ライフサイエンスコーパス: serum antibody

1 tional to the titer of MERS-CoV-neutralizing serum antibody.

2 iated by autologous or heterologous HIV-1(+) serum antibodies.

3 ammation, pathology, cytokine responses, and serum antibodies.

4 haryngeal Mp deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and serum antibodies.

5 y consensus peptides recognized by patients' serum antibodies.

6 histochemistry were used to characterize the serum antibodies.

7 by multiple effector lymphocyte subsets and serum antibodies.

8 duced elevated pathogen-specific IgM and IgY serum antibodies.

9 y undertaking proteomic analysis of anti-TG2 serum antibodies.

10 ter cross-reactivity in the MBC pool than in serum antibodies.

11 ion developed high titers of GP neutralizing serum antibodies.

12 g the potential effect of baseline anti-AAV2 serum antibodies.

13 and improved the quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies.

14 s, as they induced similar levels of overall serum antibodies.

15 espite moderately high levels of preexisting serum antibody, 34 (56%) became infected, of whom 23 (68

16 This concept changed with the discovery of serum antibodies (Ab) against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which

17 nt with lower and unsustained virus-specific serum antibody (Ab).

18 Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely corr

19 High-titer serum antibodies against AAV9 only partially blocked CSF

20 Serum antibodies against commensal microbes were measure

21 As in HIV diagnosis, serum antibodies against FIV classically serve as an ind

22 Naturally induced serum antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) may

23 nd quantify the neutralization activities of serum antibodies against LCMV and LASV within a BSL-2 fa

24 ared them to control cohorts for analysis of serum antibodies against M. pneumoniae (n = 479) and Gal

25 20 (9%) of 228 patients had serum antibodies against one or more of the neuronal cel

26 s and found that two specific patterns of 21 serum antibodies against periodontal bacteria were signi

27 Serum antibodies against the glial potassium channel KIR

28 lso demonstrate a strong association between serum antibodies against the human papillomavirus type 1

29 Serum antibodies against the prefusion RSV fusion protei

30 nearly all children with celiac disease have serum antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG).

31 HLA DQ2/DQ8 and serum antibodies against transglutaminase were analysed.

32 cular samples seems to be more specific than serum antibodies alone.

33 Their serum antibodies and clinical features were studied.

34 , the vaccines elicited RSV F- or G-specific serum antibodies and conferred complete lung protection

35 o significant associations were seen between serum antibodies and cSCC or between betaPV and basal ce

36 sed quantity and quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies and increased protection against wild-t

37 n be targets for ADCC mediated by autologous serum antibodies and innate effector cells.

38 needed to achieve the titers of RSV-specific serum antibodies and protection against illness that are

39 Serum antibodies and proteins identified patients who re

40 We identified a panel of serum antibodies and proteins that were predictive of pa

41 ificant increases were observed in levels of serum antibodies and salivary IgA to influenza A(H3N2) a

42 To identify post-alloHSCT serum antibodies and subsequently B-CLL cell-surface ant

43 se five patients were negative for anti-AAV2 serum antibodies and the fifth had a very low titre (1:1

44 nse to allografts has focused on circulating serum antibodies and the long-lived plasma cells that pr

45 body specificities, we looked for binding of serum antibodies and their effects on potassium channel

46 reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is and how long serum antibodies and virus-specific T cells persist afte

47 ntity and higher quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies and was highly protective.

48 either PhtD or PhtE protein generated robust serum antibody and CD4 Th1-biased immune memory and conf

49 enhances systemic helper T cells TH1 and TH2 serum antibody and cytotoxic T-cell levels compared to b

50 LAIV induced strong influenza virus-specific serum antibody and T-cell responses in both naive and in

51 ermined on the basis of a 4-fold increase in serum antibody and the detection of HCoV by reverse-tran

52 Alveolar bone level, serum antibody, and lymphocyte responses were assessed i

53 lly induced anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) serum antibodies are a likely marker of host immune prot

54 Human serum antibodies are directed at a number of surface pro

55 st whether lymphocytes or rotavirus-specific serum antibodies are essential for resolving antigenemia

