ライフサイエンスコーパス: sporozoite

1 roquine or mefloquine (chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites).

2 okinete from maternal mRNA, and later in the sporozoite.

3 n of this gene increases dramatically in the sporozoite.

4 tudies and higher than infections induced by sporozoite.

5 he antisense lncRNA increase dramatically in sporozoites.

6 ion with PfCSP transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites.

7 s surface and in the supernatant of invading sporozoites.

8 a low or high dose of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.

9 d immune evasion properties of the infective sporozoites.

10 d throughout the cytoplasm in salivary gland sporozoites.

11 nfected mosquito salivary glands rather than sporozoites.

12 fications and decreased excystation rates of sporozoites.

13 ol by intradermal injection of P. falciparum sporozoites.

14 ed the SSP3 ectodomain to antibodies in some sporozoites.

15 roteins in distinct biological activities of sporozoites.

16 infection (CHMI) with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.

17 ammals against the CSP repeats of Plasmodium sporozoites.

18 equal numbers of infected HepG2 cells, as WT sporozoites.

19 y and generates oocysts that fail to produce sporozoites.

20 d it protects mice from infection by malaria sporozoites.

21 hen compared with live replication-deficient sporozoites.

22 falciparum antigen upregulated in infective sporozoites 3 (PfUIS3) as a vaccine candidate.

23 inoculation of viable Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites administered with chemoprevention targeting

24 This chromatin state in the sporozoite also correlates with the expression of an ant

25 ssays showed that SLTRiP is expressed in the sporozoite and early to late liver stages of malaria par

26 lysis of RNA-Seq data from replicate oocyst, sporozoite and intracellular samples revealed significan

27 f the extracellular interactions between the sporozoite and mammalian host that regulate migration an

28 cination or passive immunization can inhibit sporozoite and ookinete infection and impair vector tran

29 by coinjection of large doses of unpurified sporozoites and by uninfected salivary glands alone.

30 ant levels of protection upon challenge with sporozoites and exhibited 10,000-fold fewer parasite 18S

31 d the transcriptome of C. parvum in oocysts, sporozoites and infected cell monolayers 2-48 h post-inf

32 protein (CSP) builds up the surface coat of sporozoites and is the leading malaria pre-erythrocytic-

33 studies indicated low 5D5 binding to live Pf sporozoites and lack of sporozoite inhibition in vitro a

34 o, but it has a strong deleterious effect on sporozoites and reduces malaria transmission.

35 transcriptomes and proteomes of both oocyst sporozoites and salivary gland sporozoites in both roden

36 We have demonstrated a role for SLTRiP in sporozoites and the liver stage of malaria parasites.

37 In extracellular ookinetes, sporozoites, and merozoites, MyoA was located at the par

38 tope SYIPSAEKI of Plasmodium berghei in both sporozoite- and vaccine-induced protection in murine inf

39 berghei parasites that express P. falciparum sporozoite antigens, we have been able to use this assay

40 ng a substrate-dependent gliding locomotion, sporozoites are able to move at fast speed (1-3 mum/s).

41 Sporozoites are formed within oocysts at the mosquito mi

42 Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted from infected mosquitoes to

43 Infection begins when salivary gland sporozoites are transmitted through the bite of an infec

44 n experimental infection with P. falciparum, sporozoites aren't detected in Microsporidia MB infected

45 he name refers to a gliding phenotype in the sporozoite arising from epitope tagging of the endogenou

46 Lastly, CpClec-Fc binding and C. parvum sporozoite attachment were significantly decreased in CH

47 ntal immunization with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites attenuated by radiation or under anti-malari

48 Purification of sporozoites away from mosquito salivary gland debris by

49 Clinical trials using whole-sporozoite-based vaccination approaches such as the Sana

50 onvenient strategy to augment efficacy of ID sporozoite-based vaccines warrants further investigation

51 These two antibodies showed poor sporozoite binding and weak inhibition of parasite trave

52 the nuclei of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites but not oocysts.

