ライフサイエンスコーパス: second messenger

1 es and is a highly potent calcium-mobilising second messenger.

2 volves Gq/11 and is mediated by a diffusible second messenger.

3 ly to eukaryotic G-proteins, using dUTP as a second messenger.

4 signaling pathways by directly targeting the second messenger.

5 nthesize the alarmone (p)ppGpp, a nucleotide second messenger.

6 ng in the synthesis of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers.

7 bited enzyme that is reversibly activated by second messengers.

8 etries govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of second messengers.

9 stasis and virulence by acting as nucleotide second messengers.

10 brane constituent and precursor of important second messengers.

11 l-to-cell diffusion of ions, metabolites and second messengers.

12 L2), a transfer protein for phosphoinositide second messengers.

13 physiological and pathological conditions as second messengers.

14 y stimuli that induce cell-wide increases in second messengers.

15 e signaling of these important intracellular second messengers.

16 TIPE proteins are carriers of lipid second messengers.

17 S) and production of the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)(1-4).

18 nd biochemistry, we report that the metazoan second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP induces closing of the human

19 encode poxin enzymes that degrade the immune second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP to inhibit cGAS-STING immuni

20 erase genes (PDE1C and PDE4B), FTO augmented second messenger 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (

21 yl cyclase (sGC)-dependent production of the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c

22 by binding of a novel tetrameric form of the second messenger, 3-5 cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP)

23 Ca(2+) is the best known ion that acts as a second messenger(9), yet the role ascribed to Na(+) is t

24 hance signaling through canonical downstream second messengers, a phenomenon we term "GPCR priming."

25 angiotensin II-mediated G-protein-associated second messenger accumulation, AT1R receptor phosphoryla

26 led to speculation about whether a different second messenger acutely controls their function.

27 or receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a second messenger adaptor protein that plays an essential

28 hat increases in intracellular levels of the second messenger, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and the

29 Compartmentalized oscillations of second messengers affect global cellular signaling.

30 In all domains of life, nucleotide-based second messengers allow a rapid integration of external

31 g formation of more stable intermediates and second messengers allow for new strategies for safe and

32 understanding of how cellular processes and second messengers alter TMEM16A channel gating.

33 The liberated copper(I) ion acts as a second messenger and changes the toggling state at nanos

34 Although calcium is a known potent second messenger and master regulator of wound-healing p

35 ays an important role physiologically as the second messenger and pathologically as an inducer of oxi

36 aryotic cells, including well-known roles as second messengers and cofactors that help regulate diver

37 temporal sensitivity by coupling to distinct second messengers and directing either synaptic depressi

38 cores the selection of ribose nucleotides as second messengers and finds its roots in the old RNA wor

39 re immune sensors that synthesize nucleotide second messengers and initiate antiviral responses in ba

40 We created SiRIs for indicators of second messengers and kinases and used them, in hippocam

41 , such as voltage-sensitivity, modulation by second messengers and specific kinetics, make this prote

42 serving as a substrate for the generation of second messengers and the remodeling of actin cytoskelet

43 is general perception, concepts such as the "second messenger" and the "phosphorylation cascade" domi

44 ause it is a phospholipid precursor, a lipid second messenger, and a modulator of membrane shape, and

45 roids, and was affected by known inhibitors, second messengers, and bacterial enterotoxins.

46 onstitutively phosphorylated, insensitive to second messengers, and have relatively low activity.

47 n channels, steroids, immunological factors, second messengers, and prostaglandins.

48 sociation is disrupted by the binding of the second messenger Ap4A to HINT1.

49 erols, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipid second messengers are also summarized in the context of

50 Increasingly, cyclic nucleotide second messengers are implicated in antiviral defense sy

51 Cyclic nucleotide second messengers are increasingly implicated in prokary

52 These second messengers are recognized by ancillary Cas protei

53 2+) and cAMP and demonstrate that astrocytic second messengers are regulated in a temporally distinct

54 Nucleotide second messengers are small, specialized molecules forme

55 ween family members using cell culture-based second messenger assays.

56 We used ligand binding and second-messenger assays to show that BMS-986187 is an ef

57 mbrane potential by providing Ca(2+) ions as second messengers at sufficiently high concentrations to

58 ible that reliance on a single intracellular second-messenger-based system, coupled with the requirem

59 the cellular concentration of the bacterial second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine mo

60 Recent reports suggested the bacterial second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine mo

61 The second messenger bis-3,5-cyclic di-guanosine monophospha

62 ation that phospholipids could also serve as second messengers brought new interest to the field.

