ライフサイエンスコーパス: reward

1 e, or merely by the prospect of a guaranteed reward.

2 of overrepresentation around a translocated reward.

3 rt allocation as a function of instantaneous reward.

4 nventional model, sensitive only to monetary reward.

5 be sensitive to devaluation of the expected reward.

6 lue to environmental predictors of threat or reward.

7 support a markedly different model for food reward.

8 revealed using CPP tests of song-associated reward.

9 so as to make optimal decisions to maximize reward.

10 ivation and reduced sensitivity for monetary reward.

11 oral anticipatory arousal to high-value food reward.

12 (hyporeactive) striatal response to monetary rewards.

13 del-based behavior unless it leads to higher rewards.

14 icipatory behaviors to prepare for impending rewards.

15 the anticipation relative to the learning of rewards.

16 that are predictive of effort, e.g. received rewards.

17 ng to the immediate experience of stochastic rewards.

18 ring reward anticipation, especially of food rewards.

19 responses or do just a few colonies reap the rewards?

20 t takes actions that optimize its subjective reward according to its understanding of the task and it

21 free learning, i.e., simple reinforcement of rewarded actions, and the other is model-based learning,

22 e DBD-only group showed reduced anticipatory reward activation compared with the typically developing

23 ility to infer the current value of specific rewards after devaluation.

24 regardless of whether they followed average reward amount expectations, but only in learnable reward

25 ese findings define a connection between the reward and circadian pathways in the regulation of patho

26 d with either a high or a low probability of reward and concomitantly corrupted prediction error sign

27 e behavior is influenced by prepotent action-reward and inaction-avoid loss Pavlovian biases.

28 physically identical choices that maximized reward and information, but could not be explained by si

29 s to dissociate between the contributions of reward and learning to happiness.

30 l cortex, correlated with both higher social reward and lower social threat expectancies.

31 Thus, in this study reward and punisher manipulation of affective state appe

32 ivity and fired precisely timed bursts after reward and punishment.

33 ement of the dopamine 1 (D1) receptor on the reward and reinforcement behavior of GBP.

34 the SNr play more important roles in opioid reward and relapse than MORs on VTA GABA neurons.SIGNIFI

35 acement on the prioritization of memories by reward and the time-dependence of this effect.

36 By properly defining rewards and designing noise reduction techniques, and af

37 s in operant conditioning for palatable food rewards and in reward-based Go/No-go tasks.

38 l-to-trial memory uncertainty with potential rewards and prior beliefs.

39 ates that represent uncertainty about future rewards and propose how they guide information-seeking,

40 Learning about rewards and punishments is critical for survival.

41 latory activity is associated with movement, reward, and decision-making, and observed in several int

42 mplication of beta4*nAChRs in anxiety-, food reward- and nicotine reward-related behaviors.

43 ng (fMRI) ventral striatum activation during reward anticipation (primary outcome) as compared to pla

44 and greater negative facial reactions during reward anticipation, especially of food rewards.

45 bo, nicotine induced more NAcc reactivity to reward anticipation.

46 tion resulted in the precise timing of their reward approaches.

47 differences in responses to drug and nondrug reward are linked and together form a risk profile for d

48 arely agree in finite time that the expected rewards are equal.

49 the willingness to exert physical effort for reward as well as reduced the preference for risky outco

50 and found a representation for observational rewards as well as observational expected reward values.

51 fting task, in which the volume of a sucrose reward associated with a predictive cue is suddenly alte

52 in social environment can mitigate risks and rewards associated with occupying a particular patch.

53 idly learn to identify odors and predict the rewards associated with them.

54 Glutamatergic transmission carrying reward-associated signals converges in the NAc and regul

55 Reward-associated stimuli can both evoke conditioned res

56 attention can also be captured by previously reward-associated stimuli, even if they are currently ta

57 of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate reward association and motivation.

58 ctor rats have fully learned a stimulus-self-reward association, adding a cue that predicted addition

59 e OT within minutes of learning a novel odor-reward association, whereas the pPC lacks an explicit re

60 r, decisions are not guided by choice-linked reward associations alone; macaques also maintain a memo

61 ly learned but currently irrelevant stimulus-reward associations, a phenomenon termed "value-driven a

62 le human participants first learned stimulus-reward associations.

63 rform a novel decision-making task with both reward asymmetry and temporal uncertainty.

