ライフサイエンスコーパス: sanitation

1 verage (referred to here as "newly-installed sanitation").

2 ould explain the limited impacts of improved sanitation.

3 till lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation.

4 lly in India, where many lack safe water and sanitation.

5 y intake, rapid urbanisation, and inadequate sanitation.

6 s related to poverty reduction and water and sanitation.

7 oductivity, food security, water supply, and sanitation.

8 in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation.

9 ashing agent in waterless urinals to improve sanitation.

10 ants and children born into poor hygiene and sanitation.

11 , and services and access to clean water and sanitation.

12 lopment and improvements in water supply and sanitation.

13 of poverty reduction, health, education, and sanitation.

14 SD/person/year), followed by container-based sanitation (10-17 USD/person/year), onsite sanitation (2

15 d sanitation (10-17 USD/person/year), onsite sanitation (2-14 USD/person/year), and mini-sewers conne

16 ents if they 1) had access to safe water and sanitation; 2) lived in households with finished floors,

17 -0.66 SD, 96% CI -0.82 to -0.50) with poorer sanitation (-28 percentage points, -32 to -24).

18 Sanitation acceptance is unlikely if user priorities are

19 ndomization to optimize balance in water and sanitation access across treatment arms at the start of

20 Sanitation access can provide positive externalities; fo

21 In this study, the level of sanitation access of surrounding households was more imp

22 itation coverage versus individual household sanitation access on child health and drinking water qua

23 tion and hygiene exposures, including shared sanitation access, as risk factors for moderate-to-sever

24 er interventions, such as improved water and sanitation access, modify risk would further our underst

25 er markets in areas with poor fertilizer and sanitation access.

26 affected by standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured qua

27 tion, and a lack of access to safe water and sanitation across populations.

28 ng scenarios: (1) Startup relying on partial sanitation aid, and (2) Self-sustaining without philanth

29 lation, overall 1990-2012 change in improved sanitation (all technologies), and per capita freshwater

30 Overall, 52 sanitation and 40 community priorities were identified;

31 t until long-term solutions such as improved sanitation and access to clean water become widely avail

32 sion indicated that households with improved sanitation and cement floors in the kitchen area had red

33 pact of other interventions such as improved sanitation and changes in HIV management cannot be disco

34 proved agricultural production, and improved sanitation and child care practices as drivers of stunti

35 households had access to improved water and sanitation and cleaner cooking fuels.

36 dia genes in the domestic environment in the sanitation and control arms.

37 fecal contamination to those with unimproved sanitation and dirt floors (Beta: -1.18 log10 E. coli CF

38 ditionally, survey and observational data on sanitation and domestic hygiene practices were collected

39 lopment and water-borne disease cases. While sanitation and economic development can improve public h

40 l for the improvement of worldwide access to sanitation and for the reduction of the environmental im

41 shop and what we buy, as well as ideas about sanitation and freshness.

42 abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global

43 in household air pollution (HAP) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), working in poor parts of

44 The objective of this study was to describe sanitation and hygiene access across the Global Enteric

45 Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity.

46 were used to explore the association between sanitation and hygiene exposures and MSD.

47 sites in Africa and South Asia and to assess sanitation and hygiene exposures, including shared sanit

48 tute, and new partners such as the WHO Water Sanitation and Hygiene Group, UNDP, and UN-Habitat, in o

49 Sanitation and hygiene interventions are estimated to ge

50 To examine the effects of poor sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of antimicrobia

51 , HIV, Nutrition, Family Planning, and Water Sanitation and Hygiene Program Strategy Teams (Bill and

52 k factors (e.g., education status, household sanitation and hygiene, and urban or rural residence) in

53 and not found between diarrheal disease and sanitation and hygiene.

54 -risk populations and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene.

55 raints, opportunities, and trade-offs around sanitation and resource recovery.

56 larly in settings where people lack improved sanitation and safe drinking water.

57 and other waterborne infections, the role of sanitation and socioeconomic factors on the spatial vari

58 rvoirs, we performed extensive remodeling of sanitation and water installations as the focus of our h

59 ies that lack the infrastructure to maintain sanitation and where inadequate diagnostic methods have

60 Further efforts in the health, water and sanitation, and agriculture sectors will support continu

61 settings-such as water supply and treatment, sanitation, and cleaner household energy services-have h

62 antibiotic use, cigarette smoking, levels of sanitation, and diet in the pathogenesis of IBD.

