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1 ted with greater thickness of the cellulosic secondary wall.
2 h alternating thick and thin lamellae in the secondary wall.
3  which are the other two major components of secondary wall.
4 ved in the biosynthesis of the components of secondary wall.
5 ids underlying the epidermis possess thinner secondary walls.
6 riods of maximum cellulose deposition within secondary walls.
7 ee heterotrophic systems with cellulose-rich secondary walls.
8  walls of plant tracheary elements that lack secondary walls.
9 erexpression result in ectopic deposition of secondary walls.
10                               The finding of secondary walls and lignin in red algae raises many ques
11             Here, we report the discovery of secondary walls and lignin within cells of the intertida
12 ary wall formation, leading to the thickened secondary walls and the changed cell wall composition.
13                       The main components of secondary walls are cellulose, xylan, glucomannan and li
14                                Thus, stereid secondary walls are structurally distinct from primary c
15 knowledgements 1717 References 1717 SUMMARY: Secondary walls are synthesized in specialized cells, su
16 y, we reported that MYB46 directly regulates secondary wall-associated cellulose synthase (CESA4, CES
17  function as a direct regulator of all three secondary wall-associated cellulose synthase genes: CESA
18 ion factor that directly regulates all three secondary wall-associated CESA genes.
19  poplar orthologs regulate the expression of secondary wall-associated genes through activating SNBEs
20 xpression of lignin biosynthetic genes and a secondary wall-associated laccase (LAC4) gene.
21                             We overexpressed Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain 1s (Ptr-SND1-B1), a
22                                              Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain 1s (SND1s) are tran
23 CUC2) domain transcription factor, SND1 (for secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein), is a key
24            It has previously been shown that SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1) is
25                                              SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1) is
26 6 transcription factor is a direct target of SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1), wh
27 el-specific NAC domain transcription factor, secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein5 (SND5), in
28 D6B in Arabidopsis induced the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and seco
29           In addition, the expression of two secondary wall-associated transcription factors, MYB85 a
30                                              Secondary wall-bearing cells form lignocellulosic biomas
31 ivities of transcription factors involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and bound to five cis-acting
32                      Transcripts involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and cell wall integrity sens
33 on factors and a number of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and modification.
34 underlying the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation will b
35 ND2/3/4/5 also activated SNBEs and regulated secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation.
36 omoters of target genes and thereby regulate secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation.
37 s form a transcriptional network controlling secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation.
38 re involved in the coordinated regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation.
39 14 activated the transcription of all of the secondary wall biosynthesis genes tested, suggesting tha
40 tified here may include direct activators of secondary wall biosynthesis genes.
41 and MYB63) were shown to be able to activate secondary wall biosynthesis genes.
42 chical regulator that coordinately regulates secondary wall biosynthesis genes.
43 e previous finding that AtC3H14 activate the secondary wall biosynthesis genes.
44 transcription factors is required for normal secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
45 has been identified as a master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
46 tional network involved in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
47 YB83 that are known to be master switches of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
48 downstream targets is involved in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and that NST1, NST
49  a key transcriptional activator involved in secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers.
50 ely elucidated, our current understanding of secondary wall biosynthesis is limited.
51 ctional roles of these PtrMYBs in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis were further demonstrated in
52 ression of genes encoding sets of enzymes in secondary wall biosynthesis were observed in transgenic
53 nvolved in the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis, and generated several testa
54 MYB46-mediated transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis, we reasoned that additional
55 t AtC3H14 may be another master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis.
56 itch activating the developmental program of secondary wall biosynthesis.
57 ator regulating the developmental program of secondary wall biosynthesis.
58 ringyl lignin moieties in coordinating xylem secondary wall biosynthesis.
59  thaliana and studied its role in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis.
60  miRNAs were related to fiber elongation and secondary wall biosynthesis.
61 especially in the group of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis.
62 switch that turns on the genes necessary for secondary wall biosynthesis.
63 ry wall-associated transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes and, concomitantly, th
64 ons that the promoter regions of many of the secondary wall biosynthetic genes contain MYB46-binding
65 1 results in activation of the expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes, leading to massive de
66  coincided with or preceded the induction of secondary wall biosynthetic genes.
67  MYB85, MYB52, and MYB54 were able to induce secondary wall biosynthetic genes.
68 s that are involved in the regulation of the secondary wall biosynthetic program during wood formatio
69 PtrWNDs are capable of activating the entire secondary wall biosynthetic program.
70      Each pit consists of a space within the secondary wall called a pit chamber, and a modified prim
71 eted nature of transcriptional regulation of secondary wall cellulose biosynthesis.
72 crose (Suc) synthase was proposed to support secondary wall cellulose synthesis by degrading Suc to f
73 s are expressed at high levels during active secondary wall cellulose synthesis in developing cotton
74 s in source leaves and the carbon source for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in fiber sinks, might
75 sulted in an SFG spectrum resembling that of secondary wall cellulose.
