ライフサイエンスコーパス: shale

1 MRS, but not in the host sandstone and black shale.

2 ffect fracture evolution in a carbonate-rich shale.

3 r all these samples except Marcellus outcrop shale.

4 as being possibly older than that of Barnett Shale.

5 r or CO2 for gas production in the Marcellus shale.

6 measurement for nanoporous material such as shale.

7 cally heterogeneous rock from the Eagle Ford shale.

8 anic/mineral microstructure of the Marcellus Shale.

9 ost reactive of the abundant minerals in the shale.

10 fluids leach more recalcitrant phases in the shale.

11 h detrital quartz and the clay matrix in the shale.

12 1), yet consistent with weathering of marine shale.

13 rshed hillslope transect underlain by marine shale.

14 high maturity is dry, consistent with actual shales.

15 modal characterization of kerogen in organic shales.

16 an artificially matured series of New Albany Shales.

17 er-hosted and clay-associated pores in these shales.

18 hways through the porous/permeable phases in shales.

19 ations and in groundwater systems containing shales.

20 ock that define the anisotropic behaviour of shales.

21 of propane and butane sorption isotherms in shales.

22 ced water in cooler, more acidic, and saline shales.

23 the presence of clays and other minerals in shales.

24 ell as modern, Cretaceous, and Archean black shales.

25 an iconic soft-bodied taxon from the Burgess Shale [1-3].

26 ionately exposed to flares in the Eagle Ford shale, a pattern known as environmental injustice, which

27 tal U (20-57%) was released from these three shales after reaction with fracture fluid, indicating th

28 acent to and most likely below the Marcellus Shale, although such deep brines have not yet been obtai

29 Type I kerogen was isolated from Green River Shale and characterized using SEM, TGA, DSC, and nitroge

30 brian hyolith Haplophrentis from the Burgess Shale and Spence Shale Lagerstatten.

31 mplete set of stable noble gases for Barnett Shale and Strawn Group production gas together with stra

32 Production of oil from shale and tight reservoirs accounted for almost 50% of 2

33 us fossils which contribute up to 90% of oil shales and approximately 1% of crude oil, co-localise wi

34 to 10(-22) m(2)), representative of many gas shales and caprocks present in Europe.

35 are prominent in many unconventional oil/gas shales and is a potential contaminant in flowback/produc

36 iso-butane as well as carbon dioxide for two shales and isolated kerogens determined by a gravimetric

37 eter, these rocks differed markedly from the shales and volcanic rocks of local hills.

38 ol microbial activity in hot and/or alkaline shales, and may return along with its aqueous transforma

39 ments-based weathering rates from subsurface shale are high, amounting to base cation exports of abou

40 Gas yields from HPWP of UK Bowland Shales are comparable with those from degassed cores, wi

41 s that significant proportions of U in three shales are mobile upon stimulation.

42 e shale oil development using the Eagle Ford Shale as a case study.

43 area >10x higher than that in the unreacted shale as shown by xCT analyses.

44 lence of OM in clays within BIF and clays in shales associated with BIF.

45 emical and mechanical heterogeneity of OM in shale at the nanoscale, orders of magnitude finer than a

46 rends towards lower delta(82/76)Se values in shales before and after all Neoproterozoic glaciations,

47 parable to fossils from the Cambrian Burgess Shale biota.

48 ts it could rival the Chengjiang and Burgess Shale biotas.

49 h the capillary pressure of water/oil/gas in shale can be obtained from MICP.

50 Adaptations to shale, coal beds, etc., are possible.

51 ous materials such as hydrated cement paste, shale, coal, and some other rocks and soils have already

52 antiscalants in experiments with and without shale contact and is driven in part by addition of disso

53 During the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in October, 2013, ground-base

54 g different HFFs through fractured Marcellus shale cores at reservoir temperature and pressure (66 de

55 mechanisms like quartz dissolution linked to shale degradation.

56 Pressure and shale did not affect GA transformation and/or removal fr

57 emediation of products from the oil sand and shale (e.g., Dilbit and Bakken oil).

58 r sclerite" in the (middle Cambrian) Burgess Shale euarthropods Helmetia expansa and Odaraia alata an

59 dissolution, interaction with pore fluids or shale exchangeable sites, or fluid migration through fra

60 e reactions, such as through the reaction of shale-extracted chloride, bromide, and iodide with stron

61 l analyses of the Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Famennian Stage).

62 hane found in groundwater within the Barnett Shale footprint in Texas using dissolved noble gases, wi

63 arnett Coordinated Campaign over the Barnett Shale formation in Texas.

64 drawing from aquifers overlying the Barnett shale formation of Texas.

