ライフサイエンスコーパス: snake

1 defining features of squamates (lizards and snakes).

2 gination like a rapid strike from a venomous snake.

3 obra, a highly venomous, medically important snake.

4 orming the jaw articulation evolve faster in snakes.

5 atively impacting reproductive output of the snakes.

6 pport a terrestrial, nonfossorial origin for snakes.

7 se (IBD), a serious transmissible disease of snakes.

8 ses from five clinically relevant species of snakes.

9 as mammals and diverse groups of lizards and snakes.

10 ious disease originally described in captive snakes.

11 ophiodiicola and SFD occur in wild European snakes.

12 nd was present in the common ancestor of all snakes.

13 of turtles and not in the eyes of anoles and snakes.

14 erlie the extreme elongation of the trunk in snakes.

15 limb development were not completely lost in snakes.

16 ppression events in the ancestor of advanced snakes.

17 consumed significantly higher percentages of snakes.

18 e of vertebrates, including fish, but not in snakes.

19 atterns in the distribution and abundance of snakes.

20 stor with a recently described deltavirus in snakes.

21 e coevolutionary arms race between newts and snakes.

22 rophic loss of amphibians, a food source for snakes.

23 chromosome in Thamnophis and other advanced snakes.

24 attributed to a dim-light lifestyle of early snakes [2-4].

25 when dispatching larger lizards and venomous snakes [5].

26 ose to alpha1-heme while its aliphatic chain snakes along a shallow cavity making hydrophobic interac

27 ening of the mouth' procedure was found in a snake, along with indicators of the poor conditions in w

28 pression of human neuromuscular signaling by snake alpha-neurotoxins.

29 mparative analyses with other representative snake and lizard genomes.

30 Finally, we show that snake and mouse orthologous enhancer sequences can displ

31 tionary fate of the rods in a diurnal garter snake and test two competing hypotheses: (i) that the ro

32 c patterns of facultative parthenogenesis in snakes and a sex-linked color mutation in the ball pytho

33 erosaurs, birds, and bats or limblessness in snakes and amphisbaenians, can be recognized as classica

34 ritating sprays, and mimicry of plant parts, snakes and bird droppings, has been extensively document

35 ural creatures, from fish and cephalopods to snakes and birds, combine neural control, sensory feedba

36 lvinar: feedforward processing for images of snakes and cortico-pulvinar-cortical integration for ima

37 recapitulate aspects of these failure-prone snakes and elucidate how re-encountering previously defo

38 at the tuatara lineage diverged from that of snakes and lizards around 250 million years ago.

39 hini blennies and shows that, in contrast to snakes and lizards, the fangs pre-date the venom.

40 y models are more appropriate for monitoring snakes and other elusive species, but that population tr

41 e analyses of wild type versus lavender corn snakes and show that the color-producing endosomes of al

42 of gamma oscillations in the Early phase for snakes and the Late phase for monkey faces, but no signi

43 The complex body postures of some snakes and the unknown physics of most terrestrial mater

44 ranids, in addition to iguanas, caenophidian snakes, and lacertid lizards, are another squamate group

45 cales adorn the exterior surfaces of fishes, snakes, and many reptiles.

46 ern of hippocampal organization (in lizards, snakes, and the tuatara Sphenodon) that differs substant

47 le species, including crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and tuataras, with negative impacts on conservat

48 lium of ciliary body of garter snakes, queen snakes, anole lizards, snapping turtles, and painted tur

49 Although advanced snakes are completely limbless, basal and intermediate s

50 Snakes are descended from highly visual lizards [1] but

51 shifts to mimetic coloration in nonvenomous snakes are highly correlated with coral snakes in both s

52 e show that the exceptionally long trunks of snakes are likely to result from heterochronic changes i

53 l relatively distantly related Hydrophis sea snakes are polymorphic for shortwave sensitive visual pi

54 Viperid snakes are responsible for the majority of envenomings,

55 fact, these populations of Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes are so resistant to TTX that the potential for cu

56 le, the shape, length, and branching of the "snake" arrays.

