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1 making them a uniquely well-defined class of spinal interneuron.
2 essive glial activation and vulnerability of spinal interneurons.
3 r R-interneurons but project rarely to other spinal interneurons.
4 e alpha2C-AR may be expressed by a subset of spinal interneurons.
5 ention has been given to the contribution of spinal interneurons.
6 stress-related transcription factor c-Jun in spinal interneurons.
7 rk controlling locomotor activity, including spinal interneurons.
8 ed to control motoneurons disynaptically via spinal interneurons.
9 neously manipulating specific populations of spinal interneurons.
10 euromotor modules originates from excitatory spinal interneurons.
11 -expressing nociceptors and pain-modulating spinal interneurons.
12 l projection neurons and genetically labeled spinal interneurons.
13 he way in which corticospinal neurons engage spinal interneurons.
14 ly ordered generation of distinct classes of spinal interneurons.
15 ly shaped by the integrative function of the spinal interneurons.
16 cdh-gamma loss also led to apoptosis of many spinal interneurons.
17 r phenotypes of most of the known classes of spinal interneurons.
18 gestion that they originate principally from spinal interneurons.
19 ehaviors are accomplished by a shared set of spinal interneurons activated in different patterns or,
21 ated that the loss of GABA-ergic inputs from spinal interneurones alone is insufficient to produce to
25 medium clusters of Kv2.1-IR were observed in spinal interneurones and projection neurones, and some i
26 the transcriptomes of both Ptf1a-expressing spinal interneurons and endogenous cortical interneurons
27 nections to spinal motoneurons, which bypass spinal interneurons and exert a direct (willful) muscle
28 for locomotion by analysing the activity of spinal interneurons and motoneurons during spontaneous d
29 e primate reticulospinal tract can influence spinal interneurons and motoneurons involved in control
31 The neuronal populations examined include spinal interneurons and motor, sensory, and autonomic ne
32 ntially through the effect of tsDCS over the spinal interneurons and tDCS over the primary motor cort
33 ed axon projection patterns of V2b subset of spinal interneurons and visualized maturation of the neu
34 network level including altered activity of spinal interneurons; and (iii) the increased power outpu
40 imulation on RSNA and the discharge rates of spinal interneurons argue against these neurons playing
41 genetics to directly target major classes of spinal interneurons as well as motor neurons during spas
42 nergies for locomotion can be represented by spinal interneurons, as revealed by the interneurons' mu
43 ly due to an increase in the excitability of spinal interneurons because short-latency activity in th
45 prominent "C bouton" cholinergic inputs from spinal interneurons, but the source and function of thes
46 gma promotes regeneration of motoneurons and spinal interneurons by engrafted human directly reprogra
48 colleagues (2017) find that individual Grp+ spinal interneurons can respond to and distinguish betwe
49 known about the identity and function of the spinal interneuron cell types that contribute to these l
50 are thought to be directed by the actions of spinal interneuron circuits collectively referred to as
51 s of preganglionic and somatic efferents and spinal interneurons closely associated with the efferent
53 rs of neurons were then used to identify the spinal interneurons coreleasing the two excitatory trans
54 uses on dCINs, a heterogeneous population of spinal interneurons critical for crossed motor responses
56 emogenetic regulation of CST-targeted lumbar spinal interneurons demonstrates that dysregulation of a
58 ed that different populations of commissural spinal interneurons ensure limb alternation at different
60 ebrafish most glycinergic and many GABAergic spinal interneurons express Pax2a, Pax2b and Pax8 and th
62 n5)/Caspr4 coreceptor complex, together with spinal interneuron expression of NrCAM/CHL1, directs the
65 (BW), we recorded the activity of individual spinal interneurons from L4 to L6 during both FW and BW
67 aINs), and possibly other types of mammalian spinal interneurons have common embryonic origins within
69 view highlights our current understanding of spinal interneuron heterogeneity, their contribution to
70 shaw cells (RCs) are one of the most studied spinal interneurons; however, their roles in motor contr
75 m imaging of groups of identified excitatory spinal interneurons in larval zebrafish to explore how t
76 ocal microscopy to examine the morphology of spinal interneurons in living larval zebrafish with the
78 ded simultaneously from large populations of spinal interneurons in vivo in male rats, characterizing
79 ecord spike trains from large populations of spinal interneurons in vivo in rats and demonstrate that
82 tudy was to determine changes in activity of spinal interneurons, in particular those mediating PLRs,
84 we have yet to determine which properties of spinal interneurons (INs) are critical to rhythmogenesis
85 riteria for the functional identification of spinal interneurones involved in the mammalian locomotor
88 al misrouting of the corticospinal tract and spinal interneurons is manifested, leading to a hopping
91 s recovery, we studied a population of mouse spinal interneurons known to receive direct afferent inp
95 t has been hypothesized that a common set of spinal interneurons mediates flexion reflex and the flex
97 sh and amphibians led to the hypothesis that spinal interneurons might be shared by these behaviors.
