ライフサイエンスコーパス: salt

1 ysiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt.

2 ospholipid molecules to be excreted per bile salt.

3 fraction of 12.0 wt % MgO in the carnallite salt.

4 as induced in mice by dextran sulfate sodium salt.

5 sing a fluorescently labeled conjugated bile salt.

6 ydrochloric acid afforded diazaphosphepinium salts.

7 materials, including Ln(3+) MOFs and Ln(3+) salts.

8 ins, with dissolved Li(+), Cu(2+), or Zn(2+) salts.

9 anic materials via the preparation of porous salts.

10 es were observed between sulfate and nitrate salts.

11 in structure-activity relationships of these salts.

12 alkylating reagents via Katritzky pyridinium salts.

13 bly largely presented as different inorganic salts.

14 oxidants, such as benzoquinone and silver(I) salts.

15 ation on MM formation and stability of MM to salts.

16 alopyridines, generates transient pyridinium salts.

17 n "naked" cations to 5-9 kcal mol(-1) in the salts.

18 unfolded proteins are preserved under added salt (0-140 mM NaCl) and added excipients concentrations

19 dipotassium bis(silylenyl)-nido-carboranate salt, 1,2-(LSi)(2)-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10)K(2), and NHC-SiCl(

20 The marine origin of brine salts(10) and bacteria(12) implies that MIS11 ice loss w

21 Fresh minced pork was exposed to either high salt (2 M KCl) only or high salt with lower pH to mimic

22 Using protonated tetrafluoroborate salts, a strong counterion effect was demonstrated by me

23 aracteristic foam through CO(2) injection or salts addition.

24 he influence of solution pH, the presence of salt additives, and catalyst loading on ROMP monomer con

25 istributions tend to be narrow and extensive salt adduction, heterogeneity, and so on tend to lead to

26 ffectively reduces the number of nonspecific salt adducts to biological molecules, therefore increasi

27 the process is operated at a smaller average salt adsorption rate.

28 3 Mkm(2) located in nonfrigid zones has been salt-affected with a frequency of reoccurrence in at lea

29 plex thermodynamic interactions between bile salts alone or with phospholipids, i.e. mixed micelles a

30 ctrolytes, F K-edge to study the electrolyte salt and binder stability, and the transition metal L-ed

31 annel that regulates gastric acid secretion, salt and glucose homeostasis, and heart rhythm.

32 tment dispersion was significantly lower for salt and nutrient addition microcosms, suggesting determ

33 We do so by running transects of salt and sugar baits and inferring the magnitude of envi

34 e matrices and the influence of changing pH, salt and temperature levels remains unclear.

35 he intrinsic synergistic effects between the salt and the solvent when they coexist on electrode surf

36 play an essential role in the regulation of salt and water homeostasis by the kidneys.

37 In its salt and/or osmolyte-induced more ordered conformation,

38 namides and enecarbamates with sulfinic acid salts and alcohols is described.

39 ota and Basidiomycota, capable of displacing salts and overcome little water availability, were found

40 n addition, the individual effects of plasma salts and protein on the extraction of ctDNA with SPME a

41 t the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles.

42 temperatures, in brine lakes saturated with salt, and in the driest deserts.

43 s differed in added amounts of soy lecithin, salt, and reducing agents (l-cysteine and glutathione).

44 ortance of the substrate, microbial species, salt, and temperature used in the experiments.

45 re could influence micellar behavior of bile salts, and in turn whether this affected the biological

46 retion has a unique composition of proteins, salts, and sugars, which can affect the infectivity pote

47 dyl ethers, aryl silyl ethers), to phenolate salts, and ultimately to simply unprotected phenols, sor

48 s and reduced NADPH oxidase activity in DOCA-salt animals.

49 e strong interaction between the O(2-) of Li-salt anion and the surface oxygen vacancies of each oxid

50 negatively charged electrode surface repels salt anions from the inner layer and results in an inner

51 ed noodles however decreased with increasing salt application.