57 hromosomes and further enhances the value of snakes as a model for studying sex chromosome evolution.

58 nd might play an important role in detecting snakes as predators of primates.

59 e similarly explained by spatial factors but snake assemblages facing dry summers are more affected b

60 We used 218 snake assemblages to quantify the compositional (CBD) an

61 semblages, and determine the extent in which snake assemblages under distinct climatological regimes

62 elated factors best explain the structure of snake assemblages within a same climatological regime.

63 conditions in structuring the CBD and PBD of snake assemblages, and determine the extent in which sna

64 ct stages, including squamate (African house snake), birds (chicken, duck, pigeon, ostrich, emu and z

65 Pentastomiasis is an emerging snake-borne parasitic zoonosis in the tropics.

66 ers participated in the vocal mobbing of the snake both during and after the attack.

67 from the medically important South American snake, Bothrops moojeni.

68 rmance of a diversity of non-sand-specialist snakes but overestimates the capability of those snakes

69 foraged less in the presence of its familiar snake, but within a month both foraged less in the prese

70 ced innate and adaptive immune parameters of snakes, but in an immune-component specific manner.

71 onary arms race with TTX-resistant predatory snakes, but the source of TTX in newts is unknown.

72 ces of a missed strike when hunting venomous snakes can be deadly [5], so the kicking strikes of secr

73 verse phenotypes, exemplified by lizards and snakes, can and do arise from differential selection act

74 olean operators (e.g. transposable elements, snakes, carotenoid content, Doebley).

75 The snake caught the juvenile monkey on the ground during a

76 We studied a desert snake, Chionactis occipitalis, which uses a stereotyped

77 33 carcasses and 303 moulted skins from wild snakes collected from 2010-2016 in Great Britain and the

78 The demise of the snake community after amphibian loss demonstrates the re

79 We document the collapse of a Neotropical snake community after the invasive fungal pathogen Batra

80 After mass mortality of amphibians, the snake community contained fewer species and was more hom

81 sis epidemiology, which has implications for snake conservation.

82 f snake predators on Orchid Island, with the snakes consuming lizard eggs when green turtle eggs are

83 ted reproduction in a population of pitviper snakes (copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix), a live-bear

84 s given in response to leopards, eagles, and snakes could be well distinguished, while the inclusion

85 xin (called Tx7335) from eastern green mamba snake (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom.

86 tnatal retinal growth in squamates (lizards, snakes), despite their exceptional array of ecologies an

87 nsistent with previous studies, and with the Snake Detection Theory, the EPN was significantly larger

88 Within land vertebrate species, snakes display extreme variations in their body plan, ch

89 , specifically between female calls given to snakes, eagles and during aggression, as well as between

90 e study period in red snapper (58%) and king snake eel (37%), indicating likely episodic exposure, wh

91 lefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), king snake eel (Ophichthus rex), and red snapper (Lutjanus ca

92 The results suggest that the EPN snake effect is partly driven by snake skin scale patter

93 Rat snakes (Elaphe obsolete), which exclusively scavenged fr

94 er snake skin patterns and partially exposed snakes elicit a larger EPN in humans.

95 the pathogen has not been reported from wild snakes elsewhere.

96 eage reinstated full in vivo function to the snake enhancer.

97 e therapy to provide better treatment to the snake envenomation patients.

98 erapeutic strategies to ameliorate localized snake envenomation symptoms.

99 host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation.

100 Two groups have studied the loss of limbs in snake evolution by focusing on a long-distance cis-actin

101 bility that re-emergence of hindlimbs during snake evolution did not require de novo re-evolution of

102 sive loss of forelimbs then hindlimbs during snake evolution.

103 ayed a role in reduction of hindlimbs during snake evolution.

104 es of middle-wavelength cone opsins in early snake evolution.

