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1 sults in the translation of UAG in vivo as a sense codon.
2 rokaryotes, which involves reassignment of a sense codon.
3 ility of synthetic tRNAs to decode all of 61 sense codons.
4 plement, thereby orthogonalizing some of the sense codons.
5 , which recognizes ribosomes stalled on rare sense codons.
6 ipts, there was no preference for CAG or UCG sense codons.
7 to efficiently discriminate between stop and sense codons.
8 tants with ribosomes programmed with stop or sense codons.
9  termination, serve an alternate function as sense codons.
10 similar efficiency as natural translation at sense codons.
11 se/tRNA pair for dedicated mistranslation of sense codons.
12 d with a tool to alter the identity of their sense codons.
13 cognize the stop codons UAG and UAA, and ten sense codons.
14 via "recoding" of UGA from a stop codon to a sense codon, a process that requires specific secondary
15 is the ratio of non-synonymous codons to all sense codons accessible by one point mutation.
16     Replacing the tnaC UGA stop codon with a sense codon allows considerable expression, which is als
17 ons-to replace every known occurrence of two sense codons and a stop codon in the genome.
18 n which we replaced known occurrences of six sense codons and a stop codon with synonymous codons.
19 me in which the annotated occurrences of two sense codons and a stop codon, and the cognate transfer
20  and an ATG initiation codon, followed by 19 sense codons and a stop codon.
21  release factor 1, which normally decode two sense codons and a stop codon; the resulting cells could
22 arly all cases, the amber codon is used as a sense codon, and an orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synth
23 last (3'-most) position and ensures that all sense codons are appropriately decoded.
24 eporters was constructed with nearly all the sense codons as the "takeoff site", each with its matche
25 e single most likely ancestral codon from 61 sense codons at each interior node.
26                    Opal also outperforms all sense codons because opal-to-sense substitutions lead to
27         In protein sequences-as there are 61 sense codons but only 20 standard amino acids-most amino
28 this process, the stop codon is decoded as a sense codon by a near-cognate tRNA, which programs the r
29 eference for the stop codons UAG and UGA and sense codons CAG and UCG in vitro.
30 ow that several adjacent, arbitrarily chosen sense codons can be completely reassigned to various unn
31  (AGG, CGA, and CGG), representing the first sense codon changes in bacteria.
32 ially enables the reassignment of at least 9 sense codons coding for Ser, Arg, Leu, Pro, Thr, and Gly
33  to suppress nonsense defects is to engineer sense-codon decoding tRNAs to readthrough and restore tr
34 alanine and cysteine in response to stop and sense codons, depending on the identity element and anti
35  RF1 for ribosomes programmed with different sense codons does not correlate with the defects in pept
36 ent: a ribosome stalled inappropriately at a sense codon during translation elongation.
37                     This genetic code has 62 sense codons encoding 21 amino acids.
38 a naturally occurring SINV mutation restores sense-codon fitness by further delaying polyprotein proc
39 l components to convert TAG into a dedicated sense codon for sAAs.
40 enetic code by changing nonsense codons into sense codons for these amino acids.
41  interacting with both a UAA stop and an AAU sense codon in pre- and post-mRNA cleavage states to pro
42 pal termination codon has been replaced by a sense codon in the alphavirus genome.
43 ession of the tRNA corresponding to the last sense codon in the minigene.
44 modifiable analogs of amino acids at diverse sense codons in cells in rich media.
45                   These results suggest that sense codons inhibit conformational changes necessary fo
46                 Thus, discrimination against sense codons is achieved with both an increase in the di
47            However, dissociation of RF1 from sense codons is as much as 3 orders of magnitude faster
48  of eRF1 discrimination for stop codons over sense codons is not known.
49 he lysine residue at amino acid 472 to a non-sense codon (K472X).
50  and for release factor 2 (RF2) to recognize sense codons, leading to hydrolysis of the aberrant pept
51 etic recoding of genomes, to remove targeted sense codons, may facilitate the encoded cellular synthe
52  protists have reassigned all stop codons as sense codons, neglecting this fundamental principle(1-4)
53                                     The last sense codon of tnaC, proline codon 24 (CCU), is translat
54 ability of the mRNA degradation machinery to sense codon optimality.
55 s of proteins from the genome, and chooses 1 sense codon-out of up to 6 synonyms-to encode each amino
56 hanism of paromomycin inhibition on stop and sense codons, paired with correlated structural changes
57  of the UAG stop codon; however, reassigning sense codons poses a greater challenge because such codo
58 codons differing by one base change from the sense codons previously used.
59                             One type of GCE, sense codon reassignment (SCR), focuses on breaking the
60 aking the degeneracy of the genetic code via sense codon reassignment has emerged as a way to incorpo
61 ether modified, wild-type tRNA could improve sense codon reassignment, we developed a new fluorous me
62 netic firewall to viral infection and enable sense codon reassignment.
63 tionality of stop codons as stop signals and sense codons, resulting in misannotation of selenoprotei
64                 Nonsense mutations convert a sense codon that is decoded by tRNA into a premature ter
65  stop codon to a UAA stop codon and to three sense codons that allow constitutive readthrough.
66 ly terminate protein synthesis by mutating a sense codon to a premature stop or termination codon (PT
67 tem to simultaneously re-assign 35 of the 61 sense codons to 12 unnatural amino acid analogues.
68 m the sup45-2 strain do not show a defect in sense-codon translation at the non-permissive temperatur
69 mechanism of discrimination between stop and sense codons, we developed a new, pre-steady state kinet
70 hether A-site nuclease activity also cleaves sense codons, we induced ribosome pausing at each of the
71 e of expressing a protein encoded by only 20 sense codons, whereas a standard 64-codon encoding is no
72 focuses on breaking the degeneracy of the 61 sense codons which encode for only 20 amino acids.
73 ration, in response to both amber codons and sense codons, with an efficiency similar to benchmark ge
74 ature stop codon that can be replaced with a sense codon without loss of function.