ライフサイエンスコーパス: seroprevalence

1 factors explained 48.6% of the variation in seroprevalence.

2 Caribbean (11.4% [7.8-15.7]) had the highest seroprevalence.

3 ethod were not significantly associated with seroprevalence.

4 e conducted to identify predictors of higher seroprevalence.

5 re implemented to estimate pooled mean HSV-1 seroprevalence.

6 r cCMV in countries with low to intermediate seroprevalence.

7 and timely population estimates of COVID-19 seroprevalence.

8 imilar results were observed for hotspots of seroprevalence.

9 ulate a pooled estimate of hepatitis D virus seroprevalence.

10 esults in a high post-vaccination poliovirus seroprevalence.

11 This was also reflected in the seroprevalence.

12 l sera can provide an approximate measure of seroprevalence.

13 sity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence.

14 idence of cCMV in populations with high HCMV seroprevalence.

15 piratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence.

16 with limited patient contact had the lowest seroprevalence (2.2%).

17 Sub-Saharan African migrants had the highest seroprevalence (24.1.% [95% CI 16.4-32.7]).

18 a, the emergency departments had the highest seroprevalence (29.7%), while departments without patien

19 vs 0.7/1,000,000 person-years [p<0.01]) and seroprevalence (7.9 vs 3.3/100,000[p=0.04]) were also hi

20 Seroprevalence 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjust

21 gene for IIIa capsid cement protein of lower-seroprevalence adenovirus serotype 6.

22 The estimated RVFV seroprevalence, adjusted for survey design, was 42.9% in

23 This study shows high seroprevalence against group A meningococci in Burkina F

24 We conducted a serosurvey to determine seroprevalence against multiple EBOV antigens among HCWs

25 Seroprevalence among 195 participants with positive PCR

26 s detected in poultry, and consequently, the seroprevalence among exposed humans was between 5.6% and

27 In this population-based survey, HPV seroprevalence among groups likely exposed at mucosal ep

28 Across studies, measles seroprevalence among HIV-infected adolescents and adults

29 The baseline seroprevalence among infants aged 6-9 months in 2014 was

30 ky, and San Francisco, California, where HCV seroprevalence among PWID is >50%.

31 To this end we assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among retired blood donors and combined i

32 We compared seroprevalence among self-identified gay/bisexual men wh

33 The overall seroprevalence among the sH3N2-primed population against

34 JEV seroprevalence and annual infection estimates were much

35 a showed a striking relationship between age seroprevalence and clinical data, demonstrating the proo

36 Seroprevalence and force of infection were rank-preservi

37 Both seroprevalence and HA diversity were significantly incre

38 significant seasonality in population-level seroprevalence and individual serostatus for multiple vi

39 opment of vaccines due to its relatively low seroprevalence and its ability to induce potent immune r

40 thesize available evidence regarding measles seroprevalence and measles vaccine immunogenicity, effic

41 non-inferiority margin of 10% for poliovirus seroprevalence and measles, rubella, and yellow fever se

42 ithin San Juan, Puerto Rico to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira infection

43 agasy fruit bats, (b) explore seasonality in seroprevalence and serostatus in these bat populations a

44 Accurate estimates of seroprevalence are needed to model transmission dynamics

45 gher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in

46 udies are limited by lack of aquaporin-4-IgG seroprevalence assessment, absence of population-based U

47 Despite substantial reductions in seroprevalence, at least 9% of males were seropositive f

48 patients were anti-HEV IgG positive with the seroprevalence being highest in those from the Midwest (

49 Based on similar measles seroprevalence between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected a

50 a younger age led to a greater reduction in seroprevalence but an increase in IM cases associated wi

51 Reported seroprevalence by MN ranged from 0.6% to 9% (median, 2.7

52 here was a significant difference in overall seroprevalence by region: 26.2% in LRR and 17.1% in URR