76                  A full understanding of how secondary wall components are synthesized will ultimatel
77 ber of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components have been characterized, littl
78 of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components.
79 he genes involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary wall components.
80 olved in the biosynthesis of all three major secondary wall components.
81 le us to produce plants with custom-designed secondary wall composition tailored to diverse applicati
82 ell types including xylem and fibre, a thick secondary wall comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and
83 D4/ANAC075, was specifically associated with secondary wall-containing cells and dominant repression
84 1 double mutant effectively complemented the secondary wall defects in fibers, indicating that PtrWND
85  inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis to study secondary wall deposition and cell wall strength and fou
86  extended elongation stage and highly active secondary wall deposition during extra-long fiber develo
87 tanding the molecular mechanisms controlling secondary wall deposition during wood formation is not o
88 ain of the viral protein VP16 led to ectopic secondary wall deposition in cells that are normally par
89 CTL group had preferential expression during secondary wall deposition in cotton lint fiber.
90 35S::ANAC012 plants) dramatically suppressed secondary wall deposition in the xylary fiber and slight
91 nneling UDP-Glc to cellulose synthase during secondary wall deposition, its gene family, its manipula
92 tion, prolonged fiber elongation and delayed secondary wall deposition, producing denser fiber helice
93 m genes associated with fiber elongation and secondary wall deposition, prolonged fiber elongation an
94 orter gene activity in numerous cells during secondary wall deposition.
95 h these aspen genes might be involved in the secondary wall development in aspen woody tissues.
96  wild-type, indicating that AtHB15 represses secondary wall development in pith.
97 ome profiles with regard to the induction of secondary wall development.
98  AtCesA8 which also has been associated with secondary wall development.
99  beta-1,4-galactan is relatively abundant in secondary walls, especially in tension wood that forms i
100    The downregulation of PdRanBP facilitated secondary wall expansion and increased stem height, the
101 xpressed in leaf buds and tissues undergoing secondary wall expansion, including immature xylem and i
102 i1 plants may be inappropriate initiation of secondary wall formation and subsequent aberrant lignifi
103 veral of the identified proteins showed that secondary wall formation depends on the coordinated pres
104 gest a conserved role for VUP1 in regulating secondary wall formation during vascular development by
105 shown to function as a central regulator for secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, activa
106  activating lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
107 nized by MYB46, which is a master switch for secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis.
108 studying the molecular mechanisms regulating secondary wall formation in fibers, we have found that a
109      The discovery of negative regulators of secondary wall formation in pith opens up the possibilit
110 aracterized MYBs shown to be associated with secondary wall formation or phenylpropanoid metabolism.
111 ygalacturonases affects stem development and secondary wall formation remains unclear.
112                                              Secondary wall formation requires coordinated transcript
113 esults suggest PsnSHN2 coordinately regulate secondary wall formation through selective up/down-regul
114 n factors and biosynthesis genes involved in secondary wall formation, leading to the thickened secon
115 h functions in cell expansion and influences secondary wall formation, providing a possible link betw
116 d ZeExp2 mRNA decrease at the early stage of secondary wall formation, whereas ZeExp3 does not.
117 -mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall formation.
118 in the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan during secondary wall formation.
119 und to be highest in tissues associated with secondary wall formation.
120 hat senses cell size and controls subsequent secondary wall formation.
121 ownstream transcription factors that control secondary wall formation.
122 gets in fiber initiation and elongation, and secondary wall formation.
123 nal organization of TEs was determined using secondary wall fragments generated by sonication.
124 to develop and validate new hypotheses about secondary wall gene regulation under abiotic stress.
125 d concomitantly led to ectopic deposition of secondary walls in cells that are normally nonsclerenchy
126 etic genes, leading to massive deposition of secondary walls in cells that are normally nonsclerenchy
127                                              Secondary walls in fibers and tracheary elements constit
128 volved in the biosynthesis and deposition of secondary walls in plants.
129 plar plants showing an ectopic deposition of secondary walls in PtrMYB overexpressors and a reduction
130                                              Secondary walls in vessels and fibers of dicotyledonous
131  a mechanism for the convergent evolution of secondary walls in which the deposition of aggregated an
132                            Building hoops of secondary wall material is the key structural event in f
133 ycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) by biding the secondary wall MYB-responsive element (SMRE) to promote
134                  MYB15 directly binds to the secondary wall MYB-responsive element consensus sequence
135 r, located within a recently described 19-bp secondary wall NAC binding element.
136 ches (SWNs) by binding to and activating the secondary wall NAC binding elements (SNBEs).
137 f the same downstream target genes as do the secondary wall NAC master switches (SWNs) by binding to
138 ene expression through direct binding to the secondary wall NAC-binding elements, which are present i
139 rant deposition of cellulose microfibrils in secondary walls of fiber cells.
140 GM is the most abundant hemicellulose in the secondary walls of gymnosperms, understanding its biosyn
141 ey share structural characteristics with the secondary walls of tracheary elements and fibers.
