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1 eplication and reintegration into new sites (retrotransposition).
2 suggestive of extensive recombination during retrotransposition.
3 tic ribozymes that catalyze RNA splicing and retrotransposition.
4 d long-interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition.
5 nd transcription, thereby protecting against retrotransposition.
6 es, cells need to efficiently control LINE-1 retrotransposition.
7 ion of any PDPK phospho-acceptor inhibits L1 retrotransposition.
8 of copy number control (CNC) to inhibit Ty1 retrotransposition.
9 leoprotein particle (L1RNP) formation and L1 retrotransposition.
10 are 5'-truncated and therefore incapable of retrotransposition.
11 ative of extensive reverse transcription and retrotransposition.
12 variation and to endogenous regulation of L1 retrotransposition.
13 and deleterious consequences of uncontrolled retrotransposition.
14 at multiple host defense mechanisms suppress retrotransposition.
15 e and question the putative randomness of L1 retrotransposition.
16 therefore evolved strategies to regulate L1 retrotransposition.
17 ression of AS L1 transcripts also reduced L1 retrotransposition.
18 fects on L1 IRES-mediated translation and L1 retrotransposition.
19 tion and hence a positive host factor for L1 retrotransposition.
20 is cellular protein normally interferes with retrotransposition.
21 ns that are potent negative regulators of L1 retrotransposition.
22 g of the full-length L1 gene and inhibits L1 retrotransposition.
23 ship between levels of these proteins and L1 retrotransposition.
24 ted SVA domains important in L1-mediated SVA retrotransposition.
25 esting a sequence capable of down-regulating retrotransposition.
26 xamer and Alu-like domain) is sufficient for retrotransposition.
27 y represent an unexpected source for de novo retrotransposition.
28 LV-1), while significantly inhibiting LINE-1 retrotransposition.
29 84 and Y318 to alanine, thereby inactivating retrotransposition.
30 ag, P bodies inhibit rather than promote IAP retrotransposition.
31 while not affecting activity against LINE-1 retrotransposition.
32 ndonuclease-independent (ENi) pathway for L1 retrotransposition.
33 d by mutations or treatments that reduce Ty1 retrotransposition.
34 -dense cores, and cDNA synthesis but blocked retrotransposition.
35 vif, and HTLV-1 infection, as well as LINE-1 retrotransposition.
36 o restrict HIV while retaining inhibition of retrotransposition.
37 potent inhibitor of retroviral infection and retrotransposition.
38 a variable requirement for L1 ORF1p for SVA retrotransposition.
39 g interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition.
40 d in the DNA damage response may modulate L1 retrotransposition.
41 everse transcription reaction used by R2 for retrotransposition.
42 tein encoded by ORF1 (ORF1p) is required for retrotransposition.
43 ty to silence reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition.
44 nd cells have evolved mechanisms to restrict retrotransposition.
45 ations, have increased susceptibility for L1 retrotransposition.
46 through a copy-and-paste mechanism known as retrotransposition.
47 lated to DNA repair, replication errors, and retrotransposition.
48 atistically significant paternal bias in Alu retrotransposition.
49 As were observed, despite the lack of recent retrotransposition.
50 ersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) amplifies via retrotransposition.
51 pletion leads to increased L1 expression and retrotransposition.
52 cation protein A (RPA) complex to facilitate retrotransposition.
53 on was discovered via germline SINE-VNTR-Alu retrotransposition.
54 teins influence their ability to suppress L1 retrotransposition.
55 ppressive effect of truncated proteins on L1 retrotransposition.
56 urvey of genes involved in the control of L1 retrotransposition.
57 following MIA, potentially connecting MIA to retrotransposition.
58 ncated human ORF1 proteins suppress human L1 retrotransposition.
59 ersed the repressive effect of miR-128 on L1 retrotransposition.
60 rse genes that either promote or restrict L1 retrotransposition.
61 r factor necessary for L1 nuclear import and retrotransposition.
62 epressing cellular proteins important for L1 retrotransposition.
63 TRIM5alpha efficiently repress human LINE-1 retrotransposition.
64 sductions, which can themselves seed further retrotranspositions.