65 stewaters that originated from the Marcellus Shale formation.

66 mful namely those compounds originating from shale formations (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

67 d for more accessible energy resources makes shale formations increasingly important.

68 rface following hydraulic fracturing of deep shale formations to retrieve oil and natural gas.

69 In nanoporous media such as tight-shale formations, where the typical pore size is less th

70 cross temporally and geographically distinct shale formations.

71 eter scale into fault zones in limestone and shale formations.

72 e oil and gas extraction from unconventional shale formations.

73 ry standard for extracting hydrocarbons from shale formations.

74 izing macro-organisms in thinly bedded black shale from Zavkhan Province, western Mongolia.

75 delta(238)U measurements of Rhuddanian black shales from the Murzuq Basin, Libya.

76 structure and permeability of Early Jurassic shales from the UK (Whitby Mudstone), under intact and f

77 The expansion of unconventional shale gas and hydraulic fracturing has increased the vol

78 ver hydro had moderate overlap (0.56), while shale gas and onshore wind had low overlap with top cons

79 e last decade due to the interest to exploit shale gas and renewable resources to obtain the gaseous

80 ric CH(4) is not dominated by emissions from shale gas and shale oil developments.

81 ns from wetlands and cattle, as well as from shale gas and shale oil developments.

82 GHG emissions from shale gas are 1000 times higher than those from renewabl

83 d methane emission estimates in a major U.S. shale gas basin resolved from west to east show (i) simi

84 Coalbed methane (CBM) and shale gas become two most important unconventional natur

85 rowth in U.S. ethylene production due to the shale gas boom is affecting the U.S. chemical industry's

86 nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous

87 n opportunity for upgrading light alkanes in shale gas by reacting with CO(2) to produce aldehydes an

88 zation of ethane, a substantial component of shale gas deposits, at mild conditions remains a signifi

89 Shale gas desorption and loss is a serious and common ph

90 e characteristics, capability, and origin of shale gas desorption are significant for understanding t

91 eldspar exhibits a positive correlation with shale gas desorption capability due to its large pores b

92 Here, the shale gas desorption capability was quantitatively evalu

93 res increase, leading to a rapid decrease in shale gas desorption capability.

94 The results show that the shale gas desorption process within the Longmaxi Formati

95 eastern Sichuan Basin was studied based on a shale gas desorption simulation experiment, combined wit

96 increasing the resolution of EBA in areas of shale gas development by using basic hydrochemical param

97 treams that drain lands across a gradient of shale gas development intensity were sampled.

98 s study, we examine the potential impacts of shale gas development on regional NOx emission inventori

99 clude crucial parameters for EBA in areas of shale gas development such as methane concentrations.

100 ective options for habitat conservation near shale gas development.

101 mpact assessment methods estimate the HTI of shale gas electricity to be 1-2 orders of magnitude less

102 production to constrain the contribution of shale gas emissions to observed atmospheric increases in

103 reservoir accumulation mechanism and guiding shale gas exploration.

104 We find that US shale gas extracted since 2008 has volume-weighted-avera

105 ction activity, NOx emissions densities from shale gas extraction are substantial and are estimated t

106 Shale gas extraction processes generate a large amount o

107 e release in shale matrix-a limiting step in shale gas extraction.

108 is of great research interests for optimized shale gas extraction.

109 lies from Russia, Central Asia, and domestic shale gas fields, the supply-energy-weighted average GHG

110 Organic contaminants in shale gas flowback and produced water (FPW) are traditio

111 l model of two-phase water and gas flow in a shale gas formation to test the hypothesis that the rema

112 Hydraulic fracturing in shale gas formations involves the injection of large vol

113 possibility of CO2 sequestration in depleted shale gas formations, motivated by large storage capacit

114 Although production of shale gas has increased rapidly since 2008, and CH(4) em

115 stimate of the lifecycle carbon footprint of shale gas in China could be approximately 15-60% higher

116 We find shale gas in China has a good chance of delivering air q

117 The low-cost and abundant supply of shale gas in the United States has increased the interes

118 onversion of propane or butanes from natural/shale gas into propene or butenes, which are indispensab

119 find the mean lifecycle carbon footprint of shale gas is about 30-50% lower than that of coal in all

120 ty impact (HTI) of electricity produced from shale gas is lower than the HTI of electricity produced

121 Exploration for shale gas occurs in onshore basins, with two approaches

122 The shale gas of the Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern

123 Shale gas pipeline development can have negative environ

124 ons of the extent of recoverable reserves in shale gas plays globally.

125 challenging industrial wastewaters, such as shale gas produced water.