53 nfection starts with injection of Plasmodium sporozoites by an Anopheles mosquito into the skin of th

54 lead to successful inoculation of infectious sporozoites by mosquitoes is critical to designing effec

55 Hyperimmunization with attenuated whole sporozoites can induce sterile protective immune respons

56 urface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites, can protect from malaria in animal models b

57 otection afforded by injection of irradiated sporozoites, CD8(+) T cells have been shown to play a si

58 aversal protein for Plasmodium ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) can inhibit parasite infection.

59 Protection against sporozoite challenge correlated with higher frequencies

60 terile infection-blocking protection against sporozoite challenge in a stringent rodent malaria model

61 ISA 51, induced sterilizing immunity against sporozoite challenge in C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains of mi

62 100% sterile protection against a stringent sporozoite challenge in rodent models to malaria, where

63 th a luciferase-expressing Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite challenge to assess Ab-mediated inhibition of

64 se in the liver following Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge.

65 licits sterile protection against transgenic sporozoite challenge.

66 unity and reduce liver parasite burden after sporozoite challenge.

67 .- and mosquito bite-delivered P. falciparum sporozoite challenge.

68 region, exposed on the outer surface of the sporozoites, combined with the flexible full-length conf

69 ctors) were found by PCR to carry Plasmodium sporozoites - compared to four of eight morphological sp

70 Plasmodium vivax sporozoites consist of tachysporozoites causing primary

71 mmunization with attenuated whole Plasmodium sporozoites constitutes a promising vaccination strategy

72 , partially randomized Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) stu

73 Immunization under chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites (CPS) consistently confers high levels of pr

74 chloroquine treatment (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites (CPS)).

75 chemoprophylaxis with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (CPS-immunization) induces sterile protectio

76 prophylaxis (hereafter, chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites [CPS] immunization) induces sterile protecti

77 Chemoprophylaxis vaccination with sporozoites (CVac) with chloroquine induces protection a

78 Chemoprophylaxis vaccination with sporozoites (CVac) with chloroquine induces protection a

79 In sporozoites derived from the mosquito salivary glands, h

80 feeding with gametocyte-enriched blood, and sporozoites developed into liver-stage schizonts in cult

81 ics we developed a mouse model that delivers sporozoites directly into the intestine, a Cryptosporidi

82 t animal models of hyperimmunization rely on sporozoites dissected from mosquito salivary glands and

83 Although infection of cell monolayers with sporozoites does not support the complete parasite life

84 s acquired only after immunization with high sporozoite doses.

85 ecede intra-oocyst motility and subsequently sporozoite egress and salivary gland invasion.

86 ver infection when mice were challenged with sporozoites either intravenously or by infectious mosqui

87 e bite from an infected mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood circulation and infect the l

88 these walls lose their integrity to let the sporozoites excyst and invade host cells following a pro

89 le contribution of macrophages in supporting sporozoite excystation following oocyst internalisation.

90 nt mice immunized with replication-competent sporozoites exhibit superior protection against infectio

91 Our data suggest that sporozoites exhibit two types of motility: in regions fa

92 Plasmodium sporozoites express circumsporozoite protein (CSP) on th

93 ulin G, directed against the Cryptosporidium sporozoite-expressed antigen Cp23 at 12 months of age wa

94 Here we show that sporozoite-expressed TgAMA4 clusters in a distinct phylo

95 Sporozoites expressing a mutated form of Plasmodium berg

96 Furthermore, infection of mice with sporozoites expressing a truncated version of EXP-1 resu

97 5 strongly inhibits the in vivo infection of sporozoites expressing the N-terminus of P. falciparum C

98 Genetic analysis of sporozoite factors reveals the 6-cysteine domain protein

99 Anti-alpha-gal Abs target Plasmodium sporozoites for complement-mediated cytotoxicity in the

100 e severely deficient in ookinete, oocyst and sporozoite formation inside the mosquito vector.

101 on from the ookinete to the oocyst stage and sporozoite formation were completely abolished in pat(-)

102 Whole parasite vaccines based on the sporozoite forms of the parasite that target the clinica

103 romises the development of the transmissible sporozoite forms.

