ライフサイエンスコーパス: soot

1 is identified as flame carbon (lampblack or soot).

2 oke, forest fires, coal, gasoline and diesel soot).

3 pproximately 5% (lacey soot) to 14% (compact soot).

4 Printex XE2-B in relation to diesel and HVO soot.

5 ith diverse functional groups to NIST diesel soot.

6 f oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot.

7 posed to mixtures of malathion and fullerene soot.

8 clic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of soot.

9 s on the concentration of PAHs desorbed from soot.

10 -MS to the concentration of PAHs adsorbed on soot.

11 Of those, 3364 particles are soot.

12 strial, purified, pristine, and oxidized) or soot.

13 sed for LII of light-absorbing kerosene lamp soot.

14 prene to the atmospheric aging of combustion soot.

15 not just exposure to high humidity, compacts soot.

16 comparing it with heat-treated fullerene arc-soot.

17 of the instrument (LOD(NO(2)) = 0.3 ppm, LOD(soot) = 0.54 mug m(-3), limit of detection/quantificatio

18 and the Hamaker constant was derived for the soot (1.4 x 10(-20) J) using the colloidal chemistry app

19 es of C (delta(13)C) and N (delta(15)N), (6) soot, (7) aciniform carbon, (8) cryptotephra, (9) mercur

20 dioxin-like toxins from hospital incinerator soot, a common PCB oil standard and pure 2,3,7,8-tetrach

21 s measured using a three-wavelength particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) and BC particle number

22 h structural and chemical characteristics of soot account for the variability in ice nucleation effic

23 reduced further soot emissions and decreased soot activation energy.

24 dband absorption spectrum of flame generated soot aerosol at 5% and 70% RH.

25 tude were measured using nanoscale spherical soot aerosol composed of aggregates with approximately 1

26 d to great heights, resulting in a worldwide soot aerosol layer that lasts several years.

27 size- and mass-selected laboratory-generated soot aerosol.

28 n a fluoropolymer chamber on size-classified soot aerosols in the presence of isoprene, photolyticall

29 and indirect climate forcing of atmospheric soot aerosols.

30 The DPF probably promotes breakout of large soot agglomerates (mostly ash-bearing) by favoring sinte

31 Post-DPF soot agglomerates are very few, typically large (>1-5 mu

32 Soot agglomerates of variable sizes (<0.5-5 mum) are abu

33 ntermediate (flaming) phase was dominated by soot agglomerates with AAE 1.0-1.2 and 85-100% of absorp

34 of the primary particulates that make up the soot agglomerates.

35 models of light scattering and absorption by soot agglomerates.

36 ss growth factor indicate distinct stages in soot aggregate processing by SOA coatings.

37 When heated to 300 degrees C, the soot aggregate volatile mass fraction was approximately

38 t particles on the TEM image and the size of soot aggregates also become smaller.

39 ange of 50-400 nm were of two groups: porous soot aggregates and more dense particles.

40 ions, both the size of primary particles and soot aggregates are found to decrease with increasing in

41 aracterization tools, we observe that fluffy soot aggregates are the most sticky and unstable.

42 The size of primary particles and soot aggregates does not vary significantly by implement

43 Restructuring of monodisperse soot aggregates due to coatings of secondary organic aer

44 The restructuring of monodisperse soot aggregates due to coatings of secondary organic aer

45 Soot aggregates were generated by combustion of ethylene

46 Soot aggregates were generated by one of three sources (

47 latively stable over time, especially of the soot aggregates, which had effective densities similar t

48 tion of large amounts of organic material on soot aggregates.

49 also causes partial restructuring of fractal soot aggregates.

50 tioned organic phases, respectively, whereas soot, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride simulated

51 icles are smallest and most reactive and the soot amount and volume are lowest.

52 nally, the sorptive-PBET was applied to wood soot and a kindergarten soil.

53 y remove engine-generated primary particles (soot and ash) and gaseous hydrocarbons.