126 yl sulfate) and mineral oil, as well as with shale gas produced water.

127 set stationary source emission reductions in shale gas producing regions of the U.S.

128 Despite massive success of shale gas production in the US in the last few decades t

129 from regions that account for >97% of global shale gas production to constrain the contribution of sh

130 ted networks is an effective way to increase shale gas production.

131 rption are significant for understanding the shale gas reservoir accumulation mechanism and guiding s

132 oirs compared to the high recovery factor in shale gas reservoirs in a unifying way.

133 during the hydraulic fracturing treatment in shale gas reservoirs.

134 As the environmental impact of shale gas rises, identifying functional relations betwee

135 taset of delta(13)C(CH4) from >1600 produced shale gas samples from regions that account for >97% of

136 Further, an implausible shale gas scenario where all fracturing fluid and untrea

137 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from China's shale gas system and compares them with GHG emissions fr

138 eedstocks available in large quantities from shale gas that are changing the economics of manufacturi

139 mpting to duplicate the rapid development of shale gas that has taken place in the United States.

140 on of Pennsylvania; unconventional Marcellus shale gas wells generally yield HFFF enriched in alkalin

141 s and HFFF from two unconventional Marcellus shale gas wells were characterized and mixed in batch re

142 ty of injection of large amounts of CO2 into shale gas wells.

143 Therefore, emission increases from shale gas would contribute to an opposite atmospheric de

144 bon recovery from unconventional reservoirs (shale gas) is debated due to its environmental impact an

145 arms, run-of-river hydro) and non-renewable (shale gas) sources in British Columbia (BC), Canada usin

146 both from conventional natural gas and from shale gas, are explicitly analyzed.

147 ssion reductions when switching from coal to shale gas, we estimate the breakeven methane leakage rat

148 ed BPA in both surface water and hypersaline shale gas-produced water.

149 Application to three shale gas-producing regions shows that CO2 can only be i

150 CO2 reduction pathway, not from thermogenic shale gas.

151 missions and upgrade underutilized ethane in shale gas.

152 her for the treatment of produced water from shale gas/oil development, or minimizing the environment

153 that water in that sample recharged prior to shale-gas development, suggesting that land-surface rele

154 were located in areas with high densities of shale-gas or conventional oil/gas wells.

155 ions) that appears to have been mobilized by shale-gas production activities.

156 land-surface releases associated with recent shale-gas production and for the time required to flush

157 g that land-surface releases associated with shale-gas production were not the source of those hydroc

158 ted <1 km (proximal) and >1 km (distal) from shale-gas wells in upland areas of the Marcellus Shale r

159 Natural gas extraction from Marcellus Shale generates large quantities of flowback water that

160 We find in shales >80% of OM occurs in clays, but <1% occurs in cla

161 In Quebec (Canada), the Utica Shale has been identified as having unconventional gas p

162 the elevated (49)Ti/(47)Ti ratios in Archean shales, has been used to argue for ongoing subduction at

163 Shales have a well-known anisotropic directional permeab

164 Shale host rock and containment potential are largely de

165 plays, but relatively little is known about shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) reactions within

166 he Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas were sampled for chem

167 been completely closed by secondary creep of shale in less than a million years.

168 ulically fractured Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin, USA, contain high levels

169 The Marcellus Shale in the northeastern U.S. has seen dramatic increas

170 a porosity-generating reaction initiates in shale in three boreholes across the landscape.

171 eatures controlling hydrocarbon release from shales in hydraulic fracture systems, organic matter dec

172 ithin the producing portion of the Marcellus Shale, including exchangeable sites and carbonate cement

173 The permeability of Nash Point Shale increases from a pre-fracture value of 10(-18) to

174 Artificial fracturing of this shale increases its permeability by 2-5 orders of magnit

175 In the Barnett Shale, intermittent sources accounted for 14-30% of the

176 Shale is an increasingly viable source of natural gas an

177 n of oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) from shale is increasing rapidly in North America, with docum

178 Understanding the gas adsorption behavior on shale is necessary for the design of optimal gas recover

179 f unconventional gas resource from Marcellus Shale is the presence of naturally occurring radioactive

180 ight reservoirs such as tight sandstones and shales is crucial for extracting oil/gas from such reser

181 The permeability of shales is important, because it controls where oil and g

182 aracterization analysis of the reconstructed shales is performed, including porosity, pore size distr

183 Pore connectivity in shales is poorly understood because most of the porosity

184 Pyrite, which is common in organic-rich shales, is a potential source of toxic elements, includi

185 lophrentis from the Burgess Shale and Spence Shale Lagerstatten.