63 the agriculture sector, health care access, sanitation, and education.

64 icipants' socioeconomic status and clinical, sanitation, and food history were recorded.

65 ional studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are st

66 These substudies included 4 groups: water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH); nutrition (N), includ

67 Integration of improved water quality, sanitation, and handwashing could contribute to sustaina

68 Unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing, unsafe sex, and malnutritio

69 non-communicable diseases (n=8), and water, sanitation, and hygiene (n=6).

70 dent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and improved infant and y

71 We assessed the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infant and young chil

72 's (WHO) 2015-2020 Global Strategy on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and neglected tropical di

73 ousehold air pollution (HAP) and poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions.

74 We sought to develop a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention to minimize

75 magnitude of the protective effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions without pre

76 Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) may contribute to reduced

77 smitted helminths (STHs) suggest that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) might reduce their transm

78 ung child feeding (IYCF) and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on child linear growth an

79 dent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and improved infant and

80 managed animal feces transmitted via water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related pathways in low-

81 ed education, and increased access to water, sanitation, and hygiene as drivers of stunting reduction

82 d households were evaluated for their water, sanitation, and hygiene characteristics.

83 Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions are the primary route

84 also impact antimicrobial resistance, water, sanitation, and hygiene improvement is highly recommende

85 from randomized controlled trials of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have raised questi

86 a and if ingestion decreased with the water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions implemented in the

87 coli ingestion were unchanged by the water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions.

88 surveys to collect information about water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in rural India.

89 ess to safe drinking water, properly managed sanitation, and hygiene practices.

90 Despite improvements in water quality, sanitation, and hygiene, as well as in the clinical trea

91 healthy behaviours mainly related to water, sanitation, and hygiene.

92 translational potential for modulating diet, sanitation, and microbiota composition during antibiotic

93 edictors of severe anemia were malaria, poor sanitation, and underweight.

94 tions with unsafe water and lack of adequate sanitation, and unsafe foods-all reasons for the disease

95 nation, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce en

96 revalences of malaria, HIV, schistosomiasis, sanitation, and water-quality indicators.

97 Sanitation approaches for these settings remain understu

98 pur in Bangladesh and compared three to five sanitation approaches in each city.

99 icipal infrastructure varied greatly between sanitation approaches.

100 ith the poorest access to improved water and sanitation are not the same as districts with the greate

101 g locations with limited access to water and sanitation are projected to avert 273,939 (95% CI 270,31

102 FGR and unimproved sanitation are the leading risk factors for stunting in

103 ecal marker was lower on mother hands in the sanitation arm in adjusted models, but these association

104 117 in the water treatment arm, 1,160 in the sanitation arm, 1,141 in the handwashing arm, 1,064 in t

105 . coli genes on child hands was lower in the sanitation arm.

106 in parallel with this study) re-envisioning sanitation as a human-derived resource system, here we c

107 This framework offers a shared vision for sanitation as a human-derived resource system, where peo

108 splaced persons are unable to pay (water and sanitation as human rights).

109 tually expected to pay for access (water and sanitation as infrastructure services).

110 Fund (UNICEF) system that categorizes shared sanitation as unimproved.

111 pact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns

112 The importance of maternal sanitation behaviour during pregnancy for birth outcomes

113 A comparison with current national water and sanitation budgets showed that the cost of implementing

114 ountries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a challenge in devel

115 Development Goal seeks to achieve universal sanitation, but a lack of progress due to inhibiting fac

116 e cover is similar to the effect of improved sanitation, but smaller than the effect of improved wate

117 call for universal access to safely managed sanitation by 2030.

118 structural quality and cleanliness of shared sanitation by targeting landlords with a scalable, theor

119 llages that had participated in the National Sanitation Campaign and those that had not.

120 s work was to determine if resource recovery sanitation can be a profitable business model in a speci

121 Container-based sanitation (CBS) within a comprehensive service system v

122 NLs) as an addition to a community-led total sanitation (CLTS) intervention in Ghana.

123 Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a participatory approach to address

124 Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is an approach to improving sanitation

125 pathogenic microbes, such as antibiotics and sanitation, combined with other factors such as processe

126 morbidity in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions that enable fecal contamination of

127 ed incidence has paralleled changes in diet, sanitation conditions, and lifestyle habits.