54 al and optical signatures of the in-cylinder soot and associated low volatility organics change drama

55 spores and correlate with an abrupt peak in soot and C/OC ratios, indicative of large-scale regional

56 tion of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) soot and enrichment in high aspect ratio nanotubes are e

57 enriched in BC from historical emissions of soot and have high TOC concentrations, but the contribut

58 in the gas phase, and their adsorption onto soot and how these processes impact on the abundance and

59 riations in the concentration ratios of char/soot and individual PACs.

60 ) the compounds were absorbed on surfaces of soot and non-tailpipe traffic dust.

61 ypress and pine wood) combustion were mainly soot and OM in the flaming phase, respectively.

62 tive information on the formation process of soot and on the impact of exhausts on the environment.

63 cts of binary mixtures composed of fullerene soot and organic co-contaminants as malathion, glyphosat

64 g and labor-intensive to obtain isotherms on soot and other BCs.

65 This study shows that both BC soot and PM levels in NYC's subways are considerably hig

66 ving rise to an oscillation in the amount of soot and radiative emission.

67 cies may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regio

68 es from as-produced (AP-grade) arc discharge soot and the simultaneous enrichment in unbundled, undam

69 se, we are able to quantifiably separate the soot and water absorption contributions.

70 ise to distinguish between incidental (e.g., soot) and engineered (e.g., SWCNTs) nanoparticles, which

71 ternally mixed with sulfate (matching diesel soot) and organic carbon particles containing aminium su

72 BPCAs (soot) and PAHs (precursors of soot) trace fossil fuel-de

73 ng PAHs from three source materials-solvent, soot, and fuel oil-to which (3)H-benzo(a)pyrene ((3)H-Ba

74 rstanding on how the radiative properties of soot are affected by coating with nonabsorbing organic a

75 able tool for probing enhanced absorption by soot at atmospherically relevant concentrations.

76 maximally by <78% (industrial CNT) and <34% (soot) at 10.0 mg CNT/L, 5.0 mg soot/L, and diuron concen

77 We present five lake-sediment soot-BC (SBC) records from the Fennoscandian Arctic and

78 udes environmental black carbon (fossil fuel soot, biomass char), engineered carbons (biochar, activa

79 mportant to link health and climate-relevant soot (black carbon) emission characteristics to specific

80 to our estimations, atmospheric emissions of soot/black C might be a smaller fraction of total PyC (<

81 that gas-phase PAHs were more abundant than soot-bound PAHs in the engine cylinder.

82 bonaceous particles were generated during a "sooting burn" experiment to explore how heterogeneity in

83 extracts are easily available from fullerene soot, but finding an efficient strategy to obtain them i

84 Here we show that the PAH composition of soot can be exactly determined and spatially resolved by

85 Based on 102 soot-carbon normalized sorption coefficients (KsootC) ac

86 abled online measurements of the in-cylinder soot chemistry.

87 es of UV radiation for about a year once the soot clears, five years after the impact.

88 nstructed with common PAH sources (fuel oil, soot, coal tar based skeet particles) and direct spike w

89 lative humidity (RH); however, lab-generated soot coated with ammonium nitrate and held at 85% RH exh

90 catalysts (FBCs), were developed to catalyze soot combustion and support filter regeneration.

91 ration to have higher catalytic activity for soot combustion than the Ni-impregnated CeO(2) catalyst.

92 emical properties and catalytic activity for soot combustion was studied.

93 used electron microscopy and show extensive soot compaction after cloud processing.

94 diisobutylene and methyl furan produced more soot compared to the baseline over longer test times.

95 .C., m(2)/g) with 1 min time resolution when soot concentrations were in the low microgram per cubic

96 d with measured average outdoor and personal soot concentrations.

97 ompact than freshly emitted and interstitial soot, confirming that cloud processing, not just exposur

98 a of the catalysts and improves the catalyst-soot contact.