186 ique often used to extract hydrocarbons from shales, large volumes of water are injected into the sub

187 solution of carbonate minerals in Eagle Ford shale leads to the physical detachment, and mobilization

188 ecimens from several middle Cambrian Burgess Shale localities in British Columbia, many of which pres

189 udy of U speciation was carried out on three shales (Marcellus, Green River, and Barnett).

190 uld increase the overall gas permeability of shale mass about 10,000x.

191 The gas flow in shale matrix is of great research interests for optimize

192 hanistic understanding of methane release in shale matrix-a limiting step in shale gas extraction.

193 rediction of gas adsorption and migration in shale matrix.

194 iveness and accuracy of the 3D reconstructed shale microstructure is needed.

195 at mineral changes from HFF interaction with shale might have on gas production.

196 of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% effici

197 c events that produced the natural cracks in shale must have also created weak layers with nanocracki

198 of mercury droplets confined in organic-rich shale nanopores.

199 REE concentrations and shale-normalized profiles can be used as natural tracers

200 n and reduced fetal growth in the Eagle Ford Shale of south Texas.

201 l crust exposed to weathering and found that shales of all ages have a uniform isotopic composition.

202 th local seawater redox data for Mesoarchean shales of the Mozaan Group (Pongola Supergroup, South Af

203 ues from approximately 2.31-billion-year-old shales of the Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations in

204 y of geochemical parameters, including known shale OG geochemical tracers, and microbial and benthic

205 und between the intensity of OG development, shale OG geochemical tracers, or benthic macroinvertebra

206 ventional Saudi oil 0.040 tCO2e/bbl or mined shale oil >0.300 tCO2e/bbl.

207 The environmental impact of shale oil and gas production by hydraulic fracturing (fr

208 The number of horizontally drilled shale oil and gas wells in the United States has increas

209 aft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus and 2015 Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus campaigns.

210 was to quantify the water outlook for future shale oil development using the Eagle Ford Shale as a ca

211 ot dominated by emissions from shale gas and shale oil developments.

212 ds and cattle, as well as from shale gas and shale oil developments.

213 The recent growth in the United States shale oil production and the lack of refineries in Canad

214 oduction and explains the poor recovery from shale oil reservoirs compared to the high recovery facto

215 lecular weight PAM, including the effects of shale, oxygen, temperature, pressure, and salinity.

216 rom well pads was conducted in the Marcellus shale (Pennsylvania), the largest producing natural gas

217 d radiogenic isotopes suggest that the Utica Shale Play brines are likely residual pore water concent

218 Utica Shale Play brines have radium activities 580 times the E

219 om source rocks obtained from the Eagle Ford shale play in Texas.

220 sylvania), the largest producing natural gas shale play in the United States, to better identify the

221 unt of salt produced annually from the Utica Shale Play is equivalent to 3.4% of the annual U.S. hali

222 il and natural gas development in the Bakken shale play of North Dakota has grown substantially since

223 The narrow range of chemistry for the Utica Shale Play produced waters (e.g., total dissolved solids

224 ts new brine chemical analyses from 16 Utica Shale Play wells in Ohio and Pennsylvania.

225 in oil and gas production in the Eagle Ford shale play, Texas, one of the most productive regions in

226 pical oil/gas reservoir within the Marcellus Shale play.

227 sively, there are few studies from the Utica Shale Play.

228 The Utica and Marcellus Shale Plays in the Appalachian Basin are the fourth and

229 ring for gas production is now ubiquitous in shale plays, but relatively little is known about shale-

230 d sites and the public are adequate in three shale plays.

231 ring in the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.

232 within the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.

233 spite significant capacity variation between shale plays.

234 s size distributions and low connectivity of shale pores.

235 Marcellus Shale produced water values do not overlap with drilling

236 solids that are characteristic of Marcellus Shale produced water.

237 Here, we show that Marcellus Shale produced waters contain some of the heaviest Ba (h

238 t atmospheric noble gas signature of Barnett Shale production gas.

239 natural gas production sites in the Barnett Shale production region (Texas).

240 anes from oil and gas sources in the Barnett Shale production region has been developed.

241 ormation, and it is mainly determined by the shale properties.

242 ough a single fracture mini-core of Niobrara Shale provided the experimental observations for the dev

243 quential chemical extractions: unreacted and shale-reacted with a synthetic hydraulic fracture fluid.