98 ate synaptic mechanisms by which cholinergic spinal interneurons modulate the final common pathway fo
100 red for correct specification of a subset of spinal interneuron neurotransmitter phenotypes, as well
101 and the M1 motor map, increased cholinergic spinal interneurons numbers on the contralateral, relati
102 has a role in the increased excitability of spinal interneurons observed during persistent inflammat
103 Major cold-sensitive areas projecting to spinal interneurons or to regions containing sympathetic
104 ut the extent to which particular classes of spinal interneurons participate in different behaviors.
105 f the present study was to determine whether spinal interneurons play a role in the regulation of sym
106 thods to uncover state space trajectories of spinal interneuron population activity on single step cy
107 analysis to investigate the fate of multiple spinal interneuron populations during ALS progression in
109 e for the importance of connections with key spinal interneuron populations in development of motor c
110 opmental apoptosis in molecularly identified spinal interneuron populations, and implicate the adhesi
112 and functional analyses of corticospinal and spinal interneuron projections reveal that loss of alpha
113 ry circuitry based on the classical types of spinal interneurons (propriospinal, monosynaptic Ia-exci
116 ons of both inhibitory and excitatory lumbar spinal interneurons responsive to TMS to provide a more
117 collaterals formed synaptic connections with spinal interneurons, resulting in improved recovery of m
118 tory inputs from multiple descending tracts, spinal interneurons, sensory inputs, and proprioceptive
122 er SCI because thoracic excitatory VGluT2(+) spinal interneurons (SpINs) provoke structural remodelin
123 a previously-unseen regional organization of spinal interneuron state space, which may serve as a uni
126 patches located on Renshaw cells, a type of spinal interneuron that receives powerful excitatory and
127 of this review is to describe populations of spinal interneurons that are involved in the control of
128 ing and dye injection to identify a group of spinal interneurons that are strongly activated during f
129 t behavioral roles for particular classes of spinal interneurons that can eventually be tested direct
130 s known about patterns of recruitment in the spinal interneurons that control motoneurons because of
131 C boutons on spinal motor neurons stem from spinal interneurons that express the transcription facto
132 This study shows that a subpopulation of spinal interneurons that expresses parvalbumin and have
133 fines a primitive functional organization of spinal interneurons that formed a developmental and evol
134 are a heterogeneous population of inhibitory spinal interneurons that have been implicated in regulat
135 nt patterns or, instead, involve specialized spinal interneurons that may shape the motor output to p
137 he spinal cord; however, the identity of the spinal interneurons that serve this function is not know
138 motor programs are controlled by networks of spinal interneurons that set the rhythm and intensity of
139 tentials were recorded from the VLF and from spinal interneurons that were synchronized, cycle by cyc
140 cted rats, we have described a population of spinal interneurons that, by virtue of correlations betw
142 ugh spinal motoneurons are a major target of spinal interneurons, the loss of motoneurons did not aff
143 guishable from a recently described group of spinal interneurons (transverse interneurons) that are s
144 e synergies represented by the same upstream spinal interneurons under different activity states indu
148 sory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal interneurons were not affected by any of the pert
150 uthner cells directly activate contralateral spinal interneurons which feed reciprocal inhibition to
151 We show a discrete subset of commissural spinal interneurons, whose fate is controlled by the act
153 combine back-filling or genetic labeling of spinal interneurons with in situ staining for markers of
154 reaching and grasping could be mediated via spinal interneurons with input from the motor-cortex and
155 leg flexion reflex circuits likely share key spinal interneurons with locomotion and scratching netwo