56 The avidities of serum antibodies as well as numbers of splenic B cells a

57 After sensitization, monkey serum antibody binding and cytotoxicity to RMEC was sign

58 e eRNA vectors induced increased HA-specific serum antibody binding avidity after naked DNA intramusc

59 neutralizing antibodies and higher levels of serum antibody binding to HA1, with stronger avidity and

60 ng HA stalk-specific, broadly cross-reactive serum antibodies by both intramuscular and intranasal ro

61 We tested serum antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay.

62 ss has been made using bottom-up analysis of serum antibodies by nanoflow liquid chromatography/high-

63 clinical outcome, we first analyzed NY-ESO-1 serum antibody by ELISA in 144 ipilimumab-treated patien

64 Eastern equine encephalitis diagnostic serum antibody can appear 6 days after the onset of symp

65 lso developed higher anti-B. burgdorferi IgG serum antibodies compared to WT controls.

66 onses were assessed by determining the total serum antibody concentration (B(max)), relative affinity

67 ti-OspA HuMAbs inoculated in mice achieved a serum antibody concentration of >6 mug/mL.

68 protection in this mouse model and that the serum antibody concentration required for protection fro

69 reinfection, and the presence of NV-specific serum antibodies correlated with protection.

70 ating HSV-2-specific CD8(+) T cells, but not serum antibodies, correlated with reduced viral shedding

71 risk of RVGE given infection, and tested for serum antibody correlates of protection using regression

72 romatography tandem MS proteomic analyses of serum antibodies coupled with next-generation sequencing

73 tsial diseases have long been diagnosed with serum antibodies cross-reactive against Proteus vulgaris

74 somatic hypermutation relative to transient serum antibodies detected at one time point.

75 M. hyopneumoniae serum antibody detection via commercial enzyme-linked im

76 Serum antibody developed against both high- and low-fide

77 RECENT FINDINGS: The discovery of serum antibodies directed against ganglioside and glycol

78 since they firmly establish that preexisting serum antibodies directed against residues 161 to 175 on

79 homologous virus challenge in mice, and the serum antibodies directed against the HA head region wer

80 operating characteristic curves to show that serum antibody ELISA, copro-antigen ELISA and faecal egg

81 s determined through an F. hepatica-specific serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

82 e elicited high titres of CN54gp140-specific serum antibodies, equivalent to a systemic vaccination,

83 the optimized platform to characterize total serum antibody Fabs in a systemic lupus erythematosus (S

84 leukemia trial and assess the usefulness of serum antibodies for diagnosing allergy and predicting r

85 We have identified serum antibodies from an HIV-infected subject that both

86 Transfer of serum antibodies from DTA-1-treated mice, which contain

87 In this study, serum antibodies from Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor

88 Murine and human autoantibody clones and serum antibodies from human SLE patients bind to DNASE1L

89 We show that B cells and serum antibodies from inbred mice demonstrate a reproduc

90 were quantitatively screened for binders to serum antibodies from patients with celiac disease (CD),

91 r the identification of the immune target of serum antibodies from patients with inclusion body myosi

92 pplying established ZnT8A assays to purified serum antibodies from patients with type 1 diabetes, we

93 as being highly and frequently recognized by serum antibodies from seropositive individuals; and (iv)

94 Importantly, post-H1N1 infection serum antibodies from the elderly demonstrated substanti

95 eins were screened for their reactivity with serum antibodies from the mouse model of BA using immuno

96 zation and determined whether the ability of serum antibody from infected monkeys to neutralize SIV w

97 nits of the GABAA receptor showed high titre serum antibodies (>1:160) and CSF antibodies in six pati

98 t hen's egg, as determined based on specific serum antibodies (IgE).

99 tatus and allergic sensitization by specific serum antibodies (immunoglobulin E) against aero-allerge

100 mbinant antigens for their ability to detect serum antibodies in 104 asymptomaticL. donovani-infected

101 the titers of high-quality RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies in hamsters.