104 When experimentally injected into mice, sporozoites from AgTRIO-silenced mosquitoes colonized th

105 es colonized the liver less effectively than sporozoites from control mosquitoes.

106 st and sporocyst walls protect the infective sporozoites from deleterious external attacks including

107 We imaged the release of sporozoites from oocysts in situ, which was preceded by

108 lands, including many that are essential for sporozoite functions in the vector and host.

109 w that the I domain of TRAP is essential for sporozoite gliding motility, mosquito salivary gland inv

110 deletion of SSP3 adversely affected in vitro sporozoite gliding motility, which, surprisingly, impact

111 ythrocytic vaccine candidates and irradiated sporozoites, has shown that CD8(+) T cells play a signif

112 Pbyop1Delta sporozoites have reduced speed, are slower to invade hos

113 LSQ) adjuvant system significantly inhibited sporozoite hepatocyte infection.

114 ociation with sterile protection after whole sporozoite immunization is not well established.

115 e-erythrocytic parasites following high dose sporozoite immunization.

116 ses contribute to parasite killing following sporozoite immunization.

117 These findings suggest that sporozoite immunogenicity studies be performed using pur

118 ast, overexpression of C-CAP and profilin in sporozoites impairs circular gliding motility and saliva

119 f both oocyst sporozoites and salivary gland sporozoites in both rodent-infectious Plasmodium yoelii

120 ssion did not alter the burden of Plasmodium sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands.

121 NDAE1 resulted in reduction of the number of sporozoites in mosquito SGs.

122 erile protection from challenge by P. yoelii sporozoites in the absence of T cells in 50% of mice whe

123 ected Anopheles mosquito deposits Plasmodium sporozoites in the skin during a bite.

124 shed and optimized transfection of C. parvum sporozoites in tissue culture.

125 t isolates from Cambodia develop and produce sporozoites in two Southeast Asian vectors, Anopheles di

126 ites, and plasma from one monkey neutralized sporozoites in vitro and conferred partial protection ag

127 f AgTRIO did not decrease the infectivity of sporozoites in vitro or influence the expression of gene

128 n expression is only reported in oocysts and sporozoites indicating that repressed transcripts can be

129 3) prevention of in vitro Plasmodium berghei sporozoite-induced development in human hepatocytes; and

130 es; and (4) protection of in vivo P. berghei sporozoite-induced infection in mice.

131 riables on the density of indoor mosquitoes, sporozoite infected mosquitoes, and malaria incidence, w

132 51.9% had a human blood meal, and 9.2% were sporozoite infected.

133 e-specific protein 20, efficiently recognize sporozoite-infected hepatocytes in vitro.

134 isk was directly associated with exposure to sporozoite-infected mosquitoes (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1

135 High sporozoite infection (~19.51%) was found in the An. colu

136 red partial protection against P. falciparum sporozoite infection after passive transfer to mice.

137 itative analysis of Wolbachia and Plasmodium sporozoite infection in field-collected mosquitoes indic

138 ertebrate host, which facilitates Plasmodium sporozoite infection in mice.

139 lence and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection is significantly lower in Wolbachia

140 assess the ability of antibodies to inhibit sporozoite infection of hepatocytes.

141 However, when analyzing oocyst and sporozoite infection rates separately, the resistant hom

142 The whole mosquito Plasmodium and sporozoite infection rates were 57% and 14.8% respective

143 ntly reduced the prevalence and intensity of sporozoite infection, as observed in the field.

144 FRG KO huHep mice support P. vivax sporozoite infection, liver stage development, and hypno

145 data suggest that a yet-unknown receptor for sporozoite infection, present at elevated levels on BALB

146 dium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) abrogate sporozoite infection.

147 Unusually high rates of Plasmodium sporozoite infections were detected in An. funestus, An.

148 No sporozoite infections were detected in intervention area

149 smodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale sporozoite infections were identified with large proport

150 by the ability of immune sera to neutralize sporozoite infectivity in mice.

151 5 binding to live Pf sporozoites and lack of sporozoite inhibition in vitro and in vivo.