99 Compared to low-A/F soot, high-A/F soot contained more elemental carbon but less organic ca

100 umber fraction of the two groups were found: soot correlated with intense traffic in a diel pattern a

101 The soot covered cylinders achieved a 30% drag reduction whe

102 rbon is widespread in soil due to wildfires, soot deposition, and intentional amendment of pyrolyzed

103 Fresh, ns-soot did not exhibit increased M.A.C. at high relative h

104 l properties and oxidative potential (OP) of soot due to visible-light irradiation and its underlying

105 The presence of soot during and following combustion processes is an ind

106 hydroxyl group in COME also reduced further soot emissions and decreased soot activation energy.

107 Soot emissions in combustion are unwanted consequences o

108 it in terms of the trade-off between NOX and soot emissions with respect to ULSD and biodiesel-diesel

109 gative climatic impact that intensifies with soot emissions, with global biomass and catch falling by

110 Wildfires contribute significantly to global soot emissions, yet their aerosol formation mechanisms a

111 even more, and the net effect was increased soot emissions.

112 Fresh kerosene nanosphere soot (ns-soot) exhibited a mean M.A.C and standard deviation of 9

113 he detailed morphological characteristics of soot for assessing environmental impacts.

114 involved in a recently proposed mechanism of soot formation (Science, 2018, 361, 6406, 997-1000).

115 tility organics change dramatically from the soot formation dominated phase to the soot oxidation dom

116 The results show that EGR reduced the soot formation rate.

117 f-the-art test platform for high-temperature soot formation under engine conditions.

118 nant molecular fragmentation pathways during soot formation.

119 tely blue as a hydrocarbon flame, indicating soot-free burning.

120 ary creates the conditions leading to nearly soot-free combustion.

121 Whereas emission of soot from burning surface oil was large during the episo

122 carbon, and not solely wildfires, it implies soot from the target rock also contributed to the impact

123 exhibited the highest KD values, followed by soot, fuel oil, and solvent spiked soils.

124 ack 4, and special black 6), spark discharge soot (GfG), and graphite powder was measured by a van de

125 carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively,

126 xicity to D. magna was as follows: fullerene soot > multiwall carbon nanotubes > graphene.

127 ty (>56% cetane number increase) and reduced sooting (>86% yield sooting index reduction) when compar

128 ations and mass accumulation rates (MARs) of soot have mainly occurred since ~1950, the establishment

129 BC, char, and soot have similar vertical concentration profiles as PAC

130 nd black carbon (BC, in the form of char and soot), have long been recognized in modern wildfire obse

131 590) and a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) soot, have been investigated using heterogeneous chemist

132 ast decades over the Arctic, indicating that soot heating has not been the driver of changes in the A

133 The absorption of light by the soot heats the upper atmosphere by hundreds of degrees.

134 Compared to low-A/F soot, high-A/F soot contained more elemental carbon but

135 f markers, including nanodiamonds, aciniform soot, high-temperature melt-glass, and magnetic microsph

136 native method to reconstruct the atmospheric soot history in populated inland areas.

137 ht alterations in soot nanostructure, reduce soot ignition temperature and activation energy.

138 ght alterations in soot nanostructure, lower soot ignition temperature, and lower activation energy.

139 use of intraurban LUR models for especially soot in air pollution epidemiology.

140 pread in the freezing temperatures of ice on soot in experiments.

141 made to evaluate the radiative properties of soot in flames.

142 Light-absorbing soot in snow has been decreasing in past decades over th

143 by the incomplete combustion of accumulated soot in the GPF during regeneration.

144 Vehicles represent a major source of soot in urban environments.

145 ormation and properties of diesel combustion soot, including particle size distributions, effective d

146 The mass absorption cross-section of diesel soot increases with combustion temperature, being the hi

147 er increase) and reduced sooting (>86% yield sooting index reduction) when compared to commercial pet

148 to that found in thermally treated fullerene soot indicates that they share a nanostructure.

149 actors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compou

150 the flaming phase released large amounts of soot internally mixed with a small amount of OM, whereas

151 extraction activities were characterized by soot internally mixed with sulfate (matching diesel soot

152 fires large enough to emit more than 5 Tg of soot into the stratosphere.