105 Limb reduction and loss are hallmarks of snake evolution.

106 dicate fossorial adaptation, suggesting that snakes evolved from burrowing rather than marine ancesto

107 As amelanistic snakes exhibit white, instead of black, borders around a

108 Among vertebrates, squamates (lizards and snakes) exhibit remarkable morphological and development

109 sponses to the presentation of a fake rubber snake, fake spider, and neutral stimuli.

110 ermal conditions best explain CBD and PBD of snakes for the whole AF, whereas water-related factors b

111 snakes share features with fossil and modern snakes (for example, recurved teeth with labial and ling

112 il skin, from a 10 million-year-old colubrid snake from the Late Miocene Libros Lagerstatte (Teruel,

113 s been isolated from over 30 species of wild snakes from six families in North America.

114 Snakes from these populations show patterns of genetic a

115 We used a full-factorial design with snakes from two divergent life-history ecotypes, which a

116 Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging disease of con

117 Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyc

118 Snake genomes encode only two opsins for use in retinal

119 y, our genome could serve as a reference for snake genomes, support evolutionary studies and enable v

120 APAP-treated snakes had decreased lymphocyte and increased monocyte c

121 The snake has a serpentiform body plan with an elongate trun

122 However, mimicry of venomous coral snakes has remained controversial because of unresolved

123 Accordingly, snakes have been a well-studied model for sex chromosome

124 Snakes have numerous features distinctive from other tet

125 ngus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and threatens snake health worldwide.

126 phthalmus viridescens) and Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos).

127 a framework for our deep understanding into snakes' history of molecular evolution.

128 estigate different regulatory aspects at the snake HoxD locus.

129 in peptide derived from the venom of the sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocyntus, using in vivo models of in

130 mous snakes are highly correlated with coral snakes in both space and time, providing overwhelming su

131 Newts and snakes in northern populations show the highest degree o

132 cts stymied the locomotion of a diversity of snakes in our previous studies (Marvi et al., 2014) and

133 Conversely, newts and snakes in southern populations show the greatest mismatc

134 BD) and phylogenetic (PBD) beta-diversity of snakes in the Atlantic Forest (AF) hotspot, South Americ

135 finds them in a basal position to all other snakes including Najash.

136 carrying capacity were noted in APAP-treated snakes indicated by a 50-60% increase in methemoglobin l

137 Limbless animals like snakes inhabit most terrestrial environments, generating

138 -specific genetic markers reveals that these snakes instead possess XY sex chromosomes.

139 The developmental origin of snakes is best explained by decoupling of the primaxial

140 The lavender color morph in corn snakes is characterized by gray, rather than red, blotch

141 hysiological resistance in Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes is conferred by an alternate genetic mechanism.

142 The threat of predation by snakes is considered to have played a significant role i

143 sis that the genetic distinctiveness of Iowa snakes is due to a combination of isolation and historic

144 adapted functional types, and the origin of snakes is marked by the highest rates of phenotypic evol

145 s similar to that of most extant lizards and snakes (Lepidosauria)(5).

146 ategory to which the stimulus belongs (e.g., snake, lightning, and fish) [11].

147 Critically, our simulations reveal snake-like chains, over 40 A in length, which indicates

148 fferent cell morphology with highly flexible snake-like swarming cells.

149 c frustration: excess volume and correlated "snake-like" ionic transport; the latter infers correlate

150 y lay the foundation for swarming studies of snake-like, nonrod-shaped motile cell types.

151 ranscription factor binding site lost in the snake lineage reinstated full in vivo function to the sn

152 zards, shortly after the separation from the snake lineage.

153 oreover, legs may have re-emerged in extinct snake lineages [1-5], suggesting that the mechanisms of

154 quently evolved resistance in four different snake lineages beginning approximately 38 mya.

155 endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, which feed on snakes, lizards and small mammals [5].

156 2, we employed pictures of partially exposed snakes, lizards, and birds.