152 ural route of malaria infection initiated by sporozoites injected by mosquito bite which elicits both

153 hrough vaccination requires preventing every sporozoite inoculated by mosquito bite: a major challeng

154 Plasmodium sporozoites inoculated by mosquitoes migrate to the live

155 s in the N- and C-terminal domains until the sporozoite interacts with the liver hepatocyte.

156 CpEF1alpha) was discharged from the invading sporozoites into host cells, forming a crescent-shaped p

157 could effectively interfere the invasion of sporozoites into host cells.

158 expression of TNF-alpha when coinjected with sporozoites into the skin and there was more TNF-alpha e

159 hen an infected mosquito delivers Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin.

160 is study we have revisited the Inhibition of Sporozoite Invasion (ISI) assay to assess the ability of

161 y to measure antibody mediated inhibition of sporozoite invasion against one of the lead malaria anti

162 ule inhibitor of proteasomal activity blocks sporozoite invasion in an additive manner when combined

163 We report that sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes requires signalling t

164 rials, for their functional ability to block sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes.

165 t P39 binds to CD68, a putative receptor for sporozoite invasion of Kupffer cells that acts as a gate

166 (day 7 after the blood meal) but not during sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands.

167 requirement for PKG and CDPK4 in Plasmodium sporozoite invasion, our work enables a better understan

168 ative proteomics, and in vitro inhibition of sporozoite invasion, we show that native CSP is N-termin

169 nown of the signalling pathways required for sporozoite invasion.

170 ht into the adaptation strategies underlying sporozoite invasion.

171 Vaccination with irradiated sporozoites is able to provide complete sterile protecti

172 epatocyte by mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium sporozoites is an essential early step in successful mal

173 Invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites is essential for Plasmodium to initiate infe

174 unique gene expression patterns observed in sporozoites isolated from salivary glands of infected Co

175 ffer cell surface and, importantly, inhibits sporozoite Kupffer cell entry.

176 However, the molecular determinants of sporozoite-Kupffer cell interactions are unknown.

177 an anti-P39 antibody significantly inhibits sporozoite liver invasion without cross-reacting with ma

178 Here, we show that sporozoite, liver stage tryptophan-rich protein (SLTRiP)

179 How sporozoites locate and enter a blood vessel is a critica

180 lowing immunization with an attenuated whole sporozoite malaria vaccine in humans, significantly high

181 programs of translational repression across sporozoite maturation to temporally regulate protein exp

182 ented and relieved at different times during sporozoite maturation, migration and infection, thus pro

183 and 2) proteins expressed on the surface of sporozoites may be good target Ags for protective CD8(+)

184 s a sporozoite surface protein whose role in sporozoite motility and cell invasion has made it the le

185 In this study, we examine sporozoite motility and their interaction with dermal bl

186 l antibodies that had the capacity to modify sporozoite motility in vitro We concluded that the repor

187 onstrate that PKG and CDPK4 are required for sporozoite motility, and that PKG regulates the secretio

188 Once within the host, sporozoites navigate through the dermis, into the bloods

189 -9 agonists elicited high levels of systemic sporozoite neutralizing antibody, Th1- type CD4+ T cells

190 The recombinant induced P. falciparum sporozoite-neutralizing antibodies in mice.

191 length conformations of CSP, may provide the sporozoites not only with immune evasion properties, but

192 known to require Plasmodium PKG: invasion by sporozoites of hepatocytes.

193 By using GFP expressing sporozoites of the rodent parasite P. berghei we are abl

194 invasive stages (merozoites, ookinetes, and sporozoites) of the life cycle, and the protein is found

195 y in malaria-infected mosquitoes (at oocyst, sporozoite or both stages).