153 climatic perturbations through injections of soot into the upper atmosphere.

154 e created by embedding carbon nanoparticles (soot) into Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

155 The observed soot is believed to originate from global wildfires igni

156 The conventional view holds that soot is formed via the cluster-dilute aggregation mechan

157 Following injection into the atmosphere, the soot is heated by sunlight and lofted to great heights,

158 t a characterization of the nanostructure of soot is needed to predict its ice nucleation efficiency.

159 om partially charred biomass and charcoal to soot) is a widely acknowledged C sink, with the latest e

160 ic black carbon (BC, in the form of char and soot) is still constrained for inland areas.

161 NT) and <34% (soot) at 10.0 mg CNT/L, 5.0 mg soot/L, and diuron concentrations in the range 0.73-2990

162 ted with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons.

163 aerosols (TC) and is typically dominated by soot-like elemental carbon (EC).

164 However, increased emissions of soot-like nanoparticles are also associated with GDI tec

165 (T(max,c) ~ 1791 to 1857 K) and the highest soot luminosity region temperature (T*(c) ~ 1600 to 1650

166 Soot LUR models explained 39%, 44%, and 20% of personal

167 Soot LUR models were significantly correlated with measu

168 In HGY, soot MARs increased by ~7.7 times in the period 1980-201

169 The increase in soot MARs is also in line with the emission inventory re

170 The highest soot mass accumulation rates (MARs) occurred at the begi

171 bined measurements of optical properties and soot mass concentration allowed determination of mass ab

172 ybrid instrument for simultaneously tracking soot mass concentration and aerosol optical properties i

173 osol scattering, extinction coefficient, and soot mass concentration.

174 Particulate matter (PM) mass, number, and soot mass emissions showed strong reductions with increa

175 However, the emissions of soot may even increase if the fuel injection system is o

176 Elemental carbon (EC) and soot measured with an AVL microsoot sensor (MSS) reflect

177 fuel combustion generated 4-12 times higher soot mode particle emissions than the NG combustion, and

178 ained, e.g., calcium as well as agglomerated soot mode particles.

179 s, the nucleation mode highly dominating the soot mode.

180 iques, respectively, for lacey and compacted soot morphologies.

181 ity of three carbon nanomaterials (fullerene-soot, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and graphene).

182 se PAHs and n-alkanes, slight alterations in soot nanostructure, lower soot ignition temperature, and

183 OC) in particles, show slight alterations in soot nanostructure, reduce soot ignition temperature and

184 ining fullerenic (high tortuosity or curved) soot nanostructures arising from decreased combustion te

185 pending upon local aqueous chemistry, single soot NPs could remain stable against self-aggregation in

186 examined the aggregation behavior for diesel soot NPs under aqueous condition in an effort to elucida

187 Fresh kerosene nanosphere soot (ns-soot) exhibited a mean M.A.C and standard devia

188 taining few oxygenated species, comprise the soot observed in an ethylene diffusion flame.

189 c2C2@Cs(hept)-C88, was isolated from the raw soot obtained by electric arc vaporization of graphite r

190 In this study, two types of soot obtained using different air/fuel ratios (A/F) were

191 The uptake coefficient for naphthalene on soot of (1.11 +/- 0.06) x 10(-5) at 293 K was determined

192 nic matter (OM) in smoldering phase, whereas soot-OM internally mixed with K in flaming phase.

193 Due to the strong impact of soot on global warming and the aging process of soot par

194 f soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate.

195 FBCs-doped fuels are effective in promoting soot oxidation and reducing the DPM mass emissions, but

196 om the soot formation dominated phase to the soot oxidation dominated phase.