157 test if population sizes across lineages of snakes, lizards, turtles, mammals, birds, salamanders an

158 r natural phenomena from polymer dynamics to snake locomotion.

159 oxD chromatin structure is maintained at the snake locus.

160 by using alternative opsin alleles, some sea snakes may add a third opsin spectral class to their ret

161 We report that, unlike in other vertebrates, snake mesoderm-specific enhancers are mostly located wit

162 Snake microchromosomes are also enriched for venom genes

163 y 'end point' and suggesting that insect and snake mimicry may have different evolutionary dynamics.

164 calculation reveals how wave shape in these snakes minimizes material memory effects and optimizes e

165 onkeys respond strongly to partially exposed snake models and scale patterns on the snake skin.

166 discriminate 4 categories of visual stimuli (snakes, monkey faces, monkey hands and simple geometrica

167 p control incorporating previously described snake muscle activation patterns and body-buckling dynam

168 or monitoring an insular population of grass snakes (Natrix helvetica) and considered covariates infl

169 the group of nonconventional "three-finger" snake neurotoxins.

170 quantitative information on captures of 484 snakes of five species (rhinoceros vipers Bitis nasicorn

171 d dramatically different disease outcomes in snakes of the two species.

172 Island by reducing predation from egg-eating snakes (Oligodon formosanus); this predator is not abund

173 For snakes only, we observed a temporal hemifield advantage,

174 In Experiment 3, we presented pairs of snakes or neutral images into the temporal or nasal hemi

175 In contrast, replacement with snake orthologs caused severe limb reduction.

176 ophiodiicola has been isolated from captive snakes outside North America, the pathogen has not been

177 nearly chromosome-quality genome of the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus The assembly is 1.71 Gb long

178 Among snakes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-related toxins have evol

179 lopmental genes and sex chromosomes onto the snake phylogeny.

180 ras, taipans, etc.) and ~60 fully marine sea snakes, plus eight independently marine, amphibious sea

181 Monitoring snake populations can be demanding due to crypsis and lo

182 but have rarely been successfully applied to snake populations.

183 The belief that all snakes possess ZW sex chromosomes has prevailed for deca

184 ing Pacific newts (Taricha) and their garter snake predators (Thamnophis) in western North America ha

185 nary arms races between amphibians and their snake predators around the world, and reveals remarkable

186 nests is the cause for the high abundance of snake predators on Orchid Island, with the snakes consum

187 the potential 'escape' from the arms race by snake predators.

188 wn that nerve terminals exposed to spider or snake presynaptic neurotoxins degenerate as a result of

189 gmented epithelium of ciliary body of garter snakes, queen snakes, anole lizards, snapping turtles, a

190 predation rates (i.e., rates of predation by snakes, raptors, or mesocarnivores) did not differ among

191 s, which are responsible for the majority of snake-related deaths and injuries in Latin America.

192 nas, such as those found in diurnal colubrid snakes, remain a mystery.

193 Sampled snakes represented 34 species and 4 families; 27.5% had

194 age on the western edge of the range of this snake, represented by populations from Iowa, USA.

195 s indicated that isolates from European wild snakes reside in a clade distinct from the North America

196 orthern latitudes, and higher TTX levels and snake resistance at southern latitudes.

197 completely limbless, basal and intermediate snakes retain pelvic girdles and small rudiments of the

198 ly assembled transcriptome of the Cape coral snake reveals that organoids express high levels of toxi

199 Several intriguing features of garter snake rhodopsin are suggestive of a more cone-like funct

200 The Hells Canyon Complex (HCC) along the Snake River (Idaho-Oregon border, U.S.A.) encompasses th

201 or the Animas River particles to 45% for the Snake River particles, indicating that particle-bound, o

202 e Hawaiian-Emperor chain and the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain province.