52 We featurize 21 organic halide salts, apply them as capping layers onto methylammonium

53 (5) -dissolution mechanisms for different Zn-salt aqueous electrolytes and their implications to the

54 ts for the associations of 17 diaryliodonium salts Ar(2)I(+)X(-) with 11 different Lewis bases (halid

55 s associated with the freezing of metals and salts are calculated by treating crystal growth as an as

56 diannulated 1,4,2-diazaphospholium triflate salts are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy

57 tal ions from the most common hydrated metal salts are first atomically embedded into an in situ form

58 Bile salts are secreted into the gastrointestinal tract to ai

59 ehydes, and diacetyl, we confirmed that iron salts are the most efficient catalysts.

60 Ammonium salts are used as phase-transfer catalysts for fluorinat

61 pending on the context, traditional alkaline salts are used to reduce cooking times, improve rheologi

62 adenosine-5')-pentaphosphate (Ap5A) ammonium salt as an LdHSP78 inhibitor.

63 ytic precursor and without the need for a Cu salt as the co-catalyst.

64 ticles and gold ions and propose to use gold salts as a "shortcut" to assess the long-term effects of

65 ins, we examined the utility of alkali metal salts as a charge-reducing agent.

66 h a series of nine different cation chloride salts as a function of salt concentration.

67 system that employs simple unligated Ni(II) salts as an inexpensive alternative to the Pd-based syst

68 The final optimized method uses salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction in a single extra

69 corrosion of Ni-Cr alloys in molten fluoride salt at 650 degrees C.

70 mploying aqueous mobile phases with volatile salts at neutral pH combined with electrospray-ionizatio

71 Here, we present an interstrand salt bridge between (4S)-aminoproline (Amp) and aspartic

72 nique P-loop conformation characterized by a salt bridge between R41 and the carboxylic acid of the i

73 The designed compounds containing such a salt bridge reached high oral bioavailability and oral e

74 90RhoGAP; rather, it makes an intramolecular salt bridge to an aspartic acid.

75 fy arginine-49 as a key residue that forms a salt bridge to aspartate-25 in the patient protein fibri

76 with the ATP-pocket and mediates a critical salt bridge with a glutamate (Glu130) of alphaC helix, w

77 the side chain of Arg259 H-bonds and forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of glucuronic aci

78 be improved by the formation of an internal salt bridge, which helped in shielding the two opposite

79 tent with expectations for the strength of a salt bridge.

80 further identified inter- and intramolecular salt-bridge interactions of Orai subunits as a core elem

81 12 amino acid residues forming intersubunit salt bridges and 21 amino acid residues forming hydrogen

82 l of the thin filament displays a paucity of salt bridges and hydrophobic complementarity between the

83 strong interpeptide interactions, including salt bridges, H-bonds, and polar interactions.

84 hey do not include the previously identified salt bridges, which are less important.

85 ity, interfacial wettability, and asymmetric salt-bridging propensity.

86 d to net negatively charged liposomes in low-salt buffer solutions, a drop of the apparent pKa from 7

87 exposed tip coated with the polyoxometalate salt [(C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)H[PMo(10)V(2)O(40)], specially d

88 um hedonics and offer molecular insight into salt chemotaxis learning.

89 trained to lick different tastants (sucrose, salt, citric acid, quinine, and water) from a lick spout

90 ess and overall sensory acceptability of the salt-coated noodles however decreased with increasing sa

91 The salt coatings retained the pathogen inactivation capabil

92 The objective was to evaluate the effect of salt-coatings on the textural, handling, cooking, and se

93 [P(4444)][Thy].2H(2)O, as well as the double salt cocrystal, [P(4444)](2)[Ad][Thy].3H(2)O.2HThy.

94 to the relatively lower solubility of sodium salts compared to its alkaline cousins (Li, K, and Cs).

95 ns of relatively high force (>2 pN) and high salt concentration (>0.5 M NaCl).

96 conditions of lower force (0.3 pN) and lower salt concentration (0.2 M NaCl), we find that plectoneme

97 ever, the efficiency is limited by increased salt concentration and accumulation.

98 using the interfacial tensions and critical salt concentration as inputs.

99 that the associated differences in critical salt concentration can be used to predict multiphase dro

100 he maximal investigated pressure and minimal salt concentration were -31.6 and -34.4 cm(3)/mol, respe

101 d elongated virions in isotonic (physiologic salt concentration) and hypertonic solutions.