196 Immunization with attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites or viral vectored vaccines can induce protec

197 The whole sporozoite PfSPZ Vaccine is being evaluated for malaria

198 protection against homologous P. falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) challenge, but whether blood-stage pa

199 n against a homologous Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) challenge, but whether blood-stage pa

200 The whole Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine is being evaluated for malari

201 nors who underwent immunization with live Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) under chloroquine prophyla

202 septic, purified, cryopreserved P falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge; Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD

203 ed, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (PfSPZ Vaccine) and protective efficacy asse

204 h cryopreserved, isogenic NF54 P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) generated from 1 premosquito culture

205 iation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (PfSPZ) inoculated by mosquitoes; by intrave

206 revious exposure received 3200 P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) of PfSPZ Challenge by direct venous

207 5, 9.0x105, and 1.8x106Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), with the two highest doses given tw

208 ialed Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strain NF54 sporozoites, PfSPZ Challenge (NF54), has been used for c

209 Oocyst prevalence on mosquito midguts and sporozoite prevalence in salivary glands are nevertheles

210 ell as malaria vector density and associated sporozoite prevalence.

211 he innate host preference of vectors: higher sporozoite prevalences were generated in the usually hum

212 While sporozoite-primed CD8(+) T cells alternatively can be ex

213 orozoite-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in sporozoite-primed mice.

214 Sporozoites productively infected hepatocytes with high

215 LB/c mice, repeated small doses of P. yoelii sporozoites progressively expand the population of sporo

216 Although previous work established that the sporozoite protein with an altered thrombospondin repeat

217 cosylation has been recently reported in key sporozoite proteins of the malaria parasite.

218 ck of host EphA2 phenocopied the lack of the sporozoite proteins P52 and P36.

219 s) using cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites provide a unique opportunity to study differ

220 s, and establish a functional link between a sporozoite putative ligand and host cell receptors.

221 Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) via mosquito bites has been shown to i

222 iple is based on a mathematical model of the sporozoite rate (the proportion of infective mosquitoes)

223 izes of vector control can be compared using sporozoite rates and human biting rates, which are commo

224 Sporozoites represent attractive targets for antimalaria

225 ive proteins highlight the importance of the sporozoite's gliding speed and its ability to modulate a

226 CHMI by direct venous inoculation of 3200 Pf sporozoites (Sanaria(R) PfSPZ Challenge).

227 laser-treated site stimulated much stronger sporozoite-specific antibody and CD8(+)IFN-gamma(+) T ce

228 orozoites unexpectedly led to contraction of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in sporozoit

229 oites progressively expand the population of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cells.

230 ellular glideosome-associated protein 50 and sporozoite-specific protein 20, efficiently recognize sp

231 ghei glideosome-associated protein 5041-48-, sporozoite-specific protein 20318-325-, thrombospondin-r

232 ound that a thrombospondin-repeat containing sporozoite-specific protein named thrombospondin-releate

233 A live-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine) has shown up to

234 An attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, is highly prote

235 lciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) on sporozoites (SPZ) and elucidating their mechanisms of ne

236 ed, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] sporozoites [SPZ]) has been well tolerated and safe in >

237 ed, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] sporozoites [SPZ]) has been well tolerated and safe in >

238 potent neutralizing Ab responses against the sporozoite stage and cytotoxic T cells that eliminate pa

239 ke at the oocyst stage that decreased at the sporozoite stage of infection compared to uninfected An.

240 es to two proteins expressed by the invasive sporozoite stage of Plasmodium parasites: SPECT1, which

241 iae, with depletion of lipid reserves at the sporozoite stage.

242 ein complex across asexual blood, sexual and sporozoite stages, along with a transcriptomic compariso

243 tial attraction and biting at the oocyst and sporozoite stages.

244 at the apical and basal ends of ookinete and sporozoite stages.

245 ll three invasive (merozoite, ookinete-, and sporozoite) stages of development, as well as in the mal

246 but significantly higher (P < .001) than in sporozoite studies (0.47/day, 95% CI, .43-.50/day; PMR48

247 The sporozoite subsequently enters the circulation and infec

248 yde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) on the sporozoite surface and that GAPDH directly interacts wit

249 is based on the major Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface antigen, circumsporozoite protein (CS

250 however, SSP3 localized predominantly to the sporozoite surface as determined by immunoelectron micro

251 Here, we characterize a novel, conserved sporozoite surface protein (SSP3) in the rodent malaria

252 We show that an ookinete and sporozoite surface protein designated as PIMMS43 (Plasmo

253 iparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) is a sporozoite surface protein whose role in sporozoite moti

254 y unappreciated complexity of the Plasmodium sporozoite surface proteome and the roles of surface pro

255 Further, CD8(+) T cells specific to sporozoite surface-expressed CSP and TRAP proteins, but

256 antigen EtSAG1) mCherry was expressed on the sporozoite surface.