142 tant lines, along with delayed expression of secondary wall-related genes and temporally prolonged ex
143 n phosphoinositide metabolism and influences secondary wall synthesis and actin organization.
144 acheary element growth through regulation of secondary wall synthesis and programmed cell death.
145 ltant inability to trans-activate downstream secondary wall synthesis genes.
146 pe II 5PTase, plays an essential role in the secondary wall synthesis in fiber cells and xylem vessel
147 , is a key transcriptional switch regulating secondary wall synthesis in fibers.
148  molecular mechanism of switching on and off secondary wall synthesis in various cell types is still
149 d is activated during late primary and early secondary wall synthesis stages.
150  xylem library enriched in cells with active secondary wall synthesis, PtrCesA2 expression levels sim
151 exes are seen to form bands beneath sites of secondary wall synthesis.
152 s that are highly expressed in fibers during secondary wall synthesis.
153 wed highest expression in tissues undergoing secondary wall synthesis.
154 fibers were also analyzed during primary and secondary wall synthesis.
155 ique cell types engaged in either primary or secondary wall synthesis.
156 ed significantly at 16 DPA with the onset of secondary wall synthesis.
157 CCH type (C3H) zinc finger TFs that activate secondary wall synthesis.
158    SCE cells produce mucilage, a specialized secondary wall that is rich in pectin, at a precise stag
159 atic digestion of cellulose, specifically in secondary walls that contain the majority of cellulose a
160 ion of their functions led to a reduction in secondary wall thickening and lignin content.
161                         They also stimulated secondary wall thickening but reduced secondary xylem pr
162 YB52, MYB54, and KNAT7 significantly reduced secondary wall thickening in fiber cells.
163 IRX9 and IRX14 were shown to cause a loss of secondary wall thickening in fibers and a much more seve
164 pression of SND2, SND3, and MYB103 increased secondary wall thickening in fibers, and overexpression
165 fication of a dominant mutant stp-2d showing secondary wall thickening in pith cells (STP).
166  in PtrMYB overexpressors and a reduction of secondary wall thickening in their dominant repressors.
167 pression of their functions severely reduced secondary wall thickening in these cells.
168 NDs functions exhibit a drastic reduction in secondary wall thickening in woody cells, and those with
169 t ANAC012 may act as a negative regulator of secondary wall thickening in xylary fibers.
170 n of MYB46 caused a drastic reduction in the secondary wall thickening of fibers and vessels.
171 on of SND1 causes a drastic reduction in the secondary wall thickening of fibers.
172 ein (here designated Medicago truncatula NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1, MtNST1).
173 tly acts on the SCW transcription factor NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) to re
174 mediating SCW biosynthesis, specifically NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1), NST2
175 t in stem fibers, similar to that of the nac secondary wall thickening promoting factor1-1 (nst1-1)ns
176  differentiation process mediated by the NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTORs in the hypoc
177 egulation, we first established an inducible secondary wall thickening system in Arabidopsis by expre
178 e expressed specifically in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, and their encoded proteins ar
179 e specifically expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, and their encoded proteins we
180  cause any defects in cell wall composition, secondary wall thickening, or cortical microtubule organ
181                                       During secondary wall thickening, XCP1 and XCP2 (in wild type),
182 y expressed in fibers and vessels undergoing secondary wall thickening.
183 lopmentally associated with cells undergoing secondary wall thickening.
184 As are related to primary wall synthesis and secondary wall thickening.
185 imulates xylem cell production and modulates secondary wall thickening.
186 ical branch initiation, septum formation and secondary wall thickening.
187 odel because of its extensive elongation and secondary wall thickening.
188  in hypocotyls of XND1 overexpressors lacked secondary wall thickenings and retained their cytoplasmi
189  first protoxylem cells with fully developed secondary wall thickenings are found.
190 f a meshwork of cellulose fibrils, and inner secondary wall thickenings containing parallel cellulose
191 icularly toward the annular rings and spiral secondary wall thickenings of protoxylem, as opposed to
192 s), which specialize by developing prominent secondary wall thickenings underlying the primary wall d
193 ra3 mutations caused a dramatic reduction in secondary wall thickness and a concomitant decrease in s
194 nt cDNA in wild-type plants not only reduced secondary wall thickness and cellulose content but also
195 ing SHAT1-5 expression, thereby reducing the secondary wall thickness of fiber cap cells in the absci
196  while others cause chamber enlargement with secondary wall thinning.
197  Increased lignification of compression wood secondary walls was associated with novel deposition of
198                                              Secondary walls were affected also in the interfascicula
199       Many genes potentially associated with secondary walls were present in the most significant WGC
200 roduction compared with the wild type (since secondary walls were thinner).
201 heir primary wall, then lay down a lignified secondary wall, which is often followed by digestion of
202                   Wood is mainly composed of secondary walls, which constitute the most abundant stor
203                                        While secondary wall xylan has been extensively characterised,

 
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