53 Differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence by sex have been observed, likely due to

54 In maternal populations with a high HCMV seroprevalence, cCMV that follows nonprimary maternal in

55 proved the accuracy of antibody tests in low-seroprevalence communities and revealed differences in a

56 ed with other measures of SARS-CoV-2 spread, seroprevalence correlated best with deaths per 100 000 p

57 We observed that Morogoro virus seroprevalence correlates positively with host density w

58 mates correlate well with those derived from seroprevalence data (the gold standard), capture the exp

59 accounted for key uncertainties in existing seroprevalence data and found that estimates for the sym

60 sic results from epidemiological theory with seroprevalence data and highly spatially resolved data a

61 We apply Bayesian methods to multi-valent seroprevalence data for measles and rubella, collected 2

62 Our study also highlights the importance of seroprevalence data for precise quantitative analysis of

63 uito representations, using surveillance and seroprevalence data for several ZIKV outbreaks in Pacifi

64 ata collected over 14 years and longitudinal seroprevalence data from 2010 to 2013.

65 luding population growth) and to hepatitis C seroprevalence data from a national survey in 2007-08, s

66 Integrating seroprevalence data from African cattle, our data suppor

67 Seroprevalence data reported by the studies ranged from

68 The age-specific HPV seroprevalence data were best explained by a partner acq

69 Seroprevalence declined with age in the 1-7 months group

70 tic models using information on age-specific seroprevalence demonstrated a decrease in the transmissi

71 There is no evidence for declines in seroprevalence despite improving socio-economic conditio

72 KSHV seroprevalence did not differ by study group but was ass

73 sion followed multiyear periods of declining seroprevalence due to bat-population turnover and indivi

74 l results suggest that the observed seasonal seroprevalence dynamics can be best explained by a combi

75 Here, to understand seroprevalence dynamics, we conduct a retrospective, rep

76 e respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 seroprevalence estimated from commercial laboratory resi

77 ich was not significantly different from the seroprevalence estimated through the WHO-recommended cas

78 % (median, 2.7%), which was greater than the seroprevalence estimated through the WHO-recommended cas

79 Biased seroprevalence estimates can occur using serological ass

80 group, and socioeconomic status, and compare seroprevalence estimates with official statistics on dea

81 dies and explores factors that may influence seroprevalence estimates.

82 Age was the strongest predictor of seroprevalence explaining 44.3% of the variation.

83 sion criteria, giving an overall estimate of seroprevalence for Legionella of 13.7% (95% CI 11.3-16.5

84 Between settings, seroprevalences for merozoite antigens were similar betw

85 valuated the utility and safety of a new low-seroprevalence gorilla adenovirus (GAd; GC46) as a gene

86 Anti-HAV seroprevalence had decreased whereas anti-HEV seropreval

87 eroprevalence had decreased whereas anti-HEV seroprevalence had risen.

88 Due to its low seroprevalence, HAdV26 has been considered a promising v

89 High hepatitis E (HEV) seroprevalence has been reported in the general populati

90 gue IgG indirect ELISA in determining dengue seroprevalence in a cohort of children in the Philippine

91 We describe the dynamics of seroprevalence in an 'urgent care' group, which is enric

92 We found evidence of a decline in seroprevalence in both countries over a two-year period

93 al epithelium (MSM, females) was comparable; seroprevalence in both groups was higher than in MSW.

94 disease transmission has been reported, with seroprevalence in children (<10 years), estimated to be

95 itive), with no differences by sex and lower seroprevalence in children younger than 10 years (<3.1%

96 A minimal estimate of pediatric JEV seroprevalence in dengue-naive individuals was 8.1% in I

97 s have increased in cattle along with rising seroprevalence in elk.

98 d RVFV N-based indirect ELISA to assess RVFV seroprevalence in livestock in areas of endemicity and n

99 In 2012-2013, we conducted a survey of HPV seroprevalence in males to assess whether or not a herd

100 Seroprevalence in MSM was comparable to females (aPR: 0.

101 Overall, seroprevalence in MSM, MSW, and females was 42.6%, 13.2%

102 partners, and partly explained by higher CMV seroprevalence in MSM.