128 l education, household socioeconomic status, sanitation conditions, maternal health services access,

129 Poor sanitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in the

130 Environmental and sanitation control strategies may be different for iNTS

131 ource recovery may generate income to offset sanitation costs while also enhancing agriculture throug

132 Interventions that focus on water and sanitation, coupled with hygiene behaviour, should be em

133 Overcoming barriers to universal sanitation coverage and sustainable resource management

134 o low to achieve national goals for improved sanitation coverage through fully commercial distributio

135 Sufficient consumer demand is required for sanitation coverage to expand through private provision.

136 estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomizatio

137 s study investigated the effect of community sanitation coverage versus individual household sanitati

138 afely managed systems (Target 6.2: universal sanitation coverage) and those connected to sewers witho

139 emography, water access, and community-level sanitation coverage.

140 s disagreement on what policies can increase sanitation coverage.

141 contamination in settings with high on-site sanitation coverage; (2) determine how domestic animals

142 ating soil suitability into local and global sanitation decision-making.

143 ificantly reduced, potentially influenced by sanitation development (1990-2017, 2.63 +/- 0.01%/year).

144 for observed changes in groundwater quality, sanitation development and water-borne disease cases. Wh

145 Classic water safety and access to sanitation development remain powerful tools for the con

146 However, in recent past, sanitation development to achieve Sustainable Developmen

147 racterize the potential health benefits from sanitation externalities.

148 the relation between access to, and use of, sanitation facilities and water treatment and infection

149 Availability and use of sanitation facilities and water treatment is associated

150 ed at increasing access to private household sanitation facilities may reduce the burden of MSD in ch

151 These findings suggest that the sanitation facilities of a home may impact the microbial

152 the individual level about access or use of sanitation facilities or water treatment, in combination

153 The availability or use of sanitation facilities was associated with significantly

154 wealth: in the poorest quintile, households' sanitation facilities were almost 170 times more likely

155 Sharing sanitation facilities with 1-2 or >/=3 other households

156 racteristics (ie, type of drinking water and sanitation facilities).

157 aternal education, access to piped water and sanitation facilities, and poverty reduction.

158 ves, household water treatment, and improved sanitation facilities, have great potential to yield red

159 surveys) were used to classify households by sanitation facility (facilities needing FSM, sewered fac

160 t whether the number of households sharing a sanitation facility affects a child's risk of diarrhea.

161 Drinking water source and sanitation facility alone were not associated with diarr

162 useholds that did not versus did share their sanitation facility also had less contaminated kitchen f

163 people worldwide lack access to an improved sanitation facility that adequately retains or treats fe

164 This study suggests that sharing a sanitation facility with just one to two other household

165 district in terms of fuel used for cooking, sanitation facility, drinking water source, and parental

166 which includes inadequate drinking water and sanitation facility, is associated with health outcomes

167 useholds at six sites (>93%) had access to a sanitation facility, while 70% of households in rural Ke

168 sitive interventions, including clean water, sanitation, family planning, girls' education, and socia

169 de empirical research, offering insight into sanitation for informal settlements and more sustainable

170 elopment Goals (SDGs) recognize that current sanitation gaps must be closed to better serve those wit

171 We evaluated the impact of low-cost water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interv

172 We hypothesized that a water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH), and nutritional intervent

173 We hypothesized that drinking water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH), and nutritional intervent

174 Improving water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition could be more sus

175 We evaluated the effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on

176 gnant women into individual water treatment, sanitation, handwashing, nutrition, combined WSH, combin

177 to collect a comprehensive dataset on water, sanitation, health, and living conditions in these uninc

178 eloping countries because of a lack of basic sanitation, healthcare clinics, and centralized laborato

179 lopment (ECD) among children enrolled in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

180 ssion among children aged 0-18 months in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

181 ) interventions on enteric infections in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

182 l design and randomized interventions of the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy trial in Zi

183 d may include various activities like water, sanitation, hygiene measures.