197 The obtained iron oxide particles catalyze soot oxidation in filters.

198 However, the late cycle soot oxidation rate (soot removal) was reduced even more

199 mbination of a fast gas-sampling valve and a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) enabled

200 The current understanding of soot particle morphology in diesel engines and their dep

201 uces the highest amount of soot, the highest soot particle volume, and the largest and most crystalli

202 cidate the fundamental processes that govern soot particle-particle interactions in wet environments

203 of tar balls (80%) is 10 times greater than soot particles (8%).

204 We find that the fractal dimension of soot particles (one of the most relevant morphological d

205 When soot particles age, the increase in mass is accompanied

206 on in flaming phase released some Cl-rich-OM/soot particles and cardboard combustion released OM and

207 We quantify the morphology of soot particles and classify them into four categories: ~

208 ants alter the composition and properties of soot particles and lead to increased particle density, h

209 Soot particles and NO(2) are among the most hazardous em

210 Monodisperse soot particles are exposed to the oxidation products of

211 s, microscale pharmaceuticals, and nanoscale soot particles are made from rigid, aggregated subunits

212 and aerodynamic properties, and the fate of soot particles are represented in numerical models.

213 soot produced during taxiing, where primary soot particles are smallest and most reactive and the so

214 re and the fact that the submicrometer-sized soot particles can be dispersed regionally.

215 atic hydrocarbon (PAH) often associated with soot particles coated by organic compounds, is a known c

216 Single scattering albedo of soot particles depends largely on their organic content,

217 The morphology and internal structure of soot particles emitted from a CFM 56-7B26/3 turbofan eng

218 Soot particles form during combustion of carbonaceous ma

219 tic precipitator has been applied to deposit soot particles from the exhaust stream between interdigi

220 Here we survey the morphology of ambient soot particles from various locations and different envi

221 t on global warming and the aging process of soot particles in the atmosphere, it is necessary to gai

222 roscope imaging were applied to the in-flame soot particles inside the cylinder of a working diesel e

223 Aging transforms initially hydrophobic soot particles into efficient cloud condensation nuclei

224 The morphological restructuring of soot particles is determined by nonoptical techniques fo

225 Knowledge of the morphology and mixing of soot particles is fundamental to understand their potent

226 over 90% reduction of the projection area of soot particles on the TEM image and the size of soot agg

227 The results show that the number count of soot particles per image decreases by more than 80% when

228 iled analysis shows that the number count of soot particles per image increases with increasing injec

229 ork, in particular the small size of primary soot particles present in the exhaust (modes of 24, 20,

230 We find that soot particles sampled after evaporating the cloud dropl

231 The relative abundance of soot particles shows a positive association with traffic

232 ation of the mixing state of freshly emitted soot particles shows that most of them are bare (or thin

233 warming than the volume-equivalent spherical soot particles simulated in climate models.

234 lts for the uptake of naphthalene (C10H8) by soot particles typical of those found in the exhaust of

235 n when polydisperse, laboratory-generated ns-soot particles were embedded within or coated with ammon

236 erated inside the engine or depict incipient soot particles which are partially carbonized in the exh

237 Furthermore, the mixing of soot particles with other material affects their optical

238 and the largest and most crystalline primary soot particles with the lowest oxidative reactivity.

239 Soiling consists of mineral dust, soot particles, aerosols, pollen, fungi and/or other con

240 In the example of different kinds of soot particles, the performance of the spectrometer was

241 M emissions that are associated with emitted soot particles, unlike the purely oil droplets observed

242 morphological and mixing properties of those soot particles.

243 e significant influence on the morphology of soot particles.

244 take of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by soot particles.

245 of oil burned on the surface was emitted as soot particles.

246 by coating oleic acid onto freshly generated soot particles.

247 The microscopic characteristics of soot particulate matter (PM) in gas turbine exhaust are

248 into the EGR loop to filter the recirculated soot particulates.

249 y diameter ( d(mob)) using a single particle soot photometer (SP2) and a differential mobility analyz

250 rations were measured with a single particle soot photometer.