102 optimal solvent conditions, in terms of pH, salt concentration, and added excipients.

103 erent cation chloride salts as a function of salt concentration.

104 o elongated shape is induced with increasing salt concentration.

105 and incubated with flood water of different salt concentrations (0, 10, 20 g L(-1)).

106 e controlled mixing of waters with different salt concentrations (i.e., salinity gradient energy) can

107 anoparticle evolution due to changing pH and salt concentrations in the stomach and upper intestine.

108 ormulation of rNDV, as exposure to different salt concentrations may be needed.

109 rNDV transitions from spherical at very low salt concentrations to a heterogeneous population of sph

110 Moreover, under physiological pH and salt concentrations, this oxidized form adopts a J-elong

111 pH, temperature, lysozyme concentration and salt concentrations.

112 nstitutes the rationale behind the "water-in-salt" concept.

113 However, under purely monovalent salt conditions (K+, Na+), TALEs bind to specific and no

114 erences linked with adduct formation in high-salt conditions explain the molecular species observed.

115 ) ion intensities than those of ESI for both salt-containing and neat samples, although important dif

116 The presence of the rare lead chloride salts cotunnite (PbCl(2)) and challacolloite (KPb(2)Cl(5

117 ries of radical-bridged dilanthanide complex salts [(Cp*(2)Ln)(2)(mu-5,5'-R(2)bpym)](BPh(4)) (Ln = Gd

118 ~1.0 unit), and no evidence of either buffer salt crystallization or protein aggregation was observed

119 Once fixed by simply diluting out solution salts, crystals are pulled out of the water for further

120 , the immunological consequences of clinical salt depletion are unknown.

121 Calcium l-lactate, an organic salt derived from l-lactic acid, is used in many fields

122 ay possess novel, undescribed mechanisms for salt detection.

123 Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) from 7 weeks of age to induce HFpEF.

124 -induced metabolic alkalosis (MAlk) and high-salt diet (HSD) also increase expression of NBCn1 and NB

125 Low-salt diet did not achieve reductions of blood pressure.

126 wever, when Zdhhc7 (-/-) mice were fed a low-salt diet, they developed hyponatremia and mild metaboli

127 Adherence to Nordic, portfolio, and low-salt diets also significantly decreased SBP and DBP leve

128 Whilst high salt diets have been shown to worsen autoimmune disease,

129 Low-salt diets significantly decreased BP levels in normoten

130 fore, during the salt selection process, the salt dissolution behavior should be well understood.

131 wever, we find that the addition of chloride salts dramatically improves ROMP conversion and control.

132 in faeces and stripped of membranes by bile salts during passage through the bile ducts to the gut(4

133 ) on water-removable substrates of inorganic salts (e.g., NaCl), combined with vacuum filtration.

134 ife cycle inventory tool with information on salts emitted with irrigation water per country and 160

135 s, small heterodimer partner (SHP), and bile salt export pump (BSEP).

136 MYO5B(P663L) piglets had alterations in bile salt export pump, a transporter that facilitates bile fl

137 els, hepatic HAX-1 deficiency increases bile salt exporter protein levels, thereby promoting enterohe

138 foods, considering the tolerance limits for salt, fat and saturated fatty acids.

139 ransfer (PET) between Trp and the pyridinium salt, followed by fragmentation of the pyridinium N-N bo

140 leviate the demand on high concentrations of salt for sucrose production, we further overexpressed th

141 ne removal was achieved in 6.7 min with 7 mM salts for ionic strength and 2.5 mg/L H(2)O(2).

142 at a single dose of UV-4B (the hydrochloride salt form of N-(9'-methoxynonyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin; MON

143 can exist in a free-base or protonated (or "salt") form.