184 Improvements in water supply, sanitation, hygiene, and food safety are critical for ro

185 GI sites under conditions driven by improved sanitation/hygiene and reduced fecal-oral transmission;

186 e critical and synergistic role of water and sanitation improvements in concert with vaccine introduc

187 Poor sanitation in peri-urban areas is a growing public healt

188 udies have investigated the effectiveness of sanitation in rural LMICs in reducing pathogens in the e

189 nancial requirements for achieving universal sanitation in the next 10 years and their breakdown betw

190 questions and social dynamics for water and sanitation in unincorporated communities elsewhere.

191 water sources may be degraded by inadequate sanitation infrastructure and other uncontrolled wastewa

192 public health concern in communities lacking sanitation infrastructure to separate sewage from drinki

193 , reduced rates of open defecation, improved sanitation infrastructure, and improved access to key ma

194 countries has intensified the need to expand sanitation infrastructure, especially in informal settle

195 We collected detailed cost data on the sanitation infrastructure, products, and services from 7

196 ith under-resourced utilities and inadequate sanitation infrastructure-can exacerbate mechanisms caus

197 3) insufficient drinking water, drainage and sanitation infrastructure.

198 h initiation of acceletated constructions of sanitation infrastructures through Clean India (Swachh B

199 In this study, we measured the impact of a sanitation intervention (dual-pit latrines, sani-scoops,

200 te routine immunization and other health and sanitation interventions related to maternal and childre

201 These results establish motivation for sanitation interventions that directly address child fec

202 Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from t

203 on in low- and middle-income countries after sanitation interventions.

204 FSM strategies must be included in future sanitation investment to achieve safe management of feca

205 egies for deriving the greatest benefit from sanitation investments while also identifying overarchin

206 Improving access to sanitation is a global public health priority.

207 first evidence, to our knowledge, that poor sanitation is associated with a higher risk of APOs.

208 Although global access to sanitation is increasing, safe management of fecal waste

209 Sanitation is one way to reduce the spread of enteric pa

210 ation technology as a household moves up the sanitation ladder with the added function of resource re

211 As households move up the sanitation ladder, health risks presumably decline but t

212 a rapidly evolving emergency situation, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, and lack of acce

213 disease prevention and treatment, water and sanitation, maternal and child health, basic education a

214 regarding chlorination of drinking water and sanitation measures in Hyderabad.

215 utions to the survival of the human species: sanitation, nutrition, vaccines, and antimicrobial agent

216 To assess the impact of sanitation of a living environment on gut microbiota and

217 service system value chain offers a low-cost sanitation option with potential for revenue generation

218 rates for communities with inadequate water, sanitation, or hygiene facilities including those with i

219 poor nutrient intake and poor water quality, sanitation, or hygiene.

220 needing FSM, sewered facilities, ecological sanitation/other, or no facilities).

221 urther applications of our methods can guide sanitation planning in other cities.

222 Access to sanitation, population density, forest cover and routine

223 f the bacteria, behavioral changes, adequate sanitation, population screening and diagnosis using mul

224 d the arms with the individual interventions sanitation (PR: 0.89 [95% CI 0.73, 1.08], p = 0.228), ha

225 t caste and poverty are associated with poor sanitation practice driving APOs, and we cannot rule out

226 lts demonstrate that the association of poor sanitation practices (open defecation) with these outcom

227 his study aimed to assess how floor type and sanitation practices impacted the concentration of fecal

228 because there were no significant changes in sanitation practices or latrine upgrades where baseline

229 such as clean-water use and good hygiene and sanitation practices.

230 proving household water storage, access, and sanitation practices.

231 These results are promising for sanitation practitioners and regulators among others.

232 Community-led sanitation programs could be key to ensuring healthy hou

233 illages with low exposure to prior water and sanitation projects, and may be most effective in social

234 n protection while improvements to water and sanitation promote long-term cholera elimination.

235 for a supporting rather than leading role in sanitation promotion because they did demonstrate abilit

236 eries of group meetings designed to motivate sanitation quality improvement as a way to build wealth

237 Sanitation remains a global challenge, both in terms of

238 he world without adequate infrastructure and sanitation resources.

239 unities that have limited access to improved sanitation, safe water sources, and optimal medical care

240 ere we characterize existing and alternative sanitation scenarios in an informal settlement in Kampal

241 n but may increase microbial health risks to sanitation service workers.