251 A portion of the charcoal and soot produced during combustion processes on land (e.g.,

252 Soot produced during incomplete combustion consists main

253 The opposite is the case for soot produced during taxiing, where primary soot particl

254 Efforts have been made to reduce soot production in combustion engines through utilizing

255 several reaction pathways that lead towards soot production were identified.

256 Altered soot properties are of key importance when designing emi

257 The in-cylinder evolution of soot properties over the combustion cycle and as a funct

258 The control of the soot recirculation penalty through filtered EGR (FEGR) r

259 tube was used to evaluate the performance of soot reduction of five high-performance biofuels downsel

260 Soot reduction was found in ethanol, cyclopentanone, and

261 ered EGR (FEGR) resulted in a 50% engine-out soot reduction, thus showing the possibility of extendin

262 ith a diameter smaller than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), soot (reflectance of PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and

263 However, the late cycle soot oxidation rate (soot removal) was reduced even more, and the net effect

264 scopic characteristics of cruising condition soot resemble the ones of the approximately 100% thrust

265 final degree and coating mass dependence of soot restructuring were found to be the same for SOA coa

266 owever, 6-ring PAHs were not observed in the soot samples collected from the engine exhaust.

267 We present additional observations of soot SAs in wildfire smoke-laden air masses over Norther

268 an important role in aging of anthropogenic soot, shortening its atmospheric lifetime and considerab

269 Soot (sometimes referred to as black carbon) is produced

270 efficient measurements from a Photo Acoustic Soot Spectrometer were used to estimate aerosol optical

271 examined via four widely used models (K(OA), Soot, Steady-State, and pp-LFER).

272 heap analytical tool for characterization of soot structure.

273 Here we report the ubiquitous presence of soot superaggregates (SAs) in the outflow from a major w

274 ition quality and 20% reduction in intrinsic sooting tendency.

275 njection into the atmosphere of 15,000 Tg of soot, the amount estimated to be present at the Cretaceo

276 and NOx models were correlated with personal soot, the component least affected by indoor sources.

277 y 100% thrust produces the highest amount of soot, the highest soot particle volume, and the largest

278 compared to the results from diesel and HVO soot, the latter being the one with the largest abundanc

279 groscopicity, and further exposure of coated soot to elevated relative humidity results in a more sph

280 ections ranging from approximately 5% (lacey soot) to 14% (compact soot).

281 BPCAs (soot) and PAHs (precursors of soot) trace fossil fuel-derived PyC.

282 the same level of EGR with an improved NO(X)/soot trade-off.

283 It was proposed that elemental carbon in soot under visible-light irradiation initiated an inside

284 fference in dispersive interactions with the soot versus with the water was the dominant factor encou

285 rapid dehydration that removes all remaining soot via wet deposition.

286 ielded an average of 8.2 +/- 5.9 m(2)/g when soot was >0.25 mug/m(3).

287 Diesel traffic-related elemental carbon (EC) soot was also associated with IHD mortality (HR = 1.03;

288 The evolution in the mixing state of soot was monitored from simultaneous measurements of the

289 ited in Linsley Pond, Connecticut, USA while soot was more abundant during the warmer and drier early

290 a on emission factors of OC and EC (char and soot) was assessed for four cookstoves (advanced, improv

291 Using this relationship, soot-water and sediment-water or soil-water adsorption c

292 For soot, we observe an enhancement in the mass specific abs

293 ysicochemical characteristics and OP of aged soot were systematically measured using the dithiothreit

294 in-like motifs with contiguous Hyp (SOOA and SOOT) were also found.

295 the different formation pathways of char and soot, which are governed by combustion efficiency.

296 adiation-triggered self-oxidation process in soot, which is important to its atmospheric and health e

297 visible light markedly promoted oxidation of soot, which led to consumption of polycyclic aromatic hy

298 obtained from the analysis of flame sampled soot with standard commercial GC-MS run in parallel vali

299 PAH) molecules are the dominant component of soot, with individual PAH molecules forming ordered stac

300 tion in terms of EFs for OC and EC (char and soot) within the cooking cycle was also found to be sign