144 Salt formation is a well-established method to increase

145 liquid-liquid extraction of primary ammonium salts from water and for the selective recognition of ly

146 The salt-functionalized filters quickly killed Gram-positive

147 Consequently, the salt-ground mince with phytic acid showed worse viscoela

148 High salt-grown UWO 241 exhibited increased thylakoid proton

149 g two amines, two dialdehydes, and two metal salts-have been found to self-sort, generating two pairs

150 f food and beverages high in fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) from 05.30 hours to 21.00 hours (5:30 AM to

151 WNK1, a kinase that controls kidney salt homeostasis, also regulates adhesion and migration

152 lterations in bile salt output, biliary bile salt hydrophobicity, or increased activity of dedicated

153 The regular salt in enrolled households was retrieved and replaced,

154 readily prepared and isolated as the oxalate salts in high yield and high purity.

155 el quantifies the negative implications that salts in irrigation water have on soil quality, in terms

156 ity due to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the agricultural soil profile, allowing differe

157 The investigation of salts in water at extreme conditions is crucial to under

158 inearly with both increasing temperature and salt-in-moisture content, whereas solubility of CO(2) in

159 iotensin II) and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt induced hypertension.

160 We utilized this setup to investigate the salt-induced aggregation kinetics of gold (Au) and silve

161 CXCR6 in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt-induced inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney.

162 ibits anti-aggregation activity against bile salt-induced protein aggregation.

163 We inferred salt-induced rock changes from (i) strain changes, (ii)

164 horylation of HDAC7 by the CaMK group member salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) stabilized the deacetylas

165 Salt intake affects male body shape by increasing BMI-ad

166 l by the gustatory system is fundamental for salt intake and tissue homeostasis.

167 High salt intake is a top dietary risk factor.

168 ibited reduced arterial pressure during high salt intake; this associated with an increased natriuret

169 As drugs and bile salts interact, increasing the absorption of lipophilic

170 y intercalation of chlorophyll sodium copper salt into a melamine-based supramolecular precursor foll

171 Active secretion of bile salts into the canalicular lumen drives bile formation a

172 propane carbaldehydes with the hydroxylamine salt is introduced.

173 ar voids resulting from Cr leaching into the salt is reduced by proton irradiation alone.

174 d by tetraalkylammonium or trialkylsulfonium salts is explored with density functional theory.

175 as its bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium (PPN) salt, is shown herein to be a versatile reagent for nucl

176 -phenalenyl 7 (BMes, NMe), the radical-anion salt K[7(*)] was generated through chemical reduction wi

177 ephalitis panel (FA-ME; BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT), we aimed to determine the clinical

178 In Salt Lake City, Utah, a GHG instrument was deployed on a

179 il train car that continuously traverses the Salt Lake Valley (SLV) through a range of urban typologi

180 N-aryl substituents of hydroxypyridinium ion salts lead to enhanced acidities, more acidic catalysts

181 , which is different from traditional molten-salt Li metal batteries using a pristine metallic Li ano

182 and high rate capability of disordered rock salt Li(3)V(2)O(5) to a redistributive lithium intercala

183 uretic response during the first 2-3 days of salt loading.

184 estigate immunity in patients with inherited salt-losing tubulopathies (SLT).

185 ion owing to lack of KCTD1 leads to a severe salt-losing tubulopathy.

186 ASH), Mediterranean, Nordic, vegetarian, low-salt, low-carbohydrate, low-fat, high-protein, low glyce

187 c mangrove habitat, the suboptimal colonized salt marsh ecosystem, and on docks within the marsh, an

188 combined regional surveys of southeastern US salt marsh geomorphology and invertebrate communities wi

189 on and DNRA and the microbial communities in salt marsh sediments.

190 driving dynamic, landscape-scale changes in salt-marsh geomorphic evolution, spatial organization, a

191 d ecological organization of southeastern US salt marshes now burdened by rising sea levels.

192 fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in coastal salt marshes using dimensional analysis method from flui

193 atively correlated with CH(4) emissions from salt marshes, but not seagrasses and mangroves.

194 es that create low-energy environments where salt marshes, oyster reefs, and mangroves can develop an

195 f the pyridinium with no need for additional salt metathesis reaction.

196 work, we present a facile method termed high-salt molecular rheotaxis (HiSMRT) to concentrate and rec

197 extremophile communities inhabiting halite (salt) nodules in the Atacama Desert.