63 adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an ancient second messenger but organizing signaling selectivity on

64 induced local generation of phosphoinositide second messengers, but inhibit global activation of the

65 te cyclase DisA to synthesize the nucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP, but the mechanism for termina

66 The second messenger c-di-GMP (or cyclic diguanylate) regula

67 ellar activity in response to binding of the second messenger c-di-GMP to a C-terminal extension.

68 e corresponding increase in the level of the second messenger c-di-GMP.

69 ed process orchestrated by the intracellular second-messenger c-di-GMP.

70 Second messengers, c-di-GMP and (p)ppGpp, are vital regu

71 gical order and describe the role of two key second messengers, c-di-GMP and cAMP, in this process.

72 he plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the second messenger Ca(2+) are central in such processes, a

73 It is unclear how the pleiotropic second messenger Ca(2+) drives excitation-contraction co

74 nse and translate cytosolic elevation of the second messenger Ca(2+) into specific phosphorylation ev

75 trafficking can be tightly regulated by the second messenger Ca(2+), allowing membrane protein trans

76 se) to generate a cyclic triadenylate (cAAA) second messenger; cAAA in turn activates an endonuclease

77 The second messenger calcium plays a key role in conveying s

78 PDE10A is a key enzyme in the catabolism of second messenger cAMP and cGMP, whose synthesis is stimu

79 The vasodilator-induced second messenger cAMP can relax vascular smooth muscle v

80 bcellular compartmentation of the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP has been widely proposed as a mech

81 The second messenger cAMP is an important determinant of syn

82 vert intra- and extracellular stimuli into a second messenger cAMP signal.

83 intracellular application of IBMX or of the second messenger cAMP via the patch pipette had no effec

84 the corticostriatal synapses depends on the second messenger cAMP, whose synthesis is catalysed by t

85 ggers the activation of Galphai and inhibits second messengers (cAMP).

86 nd IBMX can elicit through the intracellular second messenger, cAMP, a better mechanistic understandi

87 pecific optogenetic modulation of downstream second messenger cascades (PI3K, AKT, and AC3) commonly

88 nanoclustering might be under the control of second messenger cascades.

89 els, intracellular Ca(2+) signals, and other second-messenger cascades.

90 d sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and generate the second messenger ceramide at plasma membranes, triggerin

91 which produces the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) second messenger cGAMP to activate the signaling adaptor

92 cer cells use these channels to transfer the second messenger cGAMP to astrocytes, activating the STI

93 becomes enzymatically active to generate the second messenger cGAMP, leading to activation of inflamm

94 e immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STIN

95 zed by the DNA sensor cGAS and generated the second messenger cGAMP, which suppressed endothelial cel

96 (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger cGAMP.

97 ts both foreign and host DNA and generates a second-messenger cGAMP, which in turn binds and activate

98 Because the second messenger cGMP exerts a central role in LTP mecha

99 ascade; (2) a faster rate of turnover of the second messenger cGMP in darkness; and (3) an accelerate

100 verts guanosine triphosphate to an important second messenger cGMP.

101 hepatocytes requires signalling through two second-messengers - cGMP mediated by the parasite's cGMP

102 Frequently neuromodulators act via second messengers, consequently their effects can persis

103 Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are second messengers conserved across all three domains of

104 ers are c-di-AMP targets indicates that this second messenger controls potassium homeostasis in B. su

105 osphate (c-di-AMP) is a conserved nucleotide second messenger critical for bacterial growth and resis

106 Cellular levels of the versatile second messenger cyclic (c)AMP are regulated by the anta

107 enzyme that produces the calcium-mobilizing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), CD157, a sis

108 ls through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR).

109 Here, we report that the ubiquitous second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an activator of th

110 RATIONALE: Although the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is physiologically be

111 The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-3',5'-guanosine monophosphate

112 The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as

113 ple types of bacteria employ the prokaryotic second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to coordinate

114 ace contact to cell-cycle initiation via the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP).

115 re, we outline how the universal eubacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP impacts the production of

116 Many bacteria and some archaea produce the second messenger cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-

117 The essential bacterial second messenger cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-

118 The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates

119 NG activation was dependent on the bacterial second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP.

120 in V. cholerae is regulated by the bacterial second messenger cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate

121 GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP).

122 lting in a non-competitive inhibition of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP production.