103 The findings suggest that lower HPV seroprevalence in older US women primarily reflects coho

104 ethodologies are being employed to determine seroprevalence in populations to select convalescent pla

105 to understand regional patterns of antibody seroprevalence in source plasma from which IG products a

106 The primary endpoint was dengue seroprevalence in the cohort, detected by ELISA, and val

107 L and there was a significantly higher HBsAg seroprevalence in the HIV cohort, compared to the contro

108 rsenic was inversely associated with VZV IgG seroprevalence in the U.S.

109 Here, we report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations

110 00000 with a prevalence of HSV-2 of 16% (the seroprevalence in US adults with unknown symptom status)

111 maternal antibodies in neonates, increasing seroprevalence in young and decreasing seroprevalence la

112 Seroprevalence increased at different rates in both grou

113 200 participants in both surveys, the pooled seroprevalence increased from 1.9% (95% CI 1.7-2.1) to 3

114 Among HBsAg-negative participants, anti-HBc seroprevalence increased from 5.4% (<26 years) to 60.1%

115 Seroprevalence increased with age and was higher on priv

116 Seroprevalence increased with number of lifetime sex par

117 mpact in many developing countries where CMV seroprevalence is almost universal.

118 Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence is not associated with prolonged mechanic

119 n rates but lack precision in settings where seroprevalence is still high.

120 asing seroprevalence in young and decreasing seroprevalence late in life.

121 f transmission settings, as characterised by seroprevalence levels among 9-y-olds (SP9).

122 Furthermore, seroprevalence levels in a population help guide policy

123 addition, the N-specific ELISA detected RVFV seroprevalence levels of 26.1% and 54.3% in indigenous s

124 Here, we fitted a mathematical model to seroprevalence livestock and human RVF case data from th

125 -assembled database for paired HSV-2 and HIV seroprevalence measures among FSWs.

126 Thirty-nine overall seroprevalence measures yielding 85 stratified measures

127 nce of A(H7N2) infection, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 0.8% (95% confidence interval, .02%-4.

128 Using multiplex serology, we determined the seroprevalence of 10 human PyVs (BK, JC, KI, WU, MCV, HP

129 M+; 4.4% were F+M-, resulting in the overall seroprevalence of 11.4%.

130 We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geog

131 For testing a population with an HCVAb seroprevalence of 3.25%, all strategies when adopting qu

132 s 17.8%), while Mexican Americans had higher seroprevalence of 31/33/45/52/58 (23.6% vs 15.9%) (P < .

133 panic whites, non-Hispanic blacks had higher seroprevalence of 31/33/45/52/58 (36.8% vs 15.9%) and 16

134 In the first week, we estimated a seroprevalence of 4.8% (95% CI 2.4-8.0, n=341).

135 tion is endemic throughout the world, with a seroprevalence of 40 to 100% depending on geographic loc

136 for HCV (42 648 individuals), with a pooled seroprevalence of 5.73% (95% CI 4.90-6.56).

137 y with 108 post-LT patients and found an IgG seroprevalence of 55.6%.

138 The high seroprevalence of about 60% makes MCPyV a serious health

139 The seroprevalence of AiV is approximately 60% in children u

140 Seroprevalence of all type categories, especially HPV 31

141 The low and similar seroprevalence of anti-HEV between the at-risk group and

142 Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest seroprevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (15.3%, 95%