203 n tholeiitic basaltic glass from Hawaii, the Snake River Plain, and Iceland, to investigate the onset

204 Snake River subyearling Chinook salmon smolts implanted

205 rating the phylogenetic similarity between a snake's diet and the species used to measure its potency

206 uated the rodents' risk-assessment from each snake-separately, together and in combination with barn

207 These ancient snakes share features with fossil and modern snakes (for

208 rs, biologists have accepted that all extant snakes share the same ZW sex chromosomes derived from a

209 reflecting its use in grasping prey, whereas snakes show a correlation between diet and the shape of

210 Here, we examined whether snake skin patterns and partially exposed snakes elicit

211 Theory, the EPN was significantly larger for snake skin pictures than for lizard skin and bird plumag

212 hat the EPN snake effect is partly driven by snake skin scale patterns which are otherwise rare in na

213 posed snake models and scale patterns on the snake skin.

214 sk 1, we employed pictures with close-ups of snake skins, lizard skins, and bird plumage.

215 ite possessing exaggerated traits, with some snakes so resistant to TTX they would be unaffected by a

216 c and phylogenetic data across all New World snake species to demonstrate that shifts to mimetic colo

217 ins that vary extensively between and within snake species.

218 expanding venom gland organoids from several snake species.

219 spectacularly demonstrate how transplanting snake-specific genetic changes found uniquely in serpent

220 We identified snake-specific sequence changes within an otherwise high

221 ortical facilitation, for ancestral threats (snakes, spiders), but not for modern threats, positive i

222 cies) of the living diversity of lizards and snakes (squamates), we investigate rates, trajectories a

223 Observations of the snakes suggested that during differential turning the an

224 respond to mapped gene expression domains in snakes, suggesting that their primaxial domain is patter

225 The three opsins present in snakes (SWS1, LWS, and RH1) have evolved under positive

226 However, populations of the common garter snake (T. sirtalis) have overcome this defense, largely

227 coevolution between predatory common garter snakes (Th. sirtalis) and their toxic newt prey exhibiti

228 ptive immune defences of captive-born garter snakes Thamnophis elegans using a reciprocal transplant

229 tudied interaction between the Sierra garter snake (Thamnophis couchii) and sympatric prey, the rough

230 an agent of selection upon predatory garter snakes (Thamnophis).

231 se, the EPN was larger for partially exposed snakes than for partially exposed lizards and birds.

232 vity (EPN) in response to pictures depicting snakes than to pictures depicting other creatures.

233 s (MTs) are natural toxins produced by mamba snakes that primarily bind to muscarinic acetylcholine r

234 er positive selection in elapids, and in sea snakes they have undergone multiple shifts in spectral s

235 kin lesions were mild in most cases, in some snakes they were severe and were considered likely to ha

236 oxin (TTX), has arisen in several species of snakes through coevolutionary arms races with toxic amph

237 Diving sea snakes thus appear to share parallel mechanisms of color

238 In laboratory experiments, we challenged snakes to move across a uniform substrate and through a

239 Juice blends made from the mixture of snake tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina) and Pineapple (A

240 The addition of snake tomato juice increased the vitamin C, total carote

241 In conclusion, snake tomato juice up to 50% may be added to Pineapple j

242 of juice blends containing a higher ratio of snake tomato were higher and samples stored at room temp

243 ntial of small peptides to neutralize lethal snake toxins in vitro, establishing a potential route to

244 abies virus glycoprotein, with homologies to snake toxins, has the ability to alter behaviour in anim

245 Using our captive-bred colony of corn snakes, transcriptomic and genomic next-generation seque

246 We study the desert-specialist shovel-nosed snake traversing a model sand and find body inertia is n

247 We expressed mammalian or snake TRP channels in light-insensitive retinal cones in

248 bust and reproducible repeated activation of snake TRPA1 channels heterologously expressed in non-neu

249 g localities, with lower newt TTX levels and snake TTX resistance at the northern latitudes, and high

250 newt tetrodotoxin (TTX) levels and matching snake TTX resistance.

251 ces in immunity previously documented in the snakes under field conditions.