64 A PD DBS cohort (N = 37) completed a reward-based Go/No-Go task and bias measures were calcul

65 nditioning for palatable food rewards and in reward-based Go/No-go tasks.

66 diction error signals that are essential for reward-based learning.

67 s) are a range of behaviours linked by their reward-based, repetitive natures.

68 ing when to avoid threats and when to pursue rewards becomes crucial.

69 thway is required for autism-relevant social reward behavior.

70 ygdala (BLA) neuronal population that drives reward behaviors and antagonizes the BLA's original fear

71 contributions of FEF and caudate neurons to reward-biased decision-making and put experimental const

72 isease patients exert similar effort to gain reward but less effort to avoid punishment when compared

73 p the neuronal networks recruited by natural rewards by evaluating cocaine- and sucrose-associated en

74 how here that an explicit representation for reward category emerges in the OT within minutes of lear

75 orm cortex (pPC) are candidates for decoding reward category from olfactory sensory input and relayin

76 uits and intracellular pathways in the brain reward center that are implicated in sensory and affecti

77 tion how motor neurons may help shape threat-reward choice behaviors through interacting with other n

78 a central component of the midbrain dopamine reward circuit, exhibits disturbed circadian rhythms in

79 CRP in MDD has been associated with altered reward circuitry and increased brain glutamate in relati

80 een identified in critical components of the reward circuitry and interacting stress circuits.

81 tain molecularly defined pathways within the reward circuitry are particularly susceptible to early-l

82 ndings highlight the potential importance of reward circuitry in ketamine's mechanism of action, whic

83 and adult affective disorders involving the reward circuitry.

84 in humans and animals have implicated brain reward circuits in aggression and suggest that, in subse

85 Is influence the function of NAc and related reward circuits, ultimately leading to addictive behavio

86 y have a strong innate component embedded in reward circuits.

87 This reward context improved overall performance, similarly s

88 Reward contingencies are defined in real-time by fMRI mu

89 al changes versus stochastic fluctuations in reward contingencies.

90 y presenting these stimuli in the absence of reward contingency and probing their effects on the proc

91 re of memory uncertainty, obtained through a rewarded decision.

92 tention to choice alternatives contribute to reward decisions during temporal discounting is not clea

93 introduce a task that investigates if mutual reward delivery in male rats can drive associative learn

94 ich dopamine neuronal activation shifts from reward delivery to cue onset, and provide insight into t

95 the influence on anticipatory licking before reward delivery.

96 d dependence was obtained using the subscale reward dependence of the Tridimensional Personality Ques

97 Reward dependence was obtained using the subscale reward

98 Additionally, a personality measure of reward dependence was obtained.

99 ry fluctuation that degrades performance and reward-dependent exploratory behavior that improves perf

100 nce that this noise reduction is driven by a reward-dependent increase in arm stiffness.

101 We can be motivated when reward depends on performance, or merely by the prospect

102 if the experimental subject is inferring the reward distribution (to optimize some process), they wil

103 dating model-based strategies, not for basic reward-driven action reinforcement.

104 omotes goal-directed motivation, but dampens reward-driven vigour, contradictory to the prediction th

105 choices between drug use and non-drug social rewards (e.g., employment and family).

106 ent that rapid brain uptake promotes smoking reward, E-cigs might maintain a degree of nicotine depen

107 triatum, an area involved in psychomotor and rewarding effects of drugs.

108 d amount expectations, but only in learnable reward environments.

109 itofrontal cortex specifically detected rare reward events regardless of whether they followed averag

110 ated that acute stress selectively increased reward-evoked dopamine release in the ventral lateral st

111 tion that increased tonic dopamine amplifies reward expectation.

112 survive using conventional wisdom but being rewarded for a unique path outside of it seems to be an

113 Students and classes gained points and rewards for engaging in any activity in or out of school

114 whose activity correlated with both expected rewards for oneself and others, and in tracking outcome

115 nt learning task with a spatially structured reward function.

116 lity regardless of whether outcomes involved reward gain, electrical stimulation, or reward loss.

117 sing a full factorial model, with condition (reward > control, loss > control) and concentrations for

118 associations (learning-to-learn) and to make reward-guided decisions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Frontal n

119 etworks and the temporal lobes contribute to reward-guided learning in mammals.

120 to learn novel visuospatial discriminations (reward-guided learning).

121 nk between desynchronization and engagement, rewards had a long-lasting desynchronizing effect.