143 The seroprevalence of anti-PV2 antibodies did not decrease a

144 Here, we estimate weekly seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the popu

145 We then assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies to Ebola virus in a cross-s

146 We carried out a survey of seroprevalence of antipolio antibodies in children who r

147 Seroprevalence of antipolio antibodies was 100% in all d

148 The seroprevalence of B burgdorferi among patients with uvei

149 The seroprevalence of B burgdorferi among uveitis patients w

150 Eligible studies had to report seroprevalence of both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsA

151 We found that seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and T. gondii antibodies

152 The seroprevalence of complement-fixing antibodies was highe

153 The seroprevalence of E. histolytica was 33% (14/43) from th

154 Seroprevalence of EBV, CMV, herpes simplex virus types 1

155 The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Malaysia is l

156 cation had no association in distribution of seroprevalence of HCV (p > 0.05) but the duration in pri

157 We recorded a high seroprevalence of HCV across populations of sub-Saharan

158 A high seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (81%) among human im

159 ive antiviral therapy, the estimated overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen remains hi

160 In west Africa, the pooled seroprevalence of hepatitis D virus was 7.33% (95% CI 3.

161 Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the ge

162 We determined seroprevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 among 49

163 with regard to class A infections, the high seroprevalence of human herpesviruses in lr-MSM warrants

164 in Mississippi, we showed consistently high seroprevalence of IDVs in cattle and recovered a total o

165 per summarises the available evidence on the seroprevalence of Legionella antibodies and explores fac

166 We evaluated the seroprevalence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein im

167 mathematical model to capture the change in seroprevalence of non-stage-specific IgG and anti-TgERP

168 practices were inversely associated with the seroprevalence of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses.

169 Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses ranged from 38.5% to 99

170 Seroprevalence of PV2 antibodies was 87/368 (23.6%) at a

171 owever, limited data exist on the population seroprevalence of PyVs and individual characteristics th

172 We evaluated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors among 4,98

173 The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a community-b

174 To investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a hemodialysi

175 We found a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients rece

176 population-based study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain at natio

177 Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 8.0% (95% CI 7.7-8.4) i

178 lability of serological testing to date, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in diff

179 avirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coro

180 The seroprevalence of these novel rhesus monkey adenovirus v

181 s to SARS-CoV-2 are essential to determining seroprevalence of this virus in the United States and gl

182 usion, the results of this study showed high seroprevalence of toxocariasis among clinically suspecte

183 ated the association between arsenic and the seroprevalence of VZV IgG antibody in a representative s

184 The seroprevalence of ZIKV was 6.2% based on ZIKV immunoglob

185 even were seropositive in April for a period seroprevalence of ~1%.

186 Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our

187 o to the forest (i.e., adult males) and with seroprevalences of up to 18% in some areas.

188 rs to be lower than in populations with high seroprevalence, older epidemics, and/or limited HLA dive

189 Observed seasonal seroprevalence patterns were compared with those generat

190 cline was concentrated in adults, while high seroprevalence persisted in children.

191 HSV-1 seroprevalence persists at high levels in MENA with most

192 re, Legionella species measured, and present seroprevalence point estimates and 95% confidence interv

193 emonstrating the proof-of-principle that age seroprevalence predicts transmission rates and therefore

194 sing results for both tests, we calculated a seroprevalence range maximising either specificity (posi

195 , was the predominant IgG subclass detected (seroprevalence range, 5%-35% for IgG1 and 27%-41% for Ig

196 als with anosmia or at least three symptoms, seroprevalence ranged from 15.3% (13.8-16.8) to 19.3% (1

197 standardised to the US dialysis population, seroprevalence ranged from 3.5% (3.1-3.9) in the west to

198 s were seropositive for at least 1 PyV, with seroprevalences ranging from 17.6% (HPyV9) to 99.1% (HPy

199 ectional study of 152 U.K. adults, with HCMV seroprevalence rate of 36%, we find that HCMV seropositi

200 antenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence rates ( approximately 30%) with low perin

201 gies: vaccination of populations with dengue seroprevalence rates above 80% or screening of individua

202 d individuals are needed to establish global seroprevalence rates and potential disease associations.