198 Additionally, the monophosphate salt of 24 exhibits excellent in vivo antimalarial effic

199 by bis-carbonylation at C-3 of the magnesium salt of 6-bromoindole with triphosgene to afford the new

200 I was induced in animals and borax, a sodium salt of boron, was administered for 7 days, p.o., 21 day

201 epared by the direct reaction of the lithium salt of N-heterocyclic imine (NHI) with phenylchloro-2,6

202 ine (HAd) and thymine (HThy) led to hydrated salts of deprotonated adenine, [N(4444)][Ad].2H(2)O, and

203 id strategy, we report crystal structures of salts of free anionic nucleobases and base pairs previou

204 Although salts of such metals as vanadium, niobium, cerium, and m

205 the eluted polar compounds and split-off the salts of the bioassay medium in the first minutes.

206 by electrochemical reduction of a diazonium salt on glassy carbon and gold electrodes.

207 seful in predicting the nonuniform effect of salt on the viscosity of mab solutions.

208 opy shows the presence of [Ga(arene)(n) ](+) salts on oxidation of Ga metal with AgOTf in arene solve

209 In addition, we determine the effect of five salts on phenol partitioning by measuring the Setschenow

210 Exposure to high salt only increased water-holding of myofibrils and henc

211 yield in the presence of a primary ammonium salt or a carboxylic acid.

212 On the other hand, the pretreatment (raw, salting or dehydration) proved to have a low influence.

213 c solvent, and various solutions of volatile salts or acids can be used in the elution step.

214 ynthesized precursors such as NHC(H)[HCO(3)] salts or NHC-CO(2) adducts.

215 rmation of imine bonds, and the simultaneous salting-out effect (induced precipitation by decreasing

216 which is independent of alterations in bile salt output, biliary bile salt hydrophobicity, or increa

217 , and X-ray results did not show any sulfate salt peaks.

218 yered phases was detected to induce the rock-salt phase formation along the coherent TB.

219 solubility of common scalants and decreases salt precipitation rates.

220 ansport pathways in rocks from CO(2)-induced salt precipitation reduces injectivity and potentially c

221 ting, followed by decomposition of the metal salt precursors and nucleation/growth of multimetallic p

222 ith Zn(2+), which suggests the importance of salt-protein interactions as described by the Hofmeister

223 in vivo by causing structural damage due to salt recrystallization.

224 Randomized trials demonstrate that salt reduction lowers blood pressure in both individuals

225 6-step process informed by the UK sugar and salt reduction programs.

226 setup has significant flaws related to metal/salt reference electrodes: they are bulky and difficult

227 es reaching 234.9 +/- 8.1 kg m(-2) h(-1) and salt rejection of 99.7 +/- 0.2 %, outperforming existing

228 ve deionization have shown great promise for salt removal and nutrient recovery, but their effectiven

229 in addition to using the same feed salinity, salt removal, water recovery, and productivity across th

230 g membraneless compartments are analyzed for salt resistance, ability to provide a distinct internal

231 sion with brachydactyly clinically resembles salt-resistant essential hypertension and causes death b

232 r, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of salt responsive target genes related to top five selecte

233 d that they were better preserved in the dry-salted samples than the brined samples.

234 s, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a maj

235 SI-MS showed that the tested volatile eluent salts seem to follow the Hofmeister series: no denaturat

236 Therefore, during the salt selection process, the salt dissolution behavior sh

237 uld differentiate the salt tolerant from the salt sensitive genotypes.

238 al to sustain the world's caloric intake are salt sensitive.

239 f inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney in salt-sensitive hypertension.

240 ble path for biotechnological improvement of salt-sensitive Panicoid crops with analogous leaf struct

241 therapeutic settings, as well as in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat model.

242 Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet (8% NaCl)

243 Absorption spectra of cyanine((+)).Br((-)) salts show a remarkable solvent dependence in non/polar

244 ic measurements of single crystals of the MV salts show a semiconducting behavior with a remarkably h

245 Moreover, one of gold salts side effects (i.e., a blue discoloration of the sk

246 ed by in situ redox replace reaction in a Pd salt solution.