122 y learned associations between name cues and rewarding (happy faces) or aversive (fearful faces) soci

123 A GABA neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid reward has long been believed to be mediated by inhibiti

124 ing on a motorized treadmill, could obtain a reward if they approached it after a fixed interval.

125 P neurons are essential for movements toward reward in a positive motivational context but suppress m

126 asymmetrical response of the lateral OFC to reward in both species.

127 nsient fast spiking responses to the cue and reward in correct trials, while for incorrect ones the a

128 conditioned place preference (CPP) tests of reward indicate that song production in gregarious conte

129 tic shift of attention from the delay to the reward information and differences in eye tracking betwe

130 gment, computational modelling revealed that reward information and sensorimotor markers of exertion

131 The hippocampus binds reward information into allocentric cognitive maps to su

132 influence of background, but not foreground, reward information when making a dynamic comparison of t

133 Performance-dependent (contingent) reward is instrumental, relying on an internal action-ou

134 These findings suggest that opioid reward is more likely mediated by stimulation of MORs in

135 nals that depend strongly on the state where reward is obtained but minimally on the preceding choice

136 Given that neural response to rewards is altered in MDD and given that reward-related

137 task, that the expected timing of available rewards is indicated by lever pressing.

138 At a group level, baseline reward learning (P = 0.001) and prediction error signall

139 ation and Attachment, Reward Responsiveness, Reward Learning and Reward Valuation constructs.

140 ictions: patients with stronger pretreatment reward learning and reward-related prediction error sign

141 Effort-related decision-making and reward learning are both dopamine-dependent, but preclin

142 thium suggests that a targeted modulation of reward learning may be a viable approach for novel inter

143 punishment-based learning without affecting reward learning or movement.

144 subjects who participated in a probabilistic reward learning task during event-related functional MRI

145 -core-projecting neurons disrupted Pavlovian reward learning, and activation of these cells promoted

146 e Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) measure of reward learning, under placebo and two doses of d-amphet

147 vity and prolonged cravings for drug through reward learning.

148 dent and joint effects of these factors upon reward learning.

149 Pairing a second stimulus with a reward led to a similar enhanced representation and incr

150 Computational analysis revealed that reward led to both an increase in feedback correction in

151 rmance [fixed-interval (FI) schedule of food reward, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior],

152 lved reward gain, electrical stimulation, or reward loss.

153 fort to minimize punishment than to maximize reward (loss aversion).

154 cond, we examined dopaminergic modulation of reward magnitude effects on temporal discounting.

155 Discounting was steeper for low versus high reward magnitudes, but this effect was largely unaffecte

156 come model, whereas motivation by guaranteed reward may minimise opportunity cost in reward-rich envi

157 e onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities.

158 in the NAc and regulates various aspects of reward-motivated behaviors.

159 cortex (OFC) and the opioid system regulate reward, motivation, and food intake, understanding the r

160 he ventral striatal/ventromedial prefrontal "reward" network, and the lateral orbitofrontal "nonrewar

161 ty across multiple nodes of brain stress and reward networks.

162 Reward neurocircuitry has been implicated in QoL, the ne

163 e quantified functional connectivity (FC) of reward neurocircuitry using nucleus accumbens (NAc) seed

164 ed that the brain represents possible future rewards not as a single mean, but instead as a probabili

165 ees, learning flights become longer when the reward offered by a flower is increased.(3) We show here

166 behavior using saccharin preference testing, reward-omission testing, and open-field testing, respect

167 ring decision-making when attempting to gain reward or avoid punishment.

168 or pharmaceuticals, opioids differ in their rewarding or analgesic effects depending on when they ar

169 to elicit attention due to associations with rewards or punishments.

170 Despite the segregation reward, our experiments show that spatial integration ca

171 The identity of the chosen stimulus and the reward outcome were strongly encoded in the responses of

172 ing payoffs, intentions of the other player, reward outcomes and predictions about the other player.

173 y dopamine neurons receive information about reward outcomes remains poorly understood.

174 ity is thought to promote the association of rewarding outcomes with relevant cues.