102 ing the detection and clinical importance of serum antibodies in patients with various epilepsies and

103 d a high level of HPAIV-specific mucosal and serum antibodies in primates when administered through t

104 aimed to identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies in the Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced m

105 gnificant, durable increases in RSV-specific serum antibody in healthy, seropositive adults.

106 om RSV-immunized mice produced no detectable serum antibody in the recipients, nor could these mice i

107 on of probe (e.g. antigen) and analyte (e.g. serum antibody) in a small volume of bodily fluids.

108 As expected, the prevalence and levels of serum antibodies increased with age.

109 To enable discovery of serum antibodies indicative of disease and simultaneousl

110 Thus, prevalent serum antibodies induced by prior infection may not be a

111 Immunized animals induced neutralizing serum antibodies, inhibited virus replication in the lun

112 say, which corrects for passive diffusion of serum antibodies into CSF and requires testing of paired

113 that the early stage represents diffusion of serum antibodies into the cortical grey matter, whereas

114 ive results simply from passive diffusion of serum antibodies into the CSF.

115 timation of the minimal protective levels of serum antibodies is a research priority.

116 rprisingly, passive transfer of neutralizing serum antibody is protective in animal models.

117 mmunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), a subclass of human serum antibodies, is the most widely used scaffold for d

118 er high-dose challenge, as evidenced by high serum antibody levels against Y. pestis F1 antigen.

119 Serum antibody levels and protection from mosquito bite

120 Serum antibody levels and the number of HSV-specific ant

121 Because long-term serum antibody levels are maintained by bone marrow plas

122 Although Pf-specific serum antibody levels correlated with protection up to 2

123 surrogate of protection based on preoutbreak serum antibody levels in 31 persons with and 715 without

124 Hence, this novel biosensor allows assessing serum antibody levels in real time and in un-manipulated

125 ociated with baseline serostatus or baseline serum antibody levels in the cohort.

126 ia during the study exhibited an increase in serum antibody levels that persisted for months after th

127 Serum antibody levels were assessed by means of ELISA.

128 We correlated acute and convalescent serum antibody levels with incidence of recurrent infect

129 (defined as an increase by a factor of 4 in serum antibody levels) was detected in 70% of vaccine re

130 preventive treatment were analyzed based on serum antibody levels, bronchoalveolar lavage cell count

131 In addition to comparing serum antibody levels, we investigated frequencies of se

132 terations in clonal dominance, and increased serum antibody levels.

133 mma) responses and higher transgene-specific serum antibody levels.

134 Serum antibodies, lung virus titers, weight loss, and pu

135 Specific serum antibodies mediating humoral immunity and autoimmu

136 CI], -1.02 to -0.11) among patients who were serum antibody-negative at baseline and -0.41 log(10) co

137 ally attended visit; among patients who were serum antibody-negative at baseline, the corresponding p

138 ainst SARS-CoV-2 (serum antibody-positive or serum antibody-negative).

139 of lectins, anti-ganglioside antibodies, and serum antibodies of GBS patients.

140 ease, follow-up biopsies, and measurement of serum antibodies on a GFD, biopsy performed on subjects

141 We found significant effects of serum antibodies on proteins of neuroretinal cells espec

142 ning single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing with serum antibody peptide sequencing and antibody synthesis

143 flow, nasal (0-8 hours) and serum cytokines, serum antibodies, peripheral blood antigen-specific T ly

144 the seasonal coronaviruses that cause colds, serum antibodies persist for only months to a few years

145 Pre-existing serum antibodies play an important role in vaccine-media

146 IgA, was detected in cervical secretions of serum antibody-positive animals, predominantly against M

147 dogenous immune response against SARS-CoV-2 (serum antibody-positive or serum antibody-negative).

148 ose H pylori infection was detected based on serum antibody positivity also had a reduced risk of can

149 ers of 'natural' IgM, spontaneously secreted serum antibodies predominately reactive to self antigens

150 ogically subdominant to the head in terms of serum antibody production and antigen-specific B and Tfh

151 ll populations during infection or decreased serum antibody production, as IL-6 KO mice had similar c

152 Maternal serum antibody protects infants from RSV disease.

153 Serum antibody reactivity to this peptide epitope increa

154 We found that (i) serum antibodies recognized an average of 6 ORFs per ser

155 An unexpectedly high fraction of serum antibodies recognized both the H1 and H3 monovalen

156 Serum antibodies recognizing the MCPyV capsid protein VP

157 concentrations of circulating antibodies in serum (antibody repertoire) is a fundamental, yet poorly

158 dies, the molecular composition of the human serum antibody repertoire to an antigen remains unknown.