203 The primary outcomes were seroprevalence rates for poliovirus 4-6 weeks post-vacci

204 These data are the highest seroprevalence rates observed to date and highlight the

205 Seroprevalence rates of mumps, measles, and rubella dete

206 identifying bat species with high ebolavirus seroprevalence rates to target for longitudinal studies

207 c conditions and geographic locations with a seroprevalence reaching up to 100% in some developing co

208 The decline of seroprevalence recently observed in many countries might

209 HBV seroprevalence remained high despite universal vaccinati

210 From May to July, seroprevalence remained stable, suggesting lasting antib

211 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence remains high in people who inject drug (P

212 a total of 3979 studies were identified with seroprevalence results published after 1 January 1990.

213 /NMOSD and aquaporin-4-IgG seroincidence and seroprevalence (sera collected in 80-84% of IDD) among p

214 t vaccine dose, showed that although in high seroprevalence settings the vaccine provides overall pop

215 Baseline CMV serology, and STI-incidence/-seroprevalence, sexual and substance-use behavior data w

216 Seroprevalence studies based on convenience samples are

217 information on the infectivity of patients, seroprevalence studies may enable investigation of expos

218 ration screening tool for use in large scale seroprevalence studies of hCoVs.

219 data from 45 countries and the results of 22 seroprevalence studies to investigate the consistency of

220 t and past ZIKV infections for surveillance, seroprevalence studies, and intervention trials.

221 V-1/2 infection could facilitate large-scale seroprevalence studies, enabling active surveillance of

222 However, recent seroprevalence studies, including two large pediatric co

223 unacceptable, and has restricted large-scale seroprevalence studies.

224 ed to rapid and widespread implementation of seroprevalence studies.

225 ections, hence, facilitating epidemiological seroprevalence studies.

226 nts and are therefore well suited to conduct seroprevalence studies.

227 ations for convalescent serum collection and seroprevalence studies.

228 described a large-scale representative ZIKV seroprevalence study in South America from the recent 20

229 This was a cross-sectional seroprevalence study using de-identified blood samples a

230 An 8-week seroprevalence study was conducted in an urban ED in 201

231 ical clustering and low MSHBV/CSHBV-specific seroprevalence suggest focal transmission and high virul

232 We conducted a seroprevalence survey among students to assess vaccinati

233 This cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of the adult population of Meliand

234 The objective of this study was to perform a seroprevalence survey on severe acute respiratory syndro

235 This seroprevalence survey study describes severe acute respi

236 ng 2011-2014, Nigeria conducted serial polio seroprevalence surveys (SPS) in Kano Metropolitan Area,

237 The results from the polio seroprevalence surveys conducted in Kano Metropolitan Ar

238 s repeated cross-sectional study, we did two seroprevalence surveys in 133 sentinel cities in all Bra

239 ng symptomatic pregnant women (n = 281), and seroprevalence surveys of blood donors (n = 457).

240 urring in this region, suggesting a need for seroprevalence surveys to determine the underlying reaso

241 la Mohammed Specialist Hospital (Kano) for 3 seroprevalence surveys.

242 heavily on issues surrounding the quality of seroprevalence tests and less on the sampling methods th

243 MSW had a significantly lower seroprevalence than females (aPR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.28-0.3

244 cCMV increases with increasing maternal CMV seroprevalence, the vast majority of the cases of cCMV t

245 rasite establishment results in more lenient seroprevalence thresholds, even for higher baseline infe

246 We calculated overall seroprevalence through a random effects meta-analysis mo

247 E HSV-1 is an important pathogen with a high seroprevalence throughout the human population.

248 ple who inject drugs (PWID), and hepatitis C seroprevalence trends among blood donors.