175 Second, reward-paired cues are powerful motivators and they can

176 First, reward-paired cues evoke conditioned anticipatory behavi

177 in the attribution of incentive salience to reward-paired cues, and underscore the consequences of p

178 ing roles in a variety of systems, including reward pathways, and an important direction for research

179 Analyses included reward positivity (RewP) data from 118 children randomly

180 onist (relative to placebo) on reactivity to reward-predicting cues (Pavlovian-to-instrumental transf

181 l cortex, while DA depletion affected social reward prediction encoding only in the prefrontal cortex

182 We show that sign-trackers exhibit a neural reward prediction error signal that is not detectable in

183 Whereas local reward prediction error signals are early and phasic in

184 l role only after outcome, when they encoded reward prediction errors graded by confidence, influenci

185 ce representations in prefrontal cortex with reward prediction errors in basal ganglia support explor

186 revealed that 5-HT depletion altered social reward prediction signals in the insula, temporal lobe,

187 ing positive and negative error signals of a reward prediction.

188 ign-trackers, model-free phasic dopaminergic reward-prediction errors underlie learning, which render

189 According to the now canonical theory, reward predictions are represented as a single scalar qu

190 in the attribution of motivational value to reward predictive cues as well as prediction error.

191 nd thus tracked specifically the learning of reward predictive visual features.

192 e release in the nucleus accumbens evoked by reward-predictive cues is accompanied by a rapid suppres

193 ecisions based on the feature dimension that reward probabilities vary on.

194 antify the longitudinal associations between reward processing abnormalities and depression.

195 understanding the etiology and treatment of reward processing deficits in depression.

196 The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a reward processing hub sensitive to acute sleep deprivati

197 utcome anticipation, and response-contingent reward processing in a visual probabilistic categorizati

198 p time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sl

199 ventions that target insomnia or deficits in reward processing may mitigate the risk of depression in

200 whether brain- and behavior-based markers of reward processing might be associated with response to b

201 becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress

202 However, neuroimaging investigations of reward processing underlying these phenotypes remain spa

203 s implicated in diverse functions, including reward processing, reinforcement learning, and cognitive

204 RI signal was associated with alterations in reward processing.

205 tworked brain regions involved in threat and reward processing.

206 diminishes morphine analgesia and modulates reward processing.

207 of drug consumption that virtually highjacks reward processing.

208 n pain sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and reward processing.

209 Here we examined the attracting rewarding properties of opposite ends of the wavelength

210 These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during

211 Reward provided during training enhanced rapid eye movem

212 ual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training.

213 so maintain a memory of the general, average reward rate - the global reward state - in an environmen

214 by changes in both foreground and background reward rates.

215 Our results point to the importance of reward rather than punishment avoidance in driving impul

216 represents the full distribution over future rewards rather than only the average and better explains

217 +CU group showed increased activation during reward receipt compared with those in the typically deve

218 During reward receipt, youths with DBDs showed increased cortic

219 ority of VP neurons are GABAergic and encode reward, recent studies revealed a novel glutamatergic ne

220 Ts) predominantly approached the location of reward receptacle.

221 irection-discrimination task with asymmetric rewards reflected a biased accumulate-to-bound decision

222 e fields it has per unit space, predicts its reward-related activity, and is preserved across distinc

223 AChRs in anxiety-, food reward- and nicotine reward-related behaviors.

224 Although NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is expressed in reward-related brain areas, its role in regulating motiv

225 onnectivity between the hypothalamus and the reward-related brain regions during water infusion relat

226 to rewards is altered in MDD and given that reward-related circuitry is modulated by dopamine and se

227 Using resting-state and reward-related functional MRI data from humans and from

228 tor dopamine plays a key role in motivation, reward-related learning, and normal motor function.

229 in, we examined, for the first time, whether reward-related neural activity moderated response to ser

230 leus projection influences the expression of reward-related phenotypes and is a novel circuit promoti

231 th stronger pretreatment reward learning and reward-related prediction error signalling improved most

232 ivity modes to encode, respectively, the cue/reward responses and motor parameters, most prominently

233 ures of the RDoC Affiliation and Attachment, Reward Responsiveness, Reward Learning and Reward Valuat

234 teed reward may minimise opportunity cost in reward-rich environments.

235 ing teaching signals that influence adaptive reward seeking.

236 l striatum (DMS) in regulating goal-directed reward-seeking behavior has been long appreciated.

237 Such conditioned stimuli (CS) can guide reward-seeking behavior in adaptive (e.g., locating food

238 Habitual reward-seeking behavior is a hallmark of addictive behav

239 Cues can also promote dysfunctional reward-seeking behavior, as in overeating.

240 t developed either habitual or goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors.