242 ate the effectiveness of measures to protect sanitation service workers.

243 also varied according to household access to sanitation services (P = .027), whereas that of exposure

244 en made to improve access to clean water and sanitation services in the country, there is still a sig

245 thout rapid progress in developing water and sanitation services or dramatic increases in OCV supply,

246 on is typically willing to provide water and sanitation services to displaced persons for a set perio

247 Providing safe and reliable sanitation services to the billions of people currently

248 hance the ability of systems to provide safe sanitation services, especially in resource-limited cont

249 the total population without at least basic sanitation services, in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries

250 pecially if combined with improved water and sanitation services, strengthened surveillance systems,

251 We observe similar adverse effects in sanitation, shelter, and health care access (including i

252 research makes a case to support innovative sanitation strategies and the development and financial

253 of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construct

254 sing (with improved drinking water, improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and finished buildin

255 Clarifying and improving sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks could in

256 Diverse and numerous sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks have bee

257 A subset of existing sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks was revi

258 ll, the evaluated frameworks did not share a sanitation sustainability definition or core set of esse

259 on, there is a need to better understand how sanitation sustainability is defined and measured and th

260 while new frameworks are developed and high sanitation system failure rates persist.

261 We distinguish impacts from newly installed sanitation systems (to achieve universal coverage), newl

262 to identify priorities and measure how well sanitation systems address them, based upon their import

263 However, sanitation systems are commonly implemented, especially

264 Recovering human-derived nutrients from sanitation systems can offset inorganic fertilizer use a

265 lth concerns, implementing resource recovery sanitation systems could simultaneously improve the avai

266 s protocol was applied to 20 community-based sanitation systems in India.

267 ate multiple successful and failed community sanitation systems in India.

268 toilets, and we demonstrate that alternative sanitation systems may offer multidimensional improvemen

269 Existing sanitation systems poorly addressed priorities.

270 ocal recovery potential of each product from sanitation systems that will need to be installed to ach

271 Understanding sanitation systems' abilities to address different prior

272 and electricity use through newly installed sanitation systems.

273 ically reduce monitoring costs for OST-based sanitation systems.

274 Through sanitation technologies and management strategies, resou

275 ay be useful in developing new antimicrobial sanitation technologies for food and pharmaceutical indu

276 Low uptake and use of new sanitation technologies in a number of settings has unde

277 culturally aligned training for more complex sanitation technologies that enable resource recovery.

278 Non-networked sanitation technologies use no sewer, water or electrici

279 In adoption decisions for decentralized sanitation technologies, two decision makers are involve

280 a household's decision to adopt and use new sanitation technologies.

281 ts about attitudes toward sanitation use and sanitation technologies.

282 tivation and may lead to new developments in sanitation technology and treatment of fecal sludge.

283 es the functional transition toward improved sanitation technology as a household moves up the sanita

284 ts have broad implications for understanding sanitation technology transitions in rural and indigenou

285 anitation to identify guiding principles for sanitation that advance sustainable development at the n

286 e sustainable development goal around global sanitation, there is a need to better understand how san

287 anitation (CLTS) is an approach to improving sanitation to combat open defecation (OD).

288 se will guide interdisciplinary study around sanitation to identify guiding principles for sanitation

289 g from changes in fertility rates, water and sanitation, undernutrition, and coverage of indicators o

290 nvironmental health, economic viability, and sanitation use and acceptance.

291 e/disagree statements about attitudes toward sanitation use and sanitation technologies.

292 Water and sanitation utilities across Europe have recently been ch

293 ing and quarantine) and mitigation (hygiene, sanitation, ventilation, and social distancing) practice

294 control groups of the three trials, baseline sanitation was a strong risk factor for stunting in the

295 treatment of drinking water, and unimproved sanitation were associated with Campylobacter jejuni/col

296 ammation, low socioeconomic status, and poor sanitation were each associated with anemia in >50% of s

297 sks factors, such as undernutrition and poor sanitation, which were mainly associated with maternal a

298 od candidate for incentivizing decentralized sanitation while the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority

299 e attributable to it, followed by unimproved sanitation, with 7.2 million (95% CI 6.3 million-8.2 mil

300 has focused primarily on improved water and sanitation, with the available vaccines unsuitable for c