159 As expected, serum antibody response against influenza A strains were

160 ubcutaneous LVS vaccination induced a robust serum antibody response dominated by IgM, IgG2a, and IgG

161 SAL and alpha2,3SAL and generates a stronger serum antibody response in animals.

162 However, the F-protein-specific serum antibody response in hamsters was increased for th

163 2,3SAL), and a single dose induces a minimal serum antibody response in mice and ferrets.

164 mmunization elicited a stronger neutralizing serum antibody response to laboratory-adapted HIV-1 stra

165 nza A virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) elicited a recall serum antibody response to M2 protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 in

166 ces in immunoglobulin G deposition or in the serum antibody response to oxidized low-density lipoprot

167 M2 did not induce a detectable neutralizing serum antibody response, and inclusion of M2 with HA or

168 ate that induces a superior RSV-neutralizing serum antibody response.

169 nked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response.

170 espiratory tract of ferrets and an increased serum antibody response.

171 VA-based vaccines encoding HA induced potent serum antibody responses against homologous H1 or H5 HAs

172 nized with the vesicle preparation developed serum antibody responses against vesicle components that

173 magnitude and durability of antigen-specific serum antibody responses and (ii) autologous and heterol

174 administration of adjuvants enhanced anti-P1 serum antibody responses and affected both epitope speci

175 Inactivated rPIV5-H5 primed neutralizing serum antibody responses and controlled H5N1 virus repli

176 5 (ZL46) rapidly induced robust neutralizing serum antibody responses and protected against HPAI chal

177 ted in rapid elicitation of broad and potent serum antibody responses in all four cows.

178 gainst the 1999 Workshop's postulate of weak serum antibody responses in patients with GAgP and shows

179 itude of influenza virus-specific B-cell and serum antibody responses in relation to virus replicatio

180 mucosally administered vaccines often induce serum antibody responses of lower magnitude than those i

181 mutant strains, we compared cross-protective serum antibody responses of mice immunized with 7 diverg

182 Serum antibody responses peaked at day 7 after the first

183 0 protein boost could be optimized to induce serum antibody responses similar to those induced by an

184 and i.m. routes to induce serum antibody responses similar to those induced by i.m

185 a multivalent VLP vaccine showed high-titer serum antibody responses that potently cross-neutralized

186 ious RSV generated anti-F and anti-G protein serum antibody responses that were stable over 14 months

187 l 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, we characterized serum antibody responses to 2009 H1N1 virus in 87 indivi

188 es to influenza A/H3N2 using cross-sectional serum antibody responses to four strains in children age

189 9 International Workshop postulate of robust serum antibody responses to infecting agents in localize

190 The serum antibody responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ind

191 Serum antibody responses were assessed by competitive Lu

192 Strong serum antibody responses were detected after a single su

193 Vaccine antigen-specific serum antibody responses were detected in both the intra

194 Serum antibody responses were determined by a hemaggluti

195 Serum antibody responses were determined by means of hem

196 and duration of virus shedding in stool and serum antibody responses were similar to that observed i

197 ting Env to CD40 gave more robust T cell and serum antibody responses with broader epitope representa

198 bial burden by several species, and selected serum antibody responses).

199 d and previously infected animals had robust serum antibody responses, we found key differences in T-

200 d rMV(EZ)EGFP(6) did not induce satisfactory serum antibody responses, whereas both in vitro and in v

201 FMP2.1/AS01 elicited anti-AMA1 T-cell and serum antibody responses.

202 of specific immune cells to the airways, and serum antibody responses.

203 gG3 comprised the predominant anti-Chlamydia serum antibody responses.