65 uppress TE activity may facilitate mutagenic retrotranspositions.
68 x chromosomes: amplification of copy number, retrotranspositions, acquisition of de novo genes, and a
69 be required for its DNA deamination and anti-retrotransposition activities were also found to affect
70 tial portion of mammalian genomes, and their retrotransposition activity helped to drive genetic vari
71 LINE-1 or L1) sequences comprise the bulk of retrotransposition activity in the human genome; however
72 PABPs (encoded by PABPN1 and PABPC1) on the retrotransposition activity of the L1 non-long-terminal-
73 hylation analyses revealed that the observed retrotransposition activity was correlated with differen
78 ition to PIWIL2, several other regulators of retrotransposition and endogenous transposable elements
80 These results reveal a correlation between retrotransposition and genome instability during yeast a
81 iated repression, resulting in L1 activation/retrotransposition and impaired spermatogenesis and myel
82 ological and ecological models and show that retrotransposition and loss of env is the trait that lea
83 etromobility, Tof1 suppressed high frequency retrotransposition and maintained karyotype stability in
84 iation and genomic diversity through ongoing retrotransposition and non-allelic homologous recombinat
85 t induction or depletion of TNPO1 affects L1 retrotransposition and nuclear import of an L1-ribonucle
86 rate and evolutionary impact of heritable L1 retrotransposition and reveal retrotransposition-mediate
87 sertions display all the hallmarks of LINE-1 retrotransposition and some contain 5' and 3' transducti
89 ding of the requirements for ORF1p in LINE-1 retrotransposition and, more generally, nucleic acid cha
90 a previously unseen alternative fate of LINE retrotransposition, and may represent an unexpected sour
91 y factors act at a posttranslational step in retrotransposition, and Ty1 RNA packaging into VLPs is a
92 hen the cellular environment is favorable to retrotransposition, aneuploidy predisposes tumor cells t
93 nic carcinoma-derived cell lines (ECs) by L1 retrotransposition are rapidly and efficiently silenced
94 f-principle results substantiate L1-mediated retrotransposition as an important etiological factor in
95 , hnRNPL knockdown dramatically increased L1 retrotransposition as well as L1 RNA and ORF1 protein, i
96 factor E transporter (eIF4E-T) increased IAP retrotransposition as well as levels of IAP transcripts,
97 developed a high-throughput microscopy-based retrotransposition assay that identified the double-stra
98 Here, we took advantage of an engineered L1 retrotransposition assay to analyze L1 mobilization rate
108 la simulans clade, primarily due to Y-linked retrotranspositions being significantly more common in t
109 ediately inhibited intracisternal A-particle retrotransposition but were inactive against Sleeping Be
110 irodela has a genome with no signs of recent retrotranspositions but signatures of two ancient whole-
112 A interference (RNAi) effectively reduced L1 retrotransposition by 70 to 80% without significantly ch
113 contain activities required for conventional retrotransposition by a mechanism termed target-site pri
115 is method for studying the ORF2p function in retrotransposition by assessing the effect of expression
116 ssays to demonstrate that A3A can inhibit L1 retrotransposition by deaminating transiently exposed si
117 support the idea that antisense RNAs inhibit retrotransposition by targeting Ty1 protein function rat
118 se assays, we have characterized profiles of retrotransposition by various human and mouse L1 element
122 at a distance and demonstrates that ongoing retrotransposition can contribute significantly to natur
124 studies have demonstrated that endogenous L1 retrotransposition can occur in the germ line and during
127 an L1s are inactive, ~80-100 elements remain retrotransposition competent and mobilize through RNA in
128 ovel critical parameter of ORF1p activity in retrotransposition conserved for at least the last 25 My
129 Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition continues to affect human genome evol
130 previously appreciated, and that ongoing L1 retrotransposition continues to be a major source of int
133 ture stop codons supported low levels of Alu retrotransposition, demonstrating the potential for sele
134 NA replication, based on the frequency of R2 retrotranspositions determined in natural populations.
136 terspersed repeats (MIR) that have undergone retrotransposition during early mammalian radiation.
138 s a approximately 2-3.7-fold increase in the retrotransposition efficiency of an engineered human L1.