249 High anti-HBc seroprevalence underlines the potential issue of HBV rea

250 We estimated seroprevalence using a Bayesian logistic regression mode

251 stigated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence utility as a predictor of HIV epidemic po

252 The 2011 study showed seroprevalence values of 81%, 75%, and 73% for polioviru

253 Among children aged 36-47 months, seroprevalence values were greater (91%, 87%, and 85% fo

254 Most humans are immune to Ad5, so lower-seroprevalence viruses like human Ad6 and Ad26 are being

255 We calculated that the seroprevalence was 0.048% (2/4,151; 95% CI = 0.006-0.174

256 In east and southern Africa, seroprevalence was 0.05% (0.00-1.78) in general populati

257 Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%).

258 Pooled strongyloidiasis seroprevalence was 12.2% (95% CI 9.0-15.9%; I(2) 96%) an

259 The seroprevalence was 14% and factors associated with being

260 Pooled schistosomiasis seroprevalence was 18.4% (95% CI 13.1-24.5; I(2) 97%) an

261 In central Africa, seroprevalence was 25.64% (12.09-42.00) in general popul

262 say sensitivity and specificity, the overall seroprevalence was 3.4% (CI: 2.5%-3.8%).

263 = 1.00 (95% CI = 0.85-1.16) when brucellosis seroprevalence was 30%.

264 The seroprevalence was 31.5% (17.5% IgM+IgG+, 9.0% IgM+IgG-,

265 Human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence was 4% (10/249) in donors and 18% (93/517

266 weighted, test-performance-adjusted national seroprevalence was 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to

267 In children 1-9 years old, seroprevalence was 4.4% in LRR and 3.9% in URR.

268 With KIR3DS1 plus HLA-B Bw4-80I, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR for the combin

269 Similarly, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR, 0.6; P = .01)

270 Among females, seroprevalence was 40.5% for any of the 9 vaccine types,

271 Seroprevalence was 5.0% (95% CI 4.7-5.4) by the point-of

272 Crude seroprevalence was 5.6% (174 of 3098).

273 Maternal seroprevalence was 61%, birth prevalence was 0.37%, resu

274 The overall seroprevalence was 64.0% for AMA-1, 39.5% for MSP-119, a

275 Pooled mean seroprevalence was 65.2% (95% CI: 53.6-76.1%) in childre

276 Overall HBsAg seroprevalence was 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7

277 HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 seroprevalence was 8.1%, 13.9%, 12.7%, and 10.8%, respec

278 Type 1 seroprevalence was 85% (95% CI 80%-89%) among younger ch

279 Seroprevalence was 9.3% before and 5.1% after MDA (P = .

280 Type 3 seroprevalence was below 75% for both age groups and are

281 Weighted seroprevalence was estimated among unvaccinated, sexuall

282 The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 23.3% (95% confidence in

283 The seroprevalence was higher in the western part of the reg

284 Type 2 seroprevalence was lower among younger children than old

285 By age group, seroprevalence was lowest at 60.5% (95% CI: 48.1-72.3%)

286 adjustment for confounding, cytomegalovirus seroprevalence was not associated with the primary outco

287 Further, a significantly lower seroprevalence was observed for children aged 5-9 years

288 2013 H3N2v viruses was >50%, and age-related seroprevalence was observed.

289 HIV seroprevalence was remarkably high, ranging from 11%-26%

290 The HPgV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) amo

291 Seroprevalence was significantly higher to 2013 H3N2v th

292 Tetanus seroprevalence was similar among 1- to 6-year-olds and 7

293 tively).In 2013, the results showed that the seroprevalence was unexpectedly low among infants aged 6

294 Poliovirus seroprevalence was universally high (>97%) after vaccina

295 s born from a population with >=97% maternal seroprevalence were screened for cCMVI and HL.

296 ive (age 17-69 years) blood donors, adjusted seroprevalences were 1.4% (95% CI: 0.3%-2.5%) and 2.5% (

297 The CuV IgG seroprevalences were among CTCL patients 9.5% (4/42), tr

298 Seroprevalences were compared using prevalence ratios ad

299 dels demonstrated age-related differences in seroprevalence, with significant variation in seropositi

300 Data on residual infant deaths and maternal seroprevalence would be valuable inputs into considerati