204 N1 viral titers post-challenge correlated to serum antibody responses; however, enhanced protection w

205 72.2-87.2]; p<0.0001), along with suboptimal serum antibody (seroconversion in six of 118 [5%, 1.9-10

206 COVID-19 subjects tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies showed positive immunoglobulin M or imm

207 A general strategy to identify serum antibody specificities associated with a given dis

208 was detected in the absence of accompanying serum antibody specificities.

209 earch indicates that gut-microbiota-specific serum antibodies targeting an epitope conserved among Gr

210 these mice led to a decrease in the titer of serum antibodies targeting glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

211 Most patients have serum antibodies targeting the aquaporin-4 water channel

212 M. genitalium-specific serum antibodies targeting the immunodominant MgpB and M

213 In the pediatric population, elevated serum antibody targeting S. aureus alpha-toxin is correl

214 We tested the accuracy of the JCV serum antibody test by comparing the results of JCV sero

215 ibution of S. neurona exposure risk based on serum antibody testing and assessed risk factors for exp

216 ine phenotyping by flow cytometry along with serum antibody testing in 18 kidney transplant recipient

217 HSV-2 and T. pallidum were detected by serum antibody testing.

218 s used included gastrointestinal symptoms or serum antibody tests.

219 es greater stalk-specific and cross-reactive serum antibodies than does vaccination with VSV-vectored

220 Serum antibodies that bind to the surface of neurons or

221 Recent studies show that serum antibodies that block HBGA binding correlate with

222 ccination with UV-EB and rCPAF-UV-EB induced serum antibodies that neutralized chlamydial infectivity

223 M(1) -M(5) ), we identified in the patient's serum antibodies that selectively bound to M(3) receptor

224 g mTOR activity caused a profound decline in serum antibodies that were specific for exogenous antige

225 hile there was some initial reduction in the serum antibodies, the spinal fluid antibodies remained p

226 ndent on maintenance of an adequate level of serum antibody through early childhood.

227 olyplexes not only induced multi-fold higher serum antibody titer in comparison to all other formulat

228 ain reaction (RT-PCR) or a >/=4-fold rise in serum antibody titer measured by hemagglutination inhibi

229 us and diphtheria as defined by a protective serum antibody titer of >/=0.01 IU/mL.

230 nization of chi10069(pYA5199) induced strong serum antibody titers (log(10) mean value, 4.2), secreto

231 01), splenomegaly (P < .0001), and increased serum antibody titers (P < .01), whereas control mice di

232 nalysis to evaluate the relationship between serum antibody titers against 19 selected oral microorga

233 Adjuvanted vaccines stimulated robust serum antibody titers against HA and neuraminidase compa

234 ant in determining systemic immunity such as serum antibody titers and memory CD8(+) T cells in the s

235 ptive immune response was evaluated based on serum antibody titers and production of T cell-derived c

236 The HRV dose increases antirotavirus serum antibody titers and the proportion of infants with

237 loss, with a reduction in anti-P. gingivalis serum antibody titers compared with wild-type infected c

238 n, evidenced by high anti-nucleoprotein (NP) serum antibody titers early, while there is still active

239 MF59 enhanced the magnitude and kinetics of serum antibody titers following vaccination, and induced

240 We performed cross-sectional analysis of serum antibody titers in 546 adult subjects stratified b

241 8- and 30-fold increases of RSV-neutralizing serum antibody titers in the presence and absence of add

242 re workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in

243 e-N position elicited higher GP neutralizing serum antibody titers than the N-P viruses, and unmodifi

244 We also observed markedly reduced serum antibody titers to GD3, which may allow for a popu

245 Serum antibody titers to vaccine-related antigens were m

246 immunized mice elicited significantly higher serum antibody titers toward EBGP or its mutants, as det

247 Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and serum antibody titers were assessed.

248 llness (MAARI) and pre- and postsurveillance serum antibody titers were monitored.

249 Whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence serum antibody titers were recorded among infertile wome

250 Despite a decline in stalk-specific serum antibody titers, sequential sH1N1 influenza virus-

251 ad persistently high cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibody titers, which may be of prognostic signif

252 sting of stool samples or 4-fold increase in serum antibody titers.