247 n in samples with high ionic strength, (e.g. salt solutions) and allow highly sensitive detection of

248 We now demonstrate that these organic salts, specifically azetidinium triflates, are suitable

249 elongatus UTEX 2973 to produce sucrose under salt stress conditions and investigated if the high effi

250 ze sucrose as an osmoprotectant to cope with salt stress environments.

251 fruticosa plants response to soil water and salt stress is essential for water irrigation management

252 agos tomatoes displayed greater tolerance to salt stress than the commercial lines and showed substan

253 Darkness and salt stress triggered BPM1 degradation, whereas elevated

254 plant cell wall is an important response to salt stress, but relatively little is known about the bi

255 membrane ionic permeability under prolonged salt stress.

256 ly proteins and was found to be sensitive to salt stress.

257 ting root system architecture in response to salt stress.

258 in Sorghum in response to drought, heat, and salt stress.

259 sunflower diversity panel under control and salt-stressed conditions and measured a suite of morphol

260 o required for optimal responses to cold and salt stresses.

261 - and cluster-adjusted model, the use of the salt substitute was associated with a 51% (95% CI (29%,

262 Here, we report molten-salt syntheses of NiO particles exposing a variety of cr

263 ing enzyme for the classical pathway of bile salt synthesis.

264 activation of GAD65(+) cells may generate a salt-taste sensation in the brain.

265 wall superheat of just 2.2 degrees C for the salt templated 3 wt% GNP draped 20 um diameter copper pa

266 ceedingly high wicking rates compared to non-salt-templated sintered coatings.

267 ability using a combination of ball milling, salt-templating, and sintering techniques.

268 The ammonium salt tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride is simply admixed wi

269 guishing basic taste qualities and different salts than other cells.

270 rs and the extensive presence of perchlorate salts that depress water's freezing point to ~-60 degree

271 In the presence of Lewis acid salts, the cyclic ether, dioxolane (DOL), is known to un

272 100% accessibility/availability, e.g. nickel salts this is even more important.

273 es in the MgOHCl concentration in carnallite salt through the carnallite's dehydration and purificati

274 However, possible conversion of salt to its original form of free acid or base-dispropor

275 To evaluate the genetic variation of salt tolerance among cotton species, 17 diverse accessio

276 factors BPC1/BPC2 positively regulate plant salt tolerance by repressing GALS1 expression and beta-1

277 nformation for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in tomato and other crops.

278 iated regulation of AtCYP94B1 is part of the salt tolerance mechanism.

279 ral variability exists in rice germplasm for salt tolerance traits.

280 tion of beta-1,4-galactan negatively affects salt tolerance.

281 cal and physiological traits associated with salt tolerance.

282 ry Gossypium gene pool to breed for improved salt tolerance.

283 tic, physiological, and biochemical bases of salt-tolerance mechanisms.

284 il and climate information and crop specific salt tolerances, the model quantifies the negative impli

285 frameshift mutations could differentiate the salt tolerant from the salt sensitive genotypes.

286 indings may help efforts aimed at generating salt-tolerant crops.

287 The development of salt-tolerant genotypes is pivotal for the effective uti

288 ophages and T cells in the kidney after DOCA/salt treatment.

289 However, the effect of salt-type differed based on cultivar.

290 MI was associated with more energy from the "salt, umami, and fat" cluster (beta: 0.22 E%; 95% CI: 0.

291 NTCP inhibition shifts bile salt uptake, which is generally more periportally restri

292 ynthesize large gold nanoparticles from gold salts using light irradiation.

293 nes and expanded its aerobic respiration and salt/UV resistance gene repertoire.

294 ities, linking the geophysical signatures to salt volume fraction through geophysical models, and (ii

295 ipid on the side of the bilayer to which the salt was exposed.

296 exposure of the canalicular membrane to bile salts was increased, allowing for more cholesterol and p

297 digestion processes using low and high bile salts was ~ 70% and ~ 90%, respectively.

298 ed channels, a chromophore (resorufin sodium salt) was successfully embedded into the channels of the

299 ochemical properties of traditional alkaline salts when used in solution as well as their functionali

300 d to either high salt (2 M KCl) only or high salt with lower pH to mimic conditions in freezing.