252 is known about strike performance of viperid snakes under natural conditions.

253 We found that sea snakes underwent rapid adaptive diversification of their

254 r disparate evolutionary trends, lizards and snakes unexpectedly share a common pattern of trait inte

255 n analogous neofunctionalization occurred in snake venom alpha-neurotoxins upon loss of another pair

256 -4 does not afford direct protection against snake venom because it is actually a poor inhibitor of s

257 munoglobulins with the ability to neutralize snake venom components and to mitigate the progression o

258 oxinologists to comprehensively characterize snake venom compositions, unravel the molecular mechanis

259 ally tractable model system representing the snake venom gland.

260 Snake venom is well known for its ability to incapacitat

261 Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoprote

262 diversification of one prominent family, the snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) that play key rol

263 ith fractions of C. atrox venom suggest that snake venom metalloproteinases are largely responsible f

264 ers and inhibits the proteolytic activity of snake venom metalloproteinases from five clinically rele

265 C. atrox venom contains snake venom metalloproteinases that cleave fibrinogen in

266 at the MP-4 contributes significantly to the snake venom neutralization activity of M. pruriens seeds

267 ify the protein(s) that may be important for snake venom neutralization and elucidate its mechanism o

268 re, we outline the steps necessary to purify snake venom phosphodiesterase I (SVP) and describe two a

269 Enhanced stability against snake venom phosphodiesterase resulted from modification

270 ssessing phosphodiesterase activity, such as snake venom phosphodiesterase, mammalian ectonucleotide

271 e incorporation increases resistance against snake venom phosphodiesterase.

272 arative analysis of 102 species we show that snake venom potency is generally prey-specific.

273 y of research on snake venom, many facets of snake venom systems, such as the physiology and regulati

274 omplex between Varespladib and a PLA(2)-like snake venom toxin (MjTX-II).

275 with MT7, a subtype-selective anti-M(1)AChR snake venom toxin.

276 between antivenom antibodies and epitopes on snake venom toxins, a high-throughput immuno-profiling s

277 hole venom(s) and contain antibodies against snake venom toxins, but also against other antigens.

278 logy, provide insight into the regulation of snake venom, and broadly highlight the biological insigh

279 Despite the extensive body of research on snake venom, many facets of snake venom systems, such as

280 e protection to mice against Echis carinatus snake venom.

281 entially neutralize the proteases present in snake venom.

282 co plant extract (in agonist assay mode) and snake venoms (in mixed antagonist-agonist assay mode).

283 Varespladib was tested against several whole snake venoms and isolated PLA(2) toxins, demonstrating p

284 Snake venoms are important novel traits that are compris

285 Snake venoms are mixtures of toxins that vary extensivel

286 Snake venoms are variable protein mixtures with a multit

287 as MET coreceptor, and they explain how some snake venoms induce SIRS-like conditions.

288 oxins were detected from tobacco extract and snake venoms, respectively.

289 ic bioactives from mixtures of standards and snake venoms, revealing active peptides and coagulopathi

290 studies indicating that primates can detect snakes very rapidly and also cue in to faces for informa

291 dicators of the poor conditions in which the snake was kept when alive, leading to dehydration.

292 t reptiles [11-15] indicates that the fossil snake was pale-colored in ventral regions; dorsal and la

293 The proximate cause of death in APAP-treated snakes was likely acute methemoglobinemia and respirator

294 Snakes were elusive, with detectability increasing with

295 d prevalence in this state, 786 free-ranging snakes were examined for skin lesions consistent with op

296 The snakes were reoriented by the array in a manner reminisc

297 es but overestimates the capability of those snakes which suffer high lateral slipping of the body.

298 le ran to the scene, physically attacked the snake (with bites and hits), and pulled the victim to sa

299 a unique glimpse into ecological patterns of snakes within an African landscape half a century ago.

300 e most predators, and that Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes within newt range are highly resistant to TTX.