253 and transgenic expression of BCL2 increased serum antibody titers.

254 by virus detection and/or >/=4-fold rise in serum antibody titers.

255 Serum antibody titres for anti-tTG and anti-DGP antibodi

256 years who underwent determination of BP and serum antibodies to 21 periodontal microorganisms.

257 Serum antibodies to Ag85A and MVA were only induced afte

258 h allow the parallel measurement of multiple serum antibodies to autoantigens and peptides.

259 a cutoff of three SD above the control mean, serum antibodies to D2R or NR1 were detected in 8 of 43

260 can be identified based on the detection of serum antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides (DGPs).

261 Serum antibodies to H. pylori in general and the cytotox

262 SP60 and the quantities and specificities of serum antibodies to HSP60 provide a biomarker to monitor

263 Volunteers with no measurable serum antibodies to influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 receiv

264 combined data sets indicated the presence of serum antibodies to KIR4.1 in 186 of 397 persons with mu

265 ponses were detected in both groups, whereas serum antibodies to MVA were only detectable after intra

266 d by oxidative stress and that the levels of serum antibodies to oral bacteria might be an intermedia

267 Serum antibodies to pandemic H1N1 NA were observed in al

268 es, these results suggest that pretransplant serum antibodies to peroxisomal-trans-2-enoyl-coA-reduct

269 ent in glaucoma includes increased titers of serum antibodies to retina and optic nerve proteins, alt

270 This is the first report of serum antibodies to surface D2R and NR1 in pediatric pat

271 Serum antibodies to the E6, E7, E1, E2, and L1 proteins

272 trong correlation between the sensitivity of serum antibodies to the maturation state of DENV and cel

273 We measured serum antibodies to the neuraminidase (NA) of pandemic H

274 Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins

275 -phase or nonneutralizing rotavirus-specific serum antibodies to the systemic compartment of severe-c

276 ndicates that <5% patients with sCJD develop serum antibodies to these neuronal antigens and, when po

277 with modified PfEMP1 expression to quantify serum antibodies to VSAs among individuals exposed to ma

278 A low level of serum antibody to antigens expressed by Streptococcus pn

279 Infant immunity was defined by presence of serum antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen among chil

280 Significant differences in serum antibody to multiple oral bacteria were found in a

281 HIV-1 gp140 induced extraordinary titers of serum antibody to the 2F5 ELDKWA epitope but little or n

282 Serum antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza vi

283 Serum antibody to the pH1N1 and seasonal A/H1N1 viruses

284 The RSV serum antibodies, vaccine shedding, and reactogenicity w

285 ntly, the avidity of tetanus toxoid-specific serum antibodies was substantially lower in these subjec

286 HPV 6/11/16/18 serum antibody was detected using a multiplexed, competi

287 ASC trafficking to bone marrow nor antiviral serum antibody was reduced relative to levels in control

288 ol or urine microscopy for larvae or eggs or serum antibodies were calculated with a random-effects m

289 Serum antibodies were detected in 21/48 (44%) patients:

290 NA hybridization analysis, and corresponding serum antibodies were determined by ELISA.

291 -propionate receptors (AMPA-R) (GluR1/GluR2) serum antibodies were determined.

292 The results showed that the majority of serum antibodies were directed to the E1 region 211 to 2

293 Serum antibodies were measured and evaluated for 36 cuta

294 Immunoglobulin M and/or G borrelial serum antibodies were present in 72 patients (50%).

295 GlcNAc-reactive B-1 clonotypes and serum antibodies were reduced in germ-free mice compared

296 as completely cleared from nasal samples and serum antibodies were still undetectable.

297 of Pfs25-CP VLPs plus Alhydrogel(R) induced serum antibodies with complete transmission blocking act

298 7- to 15-fold higher titers of RSV-specific serum antibodies with high neutralizing activity, as wel

299 id assay detected HIV and Treponema pallidum serum antibodies with sensitivities of 100% (95% confide

300 nes confer protection via the elicitation of serum antibodies, yet more than 100 y after the discover