139 Here, we demonstrate an increase in the retrotransposition efficiency of engineered human L1s in
140 ts provide a rich resource for studies of L1 retrotransposition, elucidate a novel L1 restriction pat
141 ich is expressed in many cancers, was a late retrotransposition event that occurred in fishes from th
142 human reference assembly and assigning each retrotransposition event to a different time point durin
143 ental strategies used to map de novo somatic retrotransposition events and present the optimal criter
144 ges of cells marked by different LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition events and subsequent mutation of pol
145 20% of the mammalian genome, and ongoing L1 retrotransposition events can impact genetic diversity b
146 and messenger RNAs in trans Some L1-mediated retrotransposition events consist of a copy of U6 RNA co
147 However, previous characterization of L1 retrotransposition events generated in the presence of A
151 e utility of this approach to detect somatic retrotransposition events in high-grade ovarian serous c
152 mple, 4/19 (21.1%) donors presented germline retrotransposition events in the tumor suppressor mutate
155 We identified 19,166 somatically acquired retrotransposition events, which affected 35% of samples
157 and 3) under certain conditions, somatic L1 retrotransposition exhibits a propensity for occurring i
158 ion events, "young" proviruses competent for retrotransposition-found in many mammals, but not humans
159 lement, ORFeus, exhibits dramatically higher retrotransposition frequencies compared with its native
160 ral DNA repair pathways, directly affects L1 retrotransposition frequency and structure and plays a d
163 h analysis of the rate and dynamics of human retrotransposition from WGS data in three-generation hum
164 f tumor-specific LINE-1 insertions and their retrotransposition hallmarks, demonstrating how long-rea
170 cellular proteins is required for efficient retrotransposition; however, these interactions also may
171 lyzed the patterns and mechanisms of somatic retrotransposition in 2,954 cancer genomes from 38 histo
172 Thus, A3B appears to restrict engineered L1 retrotransposition in a broad range of cell types, inclu
177 at bind their encoding transcript to promote retrotransposition in cis The L1-encoded proteins also p
183 recent reports suggest frequent LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition in human brains, we performed genome-
184 hat engineered human L1s can undergo somatic retrotransposition in human neural progenitor cells and
185 ment insertions, revealed a high activity of retrotransposition in macaques compared with great apes.
189 ression and consequently 70-fold increase in retrotransposition in postnatal day 14 Mov10l1(-/-) germ
190 bservations illuminate a relevant role of L1 retrotransposition in remodeling the cancer genome, with
191 c and post-transcriptional suppression block retrotransposition in somatic cells, excluding early emb
192 expressing tet-ORFeus broadly exhibit robust retrotransposition in somatic tissues when treated with
193 w, we evaluate the available evidence for L1 retrotransposition in the brain and discuss mechanisms t
195 ed high rates of somatic LINE-1 element (L1) retrotransposition in the hippocampus and cerebral corte
196 ee of somatic mosaicism and the impact of L1 retrotransposition in the human brain is likely much hig
198 ells, implying that Tex19.1 prevents de novo retrotransposition in the pluripotent phase of the germl
199 lized in many cancers, a role for somatic L1 retrotransposition in tumor initiation has not been conc
201 suggest that no SVA domain is essential for retrotransposition in U2OS cells and that the 5' end of
202 frequency and the developmental timing of L1 retrotransposition in vivo and whether the mobility of t
205 serve several distinct functions in non-LTR retrotransposition, including 5' processing, translation
207 lasses: L1 retrotransposition insertions and retrotransposition-independent L1-associated variants.
209 g of surrounding genes, thus hinting a novel retrotransposition-independent role for LINE-1 elements
210 , in which firefly luciferase is used as the retrotransposition indicator and Renilla luciferase is e
212 ants (SLAVs) are composed of two classes: L1 retrotransposition insertions and retrotransposition-ind
214 s are the most evolutionarily volatile where retrotransposition is an important, but not the sole, so
215 ing influences SINE function and how ongoing retrotransposition is countered by the body's defense me
216 including U2OS osteosarcoma cells where SVA retrotransposition is equal to that of an engineered L1.