241 ctivation impaired inhibitory but not active reward-seeking, the latter effect being diametrically op

242 ncentive stimuli orient the attention toward reward-seeking, whereas instructive stimuli inform about

243 ication overnight did not modulate pupillary reward sensitivity in impulse control disorder patients,

244 The pupillary reward sensitivity measure described here provides a mea

245 sorder patients, whereas in control patients reward sensitivity was significantly reduced when OFF do

246 of inhibiting DRN-projecting LHb neurons on reward sensitivity, perseverative behavior, and anxiety-

247 effect of dopaminergic medication changes on reward sensitivity.

248 wer tax or rebate on healthy food items, the reward signal for such items in the brain is significant

249 ting that BLA neurons do not carry a primary reward signal.

250 In particular, it has been shown that reward signals mediated by dopamine help guide the prior

251 s the complete state space of the task, with reward signals that depend strongly on the state where r

252 hesis is that people with obesity respond to rewards similarly to people with addictions such as alco

253 ts in a reinforcement learning task in which reward size and probability were uncorrelated, allowing

254 To compare different reward-specific ensembles within the same mouse, we used

255 ucrose self-administration protocol allowing reward-specific seeking.

256 he general, average reward rate - the global reward state - in an environment.

257 orrelates positively with a bird's intrinsic reward state and with opioid markers in the medial preop

258 the dorsal raphe nucleus, that track global reward state as well as specific outcome events.

259 ong by influencing an individual's intrinsic reward state.

260 creased discriminability between the equally rewarded stimuli.

261 ing a initial set of trials, they selected a reward structure (ratio of points for target hits and mi

262 ve mechanisms for incorporating temporal and reward structure into decisions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT I

263 ptimal target selection (task 1) and optimal reward structure selection (task 2) required taking into

264 ns are influenced by many factors, including reward structures and stimulus timing.

265 well as brain regions involved in affect and reward, such as the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and

266 ere trained to exert effort for a high-value reward (sucrose pellets) in a progressive ratio lever-pr

267 lue that treats instrumental divergence as a reward surrogate provided a better account of male and f

268 Reward system dysfunction is a well-known correlate and

269 aim of this study was to assess deficits in reward system functioning and mesolimbic DA after altern

270 tral pallidum (VP) is a key structure in the reward system, in which GABA neurotransmission is regula

271 ealing a novel cellular pathway in the brain reward system.

272 usive excellence to institutional values and reward systems.

273 n = 30) completed the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT) measure of effort-related decision-m

274 lated decision-making, and the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) measure of reward learning, under plac

275 compartment, at least some of which provide reward teaching signals, can be clustered into 5 anatomi

276 anisms, resulting in improved outcomes, will reward the effort invested in incorporating sex as a bio

277 ist dose did modulate pupillary responses to reward, the pattern of results was replicated even when

278 s on the current environment's potential for reward, the timing of the individual's own recent action

279 In the absence of reward, there was either no change in stimulus represent

280 epresent inferred relationships that include reward, thereby "joining-the-dots" between events that h

281 Consistent with reward, these color effects were magnified following mon

282 Though rewarding, this has not been a particularly easy union.

283 tion, adding a cue that predicted additional reward to a partner unblocked associative learning about

284 ugh clinical audits, financial penalties and rewards to efficient maternity centres could also be con

285 on and punishment-resistant responding, food reward tolerance and escalation of intake through 24-h e

286 , Reward Responsiveness, Reward Learning and Reward Valuation constructs.

287 poral psychological distance plays a role in reward valuation.

288 ENT Associating relevant target stimuli with reward value can enhance their salience, facilitating th

289 e results reveal neural signals that combine reward value with sensory confidence and guide subsequen

290 , chose options without the highest expected reward value) and earned fewer points than controls in a

291 th increased physical salience and increased reward-value salience of a target improve behavioral mea

292 al rewards as well as observational expected reward values.

293 episodic memory's influence on decisions for reward, we propose a framework in which drug choices are

294 Specifically, besides chemical validity rewards, we have introduced novel generative adversarial

295 ocial (affective touch) and nonsocial (food) rewards were assessed.

296 place cell reorganization around a familiar reward, while its inhibition decreases the degree of ove

297 A drug-like prey provides extreme reward with no nutritive value, initiating high selectiv

298 the anticipation of natural versus monetary rewards with the former associated with ventromesial and

299 subjective value that they assign to future rewards, yet, the components feeding into this appraisal

300 y patterns from the approach to the unmarked reward zone to patterns during slow-wave sleep (SWS).