123 ncodes a phosphodiesterase that degrades the second messenger cyclic-di-AMP, and xdrA, the gene for a

124 The bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP is a widespread, prominen

125 ded to the analysis of both a small molecule second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP),

126 , raffinose reduced the concentration of the second messenger, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), by incr

127 mune responses through the production of the second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds an

128 atic activity, leading to the synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosi

129 duction required intracellular signaling via second messengers-cytosolic calcium, reactive oxygen spe

130 ecruitment to membranes containing the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and subsequent pho

131 he C1 domain, the binding site for the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and the phorbol es

132 in that they are not regulated by the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol, which has led to specul

133 pase C (PLC) activation, which generates the second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and IP3 and ultim

134 osphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and 1,4,5-inositol tris

135 cle docking and fusion and generation of the second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-tri

136 ed the ambit of inflammatory responses via a second messenger different from that used by stimuli tha

137 e (NAADP), the most potent Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger discovered to date, has been implicated

138 However, activation of second messengers downstream of PKCepsilon, such as the

139 Gaseous second messengers establish a functional ellipsoid body

140 2'3'-cGAMP acts as a second messenger for STING activation and triggers TBK1/

141 s andDrosophilaby divalent cations that have second messenger functions may reflect the physiological

142 her than free-radical species, perform major second messenger functions.

143 w that Csm6 proteins are activated through a second messenger generated by the type III interference

144 Second messengers generated by Fcgamma receptors activat

145 enhanced phospho-activation of TCR kinases, second-messenger generation, and JAK/STAT or NFAT transc

146 as accompanied by decreased synthesis of the second messenger guanosine tetraphosphate and limited in

147 Intriguingly, the second messenger, guanosine-tetraphosphate (ppGpp), whic

148 of plant development, and Ca2+, a universal second messenger, have been proposed to modulate develop

149 e 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is a recognized second messenger; however, knowledge of cAMP involvement

150 molecular mechanisms by which this essential second messenger impacts bacterial physiology and adapta

151 Ca(2+) is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for n

152 yclic diadenylate (c-di-AMP) is a widespread second messenger in bacteria and archaea that is involve

153 i-AMP (c-di-AMP) is the only known essential second messenger in bacteria.

154 c di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a recently discovered second messenger in bacteria.

155 Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is an emerging second messenger in bacteria.

156 cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate, a key second messenger in cell signaling and tissue homeostasi

157 Calcium is an essential second messenger in endothelial cells and plays a pivota

158 es generate ceramide from sphingomyelin as a second messenger in intracellular signaling pathways inv

159 Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an important second messenger in lymphocytes and is essential in regu

160 cAMP acts as a second messenger in many cellular processes.

161 Calcium is a critical second messenger in neurons that contributes to learning

162 Cyclic-GMP is a second messenger in phototransduction, a G-protein signa

163 e activity, resulting in the production of a second messenger in the absence of an agonist; and natur

164 functions widely as a transmitter/diffusible second messenger in the central nervous system, exerting

165 al roles as a neurotransmitter or diffusible second messenger in the developing and adult CNS.

166 The generated cA(n) second messenger in turn targets the CARF domain of tran

167 Ca(2+) ions are key second messengers in both excitable and non-excitable ce

168 Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) are critical second messengers in cells for integrating environmental

169 microbial species and appear to function as second messengers in pathways that protect cells from me

170 ive oxygen species (ROS) serve as one of the second messengers in plant responses to hyperosmotic str

171 ation, protein degradation, drug action, and second messengers in real time.

172 ase synthesizes cyclic di- or tri-nucleotide second messengers in response to infection, and these mo

173 stems synthesise cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infection of bact

174 Cyclic dinucleotides are second messengers in the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-

175 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers in various signaling pathways, and abn

176 oxygen species (ROS) have critical roles as "second messengers" in cell signaling.

177 well-characterized function as an endogenous second messenger inducing type I interferons in the cyto

178 A producing the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP, a second messenger initiating cytokine production in subse

179 On the other hand, the induction of the second messenger inositol trisphosphate and the mobiliza

180 at couple to phospholipase C to generate the second messenger inositol trisphosphate often evokes rep

181 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacy

182 PhyAmm) in complex with the known eukaryotic second messengers Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and Ins(1,4,5)P3 Both e

183 he structure of c-di-GMP-complexed FleQ, the second messenger interacts with the AAA+ ATPase domain a

184 ndothelial communication define the specific second messenger involved in exacerbating proinflammator

185 cteria and show that precise control of this second messenger is essential for ion balance and coordi

186 In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for viability on rich medi

187 The universal cyclic-di-GMP second messenger is instrumental in the switch from a mo

188 erential intercellular diffusion of specific second messengers is unclear.