257 Yet precisely how sporozoites target their host cell and facilitate produc

258 l in size and produce a very small number of sporozoites that additionally are not infectious, indica

259 and ultimately produce tens of thousands of sporozoites that are infectious to humans.

260 ge with transgenic Plasmodium berghei rodent sporozoites that incorporate the P. falciparum target of

261 gametocytes that produce infectious oocysts (sporozoites) that are expelled into the environment.

262 icted to the apical complex in ookinetes and sporozoites, the extracellular invasive stages that deve

263 n be elicited in humans by immunization with sporozoites, the infective stage injected by bite of the

264 M when infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites, the liver-infective form of the parasite an

265 Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malar

266 he mosquito midgut and never made oocysts or sporozoites, thereby abrogating transmission to naive mi

267 accelerate Plasmodium growth rates, allowing sporozoites to become infectious sooner.

268 ges on the previously observed preference of sporozoites to infect polyploid hepatocytes.

269 liver blood vessel lining, are traversed by sporozoites to initiate liver invasion.

270 t, fertilization, and ookinete-to-oocyst and sporozoite-to-liver stage transitions.

271 We find that curvature of sporozoite tracks engaging with vasculature optimizes co

272 tigens or display them on the surface of the sporozoite, transiently transfected populations of E. te

273 g and ability to interrogate both sexual and sporozoite transmission stages and the molecular prepara

274 smission by Anopheles mosquitoes, Plasmodium sporozoites travel to the liver, infect hepatocytes, and

275 8 on the surface of Kupffer cells and blocks sporozoite traversal.

276 orozoites (UOS) or upregulated in infectious sporozoites (UIS) within the salivary glands, including

277 s study, large secondary doses of unpurified sporozoites unexpectedly led to contraction of sporozoit

278 and proteins that are upregulated in oocyst sporozoites (UOS) or upregulated in infectious sporozoit

279 e effect of salivary gland exposure on later sporozoite vaccinations, mice were immunized with uninfe

280 uated malaria vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine), confers sterile prot

281 These studies identify an anti-sporozoite vaccine component that may improve upon the c

282 report, we will review the advances in whole-sporozoite vaccine development with a particular focus o

283 cally active, non-replicating, whole malaria sporozoite vaccine that has been reported to be safe and

284 stration of attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine.

285 a clinical trial of the radiation-attenuated sporozoite vaccine.

286 Whole-sporozoite vaccines confer sterilizing immunity to malar

287 Among whole-sporozoite vaccines, immunization with live, replication

288 re with infections induced by IBSM (n = 66), sporozoites via mosquito bite (n = 336), or injection (n

289 evaluated using mosquito feeding assays, and sporozoite viability was assessed using in vitro culture

290 Antibody recognition of sporozoites was significantly higher in the sero-high (m

291 Antibody recognition of sporozoites was significantly higher in the sero-high (m

292 vectors developing transmissible infections (sporozoites) was influenced by the source of host blood

293 rred Ag-specific effector CD8(+) T cells and sporozoites, we demonstrate that achieving protection to

294 n the absence of T cells in 50% of mice when sporozoites were administered by mosquito bite but not w

295 Sporozoites were observed in macrophages containing oocy

296 genicity studies be performed using purified sporozoites whenever feasible.

297 ored fertility and production of oocysts and sporozoites, which demonstrates that mitochondrial ATP s

298 data on safety and protective efficacy using sporozoites with deletions of two genes, that is the new

299 Imaging of sporozoites with mutations in key adhesive proteins high

300 es of cats and meiosis gives rise to haploid sporozoites within the oocysts.