244 or for natural gas wellpads in the Marcellus shale region of Pennsylvania (U.S.), a region of extensi

245 rize the extent of flaring in the Eagle Ford Shale region of south Texas, one of the most productive

246 measurement flights conducted in the Barnett Shale region versus the estimated emission rates for eac

247 e-gas wells in upland areas of the Marcellus Shale region were analyzed for chemical, isotopic, and g

248 mobile flux plane (MFP) system and a Barnett Shale regional methane emissions inventory, the rates of

249 and assessing the production potential of a shale reservoir under various stress conditions.

250 wells, this PW cannot be reinjected into the shale reservoirs but is disposed into nonproducing geolo

251 hydrocarbon productivity of unconventional (shale) reservoirs, which are complex in nature due to th

252 ggested the potential for the development of shale resources to affect nearby stream ecosystems.

253 metabolite data from the Marcellus and Utica shales revealed that many of the persisting organisms pl

254 e Permian Basin is being transformed by the "shale revolution" from a major conventional play to the

255 on of "hot" conodonts embedded in kerogenous shales rich in delta(18)O-depleted glendonites suggests

256 that the remaining water is imbibed into the shale rock by capillary forces and retained there indefi

257 of hydrocarbons from economically important shale rock formations.

258 the shale system, with most imbibed into the shale rock matrix and retained there for the long term.

259 olution digital rock 3D model of a Marcellus Shale rock sample.

260 eation of the first nano-3D-printed digital (shale) rock is reported.

261 The shale sample adsorbed some PAM ( approximately 30%), but

262 lickwater fracturing fluid exposed to both a shale sample collected from a Marcellus outcrop and to M

263 oyed to study the pore structure of four oil shale samples from leading Niobrara, Wolfcamp, Bakken, a

264 ng measurements of adsorbed CO2 in Marcellus Shale samples were conducted on the Near and InterMediat

265 In this study, two coal and two shale samples were evaluated to estimate fractal dimensi

266 find that delta(82/78)Se values in offshore shales show a positive excursion from 2.32 Ga until 2.1

267 Hydrocarbons mobilized from matured shale source rocks were utilized by subsurface microorga

268 on, and utilization of organic matter in oil shale source rocks.

269 cluding gas production from conventional and shale sources, contributed approximately 2% of U.S. natu

270 delta(65)CuERM-AE633) in organic carbon-rich shales spanning the period 2.66-2.08 Ga.

271 Since pore size in shales spans more than two orders of magnitude, a compro

272 With respect to shale standards, the REY distribution pattern in AMD is

273 es pyrite particles became detached from the shale surfaces.

274 jected water can be accounted for within the shale system, with most imbibed into the shale rock matr

275 to understanding multiphase flow behavior in shale systems.

276 a unique aspect of complex pore structure of shale, the discrepancy between pore structure results fr

277 bon production from source rocks such as gas shale, the interplay between kerogen's chemistry, morpho

278 rapolating our findings to the whole Bowland Shale, the maximum GIP equate to potentially economicall

279 at despite the vast numbers of micropores in shale, the micropores will be unavailable for storage fo

280 We analyzed weathering in shale, the most common rock exposed at Earth's surface,

281 Radiographic analysis of unreacted Marcellus shale thin sections shows U associated with detrital qua

282 ermeability unconventional formations (e.g., shales, tight sands, and coal seams) has raised concern

283 easured the titanium isotopic composition of shales to constrain the chemical composition of the cont

284 ydraulic fracturing fluids are injected into shales to extend fracture networks that enhance oil and

285 (GOE), and is traceable through Phanerozoic shales to modern marine settings, where marine dissolved

286 xceptional preservation are known as Burgess Shale-type (BST) deposits.

287 The Cambrian Burgess Shale-type biotas form a globally consistent ecosystem,

288 laeobiogeographic connection between Burgess Shale-type euarthropod communities in North Africa and S

289 Burgess Shale-type fossil Lagerstatten provide the best evidence

290 This is consistent with models of Burgess Shale-type preservation and indicates that internal tiss

291 ctural and mass transport characteristics of shales using micro and nano-computed tomography.

292 erved from the studied region of the Barnett Shale was 6.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) kg hr(-1) and consistent a

293 ent (stress) on porosity and permeability of shales was investigated using two digital rock 3D models

294 the 'weird wonders' of the Cambrian Burgess Shale, was to consider them representatives of extinct p

295 for collision mode) for synthetic Marcellus Shale wastewater (MSW) samples with total dissolved soli

296 This study investigated six Fayetteville Shale wastewater samples for organic composition using a

297 Two types of samples for each shale were subjected to sequential chemical extractions:

298 The sorption measurements of two shales were performed at three different temperatures, 3

299 omprehensive model for real gas transport in shales with complex non-planar fracture network.

300 of benthic animals are often found in black shales with geochemical evidence for deposition in marin