189 ated whether beta-arrestins are able to bind second messenger kinase-phosphorylated, but inactive rec

190 Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is the only second messenger known to be essential for bacterial gro

191 ted in response to afterdischarge-associated second messengers, may prompt the firing necessary for h

192 that increases in cAMP, a critical cellular "second messenger," may be linked to changes in cellular

193 nd priming induced by LDM share receptor and second messenger mechanisms in common, action at TLR4 an

194 lated conversion of cytosolic ATP to the key second messenger molecule cAMP.

195 The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is fo

196 zes the production of cyclic AMP, which is a second messenger molecule involved in cell signaling and

197 cium ions (Ca(2+)), ubiquitous signaling and second messenger molecules, are communicators for the tr

198 a inositol phosphates, in particular via the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and p

199 ay in which FcgammaR activation recruits the second messenger NAADP and thereby promotes the opening

200 Targeting a second-messenger network is challenging because the syst

201 The second messenger nucleotide ppGpp dramatically alters ge

202 vity that is finely tuned to cA4 levels as a second messenger of infection.

203 These data suggest that the pH is a second messenger of the glucose-sensing pathways.

204 biosensor technologies, as well as canonical second-messenger or biochemical assays.

205 - and protein-binding proteins in regulating second messenger outputs.

206 as do the interactions between the distinct second messenger pathways.

207 1 is also thought to mediate delivery of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosph

208 y known: (i) binding of the phosphoinositide second messenger PIP3, (ii) binding of the Gbetagamma su

209 way connected to the production of the lipid second messenger PIP3/PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (phosphatidylinosi

210 1 and PREX2 GEF activity is activated by the second messengers PIP3 and Gbetagamma, and further regul

211 gesia induced by activation of intracellular second messengers, PKA and PKCepsilon, indicating that H

212 Some of the signaling pathways and second messengers potentially involved in the response t

213 (2020) show that binding of the second messenger ppGpp to inosine-guanosine kinase (Gsk)

214 tic intermediate and a multifunctional lipid second messenger produced at several discrete subcellula

215 hat degrades cA(4), a cyclic oligo-adenylate second messenger produced during the type III CRISPR imm

216 2',5'/3',5'-cGMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger produced in response to cytosolic dsDNA

217 in leucine-rich repeat recognition activity, second messenger production and protein kinase cascades.

218 tegrated roles of CL and iPLA2gamma in lipid second-messenger production and mitochondrial bioenerget

219 ng of NucC trimers to a cyclic tri-adenylate second messenger promotes assembly of a NucC homohexamer

220 Ca(2+), a broad intracellular second messenger, promotes both Rac1 activation and neur

221 VED CARF family proteins as major nucleotide second messenger receptors in CBASS and CRISPR immune de

222 Calcium, the most versatile second messenger, regulates essential biology including

223 cAMP is a universal second messenger regulating a plethora of processes in t

224 C-di-GMP is a bacterial second messenger regulating various cellular functions.

225 e-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as

226 is work relates the guanine nucleotide-based second messenger regulatory network with the bacterial P

227 specificity, localization, and regulation by second messengers rely on more than a dozen regulatory s

228 and responds to electrophiles or cytoplasmic second messengers remain unknown.

229 The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regu

230 Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an essential second messenger required for diverse signaling processe

231 heterotrimeric G proteins and generation of second messenger response.

232 ) focuses and insulates termination of local second messenger responses.

233 cAMP is a ubiquitous second messenger responsible for the cellular effects of

234 in disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT cAMP is a second messenger responsible for the regulation of diver

235 AKAP79/150 is essential for coordinating second messenger-responsive enzymes in processes includi

236 acid (PA), which has been proposed to play a second messenger role in immunity.

237 ating bacterial quorum-sensing signaling and second messenger signal transduction.

238 Compartmental second messenger signaling and interendothelial communic

239 ciated role as a molecular interface between second messenger signaling and local protein synthesis m

240 fu) are regulated by target RNA features and second messenger signaling events.

241 n interaction, with consequent modulation of second messenger signaling for cognate interactions.

242 mbrane receptors initiates compartmentalized second messenger signaling.

