 tinfection, B cell deficiency alone enhanced resistance to splenic infection ~100-fold; however, comb

234 sidues, we found that the genetic barrier to resistance to stem bnAbs is low for the H3 subtype but s

235 duced gene co-silencing resulted in enhanced resistance to stem rust.

236 ding on ileum villi and PP FAE that mediates resistance to STm infection.

237 ergence of mutants with significantly higher resistance to streptomycin; (2) the exposure to pesticid

238 heritable gene expression state that enables resistance to stress.

239 nd integrity of the nuclear envelope and its resistance to stresses found that both mutations result

240 resistance (MDR) in cancer arises from cross-resistance to structurally- and functionally-divergent c

241 ed HCC and to identify predictors of primary resistance to systemic therapies using circulating tumor

242 Understanding tumor resistance to T cell immunotherapies is critical to impr

243 in treating patients with advanced BC after resistance to TAM and aromatase inhibitors develops.

244 on of ER-positive breast cancer patients and resistance to tamoxifen treatment.

245 her intrinsically resistant or have acquired resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

246 paired proteostasis and rapid development of resistance to targeted therapy that represent a major cl

247 There is no known HBV resistance to TDF.

248 In this study, we profiled resistance to the anti-influenza drug laninamivir in AIV

249 odulates host-pathogen interactions, such as resistance to the bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme, vi

250 ram-negative bacterial pathogens and provide resistance to the cephalosporin cefotaxime but not to th

251 of APE1 recruitment to stalled RFs promoted resistance to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin.

252 Due to the constant emergence of parasitic resistance to the current antimalarial drugs, the discov

253 ted adherence to ART and the absence of drug resistance to the current ART regimen.METHODSSamples wer

254 re that long-term, moderate hypoxia promotes resistance to the EGFR TKI osimertinib (AZD9291) in the

255 esistant bacterium in the United States, and resistance to the frontline treatments is well documente

256 described in Streptomyces as a means of self-resistance to the genotoxic natural product azinomycin B

257 EIN (CtBP), antagonistically regulates plant resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas sy

258 ession of Rac1 is associated with multi-drug resistance to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

259 ual body motion reduced the initial in-place resistance to the perturbation.

260 e squirrelpox virus-encoded vMISTRAV exhibit resistance to the same insults.

261 Glioblastoma (GBM) resistance to the standard of care is prompting scientis

262 sensitive lymphoma cells confers collateral resistance to the topoisomerase II poison doxorubicin.

263 s study sheds evident contrasts of bacterial resistance to the two most common heavy metals.

264 osylation (ghmC) exhibits various degrees of resistance to the type V CRISPR-Cas12a system, producing

265 d (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat that provides resistance to the wheat stem sawfly.

266 and nucleotides for biosynthesis, conferring resistance to therapies targeting anabolic pathways.

267 or mass and plays various roles in promoting resistance to therapies.

268 l types in the tumor, drive tumor growth and resistance to therapies.

269 s, thereby increasing GSC tumorigenicity and resistance to therapies.

270 carrying mutations in genes responsible for resistance to therapy has led to a Darwinian model of cl

271 vances in melanoma treatment, metastasis and resistance to therapy remain serious clinical challenges

272 ion for their role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy.

273 hways cooperate to promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy.

274 s associated with worse clinical outcome and resistance to therapy.

275 iotics, but they were also unable to develop resistance to these antibiotics in laboratory experiment

276 Candida showed relative resistance to these compounds, requiring high concentrat

277 onse is almost always temporary and acquired resistance to these drugs invariably emerges.

278 ing indicate a high rate of de novo acquired resistance to these drugs relative to pre-existing resis

279 unity, and divergence of female genotypes in resistance to these effects.

280 rgeted antibodies and kinase inhibitors, but resistance to these therapies leads to systemic tumor re

281 nd a substantial proportion of patients show resistance to these therapies, the beneficial effects of

282 t brown rice and split pea soup demonstrated resistance to thiamine degradation, while thiamine in be

283 re phenotyped for flowering time, height and resistance to three foliar diseases, and genotyped with

284 suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TO

285 to heavy metal remediation depends on their resistance to toxic metals.

286 OM) of gram-negative bacteria confers innate resistance to toxins and antibiotics.

287 isms underlying TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and resistance to TRAIL.

288 is implicated in tumorigenesis and acquired resistance to treatments.

289 ding sites, conferring extreme physiological resistance to TTX.

290 onse to stimuli, and inflammation can impact resistance to tumorigenesis in DS patients.

291 monoubiquitination of eS7A was required for resistance to tunicamycin, whereas E3 ligase Hel2-mediat

292 In particular, cross-resistance to unrelated classes may occur by co-selectio

293 ween the catalytic activity of a MOF and its resistance to unzipping.

294 Resistance to updating beliefs with new information has

295 directly address the underlying mechanism of resistance to vancomycin.

296 transmitted by nematodes linking Nb-mediated resistance to vector transmission.

297 from the F(2) screen showed a high level of resistance to Vip3Aa39 protein, with a resistance ratio

298 The cocktail demonstrated resistance to virus escape and protected non-human prima

299 ture of the nitroxides must confer reduction resistance to withstand the reductive environment within

300 Mediterranean populations confer heightened resistance to Y. pestis.