217 Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition is known to create mosaicism by inser
218 e observed that L1 expression and engineered retrotransposition is much lower in both MSCs and HSCs w
219 Detailed mechanistic understanding of L1 retrotransposition is sparse, particularly with respect
220 interspersed nuclear element-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposition is the main mechanism for distributin
221 reverse transcriptase (RT), a process termed retrotransposition, is ongoing in humans and is a source
224 aken together these findings suggest that L1 retrotransposition may be influenced by coexpression of
226 redisposes tumor cells to L1 insertions, and retrotransposition may occur at the transition from eupl
228 Thus, somatic genome mosaicism driven by retrotransposition may reshape the genetic circuitry tha
231 f heritable L1 retrotransposition and reveal retrotransposition-mediated genomic diversification as a
232 including novel forms of complex indels, and retrotransposition-mediated insertions of mobile element
238 e in the formation of chimeric RNAs and that retrotransposition of chimeric RNA contributes to interi
239 of viruses such as HIV-1, HBV, and HCV, and retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements through m
242 tase (RT) domains that are necessary for the retrotransposition of L1 and the Short Interspersed Elem
244 Thus, a 3' poly(A) tract is critical for the retrotransposition of sequences that comprise approximat
245 cis The L1-encoded proteins also promote the retrotransposition of small-interspersed element RNAs, n
246 ble phenomenon of cis preference-the favored retrotransposition of the actively translated L1 transcr
250 racts reduces U6/L1 RNA ligation efficiency; retrotransposition of U6/L1 RNAs leads to U6/L1 pseudoge
251 tumors from 53% of the patients had somatic retrotranspositions, of which 24% were 3' transductions.
252 comprehensive interrogation of the impact of retrotransposition on protein coding genes and a framewo
253 some of these sequences could play a role in retrotransposition, or be necessary for the enzymatic ac
254 Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition poses a mutagenic threat to human gen
255 Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition poses a threat to genome integrity, a
258 and DNA sequencing were used to characterize retrotransposition profiles of L1(RP) in cultured human
266 cific molecular vulnerabilities and reveal a retrotransposition-replication conflict that may be an i
267 uite some time, and strategies similar to L1 retrotransposition reporter assays have been developed t
269 rom inactive variants, indicating loss of L1 retrotransposition resulted from loss of function rather
272 of mRNA processing (P) bodies, which inhibit retrotransposition (RTP) of intracisternal A particles (
274 wo-component system where a mini-Tnt1 with a retrotransposition selectable marker can only transpose
275 ough deletion of Ty3 SP dramatically reduced retrotransposition, significant Gag3 processing and cDNA
278 lasmic A3G, which is inactive against LINE-1 retrotransposition, the A3G/B protein, while localized m
280 equal crossing over possibly in concert with retrotransposition, to create the unique 90-bp exon arra
285 ermore, long interspersed nuclear elements 1 retrotransposition was not enhanced in the absence of Tr
286 o examine the potential impact of RIGS on L1 retrotransposition, we derived a cohort of animals carry
287 of endogenous A3 proteins in restricting L1 retrotransposition, we first generated small hairpin RNA
288 he hypothesis that SLF genes were derived by retrotransposition, we identified 10 F-box genes as puta
289 hether AS L1 transcription could regulate L1 retrotransposition, we replaced portions of native open
291 f mutations, direct repeat recombination, or retrotransposition were measured in young cell populatio
292 targets for Ty3, a set of 10,000 Ty3 genomic retrotranspositions were mapped using high-throughput DN
293 molecular rheostat, allowing high levels of retrotransposition when few Ty1 elements are present and
295 expression of PABPN1 and PABPC1 increased L1 retrotransposition, whereas unregulated overexpression o
296 ssion and perhaps increases in endogenous L1 retrotransposition, which could potentially impact the g
297 ear elements (SINEs), such as Alu, spread by retrotransposition, which requires their transcripts to
298 atures mirror those of germline LINE element retrotranspositions, with frequent target-site duplicati
299 e ORF2 IRES activity, L1 and L1-assisted Alu retrotransposition without altering L1 RNA or protein ab
300 human APOBEC3G (hA3G), can potently restrict retrotransposition; yet, in vivo data demonstrating such