243 P concentration and converts them into lipid second messenger signaling.

244 ess, TRs also rapidly activate intracellular second-messenger signaling pathways independently of gen

245 e, CNO-independent excitatory and inhibitory second-messenger signaling was also altered in these mic

246 ependent changes in ion channel activity and second-messenger signaling.

247 Unlike other second messengers, sites of PA biosynthesis cannot be ac

248 by sb4 increased the phosphorylation of key second messengers (SMAD-1/5/9) and also increased expres

249 mediator TGF-beta remained the same and the second messenger, Smad2/3, accumulated in the nucleus.

250 gnition of at least 180 potential nucleotide second messenger species.

251 AMP) and its dynamic interactions with other second messengers such as calcium are critical features

252 egration among multiple pathways, relying on second messengers such as calcium ions.

253 ponds to changing environments by the use of second messengers such as cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP).

254 cific cellular responses by using only a few second messengers, such as cAMP.

255 (cADPR) is a Ca(2+)-mobilizing intracellular second messenger synthesized from NAD by ADP-ribosyl cyc

256 nucleases activated by cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers synthesized by these systems' effector

257 and analyze how the guanine nucleotide-based second messenger system responds to certain environmenta

258 ductive-related hypothalamic physiology, via second messenger systems with dopamine-induced cell sign

259 neuronal activity through G protein-coupled second-messenger systems and RUFY3 is implicated in the

260 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the antiviral stimulator

261 the synthesis of cGAMP, which functions as a second messenger that binds and activates the adaptor pr

262 cGAMP functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates stimulator

263 to cyclic di-GMP, an intracellular bacterial second messenger that controls cellular motility and bio

264 ic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that controls diverse functions in bact

265 (c-di-AMP) is a broadly conserved bacterial second messenger that has been implicated in a wide rang

266 di-GMP) is a broadly conserved intracellular second messenger that influences different bacterial pro

267 Cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) is a ubiquitous second messenger that influences numerous aspects of cel

268 eotide ppGpp ('magic spot') is a pleiotropic second messenger that mediates the response to nutrient

269 Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that modulates multiple responses to en

270 yclases that produce cyclic di-GMP (cdiG), a second messenger that modulates the key bacterial lifest

271 cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascu

272 cAMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates cellular proliferation,

273 Here we show that Na(+) acts as a second messenger that regulates OXPHOS function and the

274 Calcium ion (Ca(2+)) is a versatile second messenger that regulates various cellular and phy

275 iar control reflects on c-di-GMP being a key second messenger that silences energy-costing systems du

276 ',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that stimulates matrix production, in r

277 PR-Cas systems produce cyclic-oligoadenylate second messengers that activate downstream effectors, in

278 s a mitochondrial enzyme that produces lipid second messengers that facilitate opening of the mitocho

279 in response to cell stimuli, and function as second messengers that oxidize target proteins.

280 0 (CYP) monooxygenase pathway serve as vital second messengers that regulate a number of hormones and

281 the immune response and acts as a beacon, a second messenger, that guides both immune system and tis

282 tive enzymes that function to generate lipid second messengers through hydrolysis of membrane-associa

283 Eukaryotes utilize Ca(2+) as a universal second messenger to convert and multiply environmental a

284 te Ca(2+) levels, which provide the critical second messenger to drive steroid hormone production.

285 oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules that act as a second messenger to signal infection, activating nucleas

286 These data suggest that STAT6 induces second messengers to carry out the alternative transcrip

287 ) effectors is a conserved interplay between second messengers to control critical intracellular Ca(2

288 mit molecules, such as ions, metabolites and second messengers, to transfer between cells.

289 piny neurons that degrades the intracellular second messengers triggered by dopamine signaling.

290 ction systems that modulate gene expression, second-messenger turnover, quorum sensing, biofilm forma

291 Phosphatidic acid (PA), a second messenger typically derived from the lipid-hydrol

292 and shape on the spatio-temporal dynamics of second messengers using mathematical modeling using reac

293 ecode and relay information encrypted by the second messenger via differential interactions with a wi

294 w that the amount of this biofilm-regulating second messenger was dynamic with time and colony size,

295 ng the example of diacylglycerols, prominent second messengers, we here investigate whether lipid che

296 rent connexins have distinct permeability to second messengers, which could affect many cell processe

297 (NAADP) is the most potent Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger whose formation has remained elusive.

298 hosphatidic acid (PA) is a pleiotropic lipid second messenger whose modes of action differ based on u

299 at Csx3 binds cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA(4)) second messenger with high affinity.

300 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger with pleiotropic effects, including reg