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1 ation or focal AAV-Cre-mediated knockdown of striatopallidal A(2A)R in the DLS had relatively limited
3 demonstrated that optogenetic activation of striatopallidal A(2A)R signaling in the DMS suppressed g
4 d behaviors, as focally genetic knockdown of striatopallidal A(2A)Rs in the DMS enhanced goal-directe
5 the reward and specific contributions of the striatopallidal A(2A)Rs in the dorsolateral striatum (DL
6 r activity, have provided a means to dissect striatopallidal and cholinergic contributions to compuls
8 endent information processing by the ventral striatopallidal and extended amygdala macrosystems, is r
13 Transgenic fluorescent reporters identified striatopallidal and striatonigral projection neurons.
14 as an autoreceptor, but also on terminals of striatopallidal and striatonigral projections, where it
15 ical determinant of convergence for both the striatopallidal and subthalamopallidal projections, whil
16 wo main striatal pathways (striatonigral and striatopallidal) and identify novel (non)cell-autonomous
17 norphin (striatonigral) and >90% enkephalin (striatopallidal) and in interneurons that were 100% posi
18 spects of functional connectivity within the striatopallidal axis are dynamic and related to brain st
20 ld be explained by retrograde stimulation of striatopallidal axons with consequent activation of inhi
23 se results provide a novel framework for the striatopallidal circuit in which a high-dimensional enco
25 s parallel, independent processing channels, striatopallidal convergence, and lateral integration wit
26 s inputs suggest that the BSTdm is part of a striatopallidal differentiation involved in coordinating
27 roups), suggests that the BSTam is part of a striatopallidal differentiation involved in coordinating
28 cephalon suggest that the BSTrh is part of a striatopallidal differentiation involved in modulating t
31 eptors showed preferential colocalization in striatopallidal (enkephalin containing), or striatonigra
32 opioid receptors located presynaptically on striatopallidal enkephalinergic neurons and by delta opi
33 ) opioid receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal enkephalinergic system using fluorescenc
34 and ventral striatum resulted in labeling of striatopallidal fibers and pallidostriatal cell bodies,
37 ke mice that hM4D activation by CNO inhibits striatopallidal function measured as disinhibited downst
38 onsistent with a selective inhibition of the striatopallidal GABAergic (indirect striatal output) pat
39 bition of striatonigral, and facilitation of striatopallidal, gene expression through activation of l
40 a model by which dSPN GPe axon collaterals (striatopallidal Go pathway) act in concert with the cano
41 produce behavioral responses associated with striatopallidal Gs signaling and in this regard CNO dose
42 euron types (striatonigral direct pathway vs striatopallidal indirect pathway) differ in their input
43 ce of striatal inputs than the more parallel striatopallidal indirect pathway, although direct and in
44 ly affect striatonigral (direct pathway) and striatopallidal (indirect pathway) medium spiny neurons
45 ver, a precise understanding of the roles of striatopallidal (indirect) and striatonigral (direct) pa
46 one of the following two major pathways: the striatopallidal (indirect) pathway or the striatonigral
47 indicate increased activity in nuclei of the striatopallidal (indirect) pathway, particularly in the
48 tributions of the striatonigral (direct) and striatopallidal (indirect) pathways to these functions r
51 of D2-SPN inactivity, arguing that defective striatopallidal inhibition was not the only cause of the
53 f levels in the striatonigral but not in the striatopallidal knock-out in response to l-DOPA treatmen
54 of l-DOPA reduces dyskinesia in animals with striatopallidal knock-out to wild-type levels, suggestin
55 the performance of learned sequences, while striatopallidal manipulations aborted ongoing performanc
60 they are concentrated in dendritic spines of striatopallidal medium spiny neurons and exist in a hete
61 how abundant expression in striatonigral and striatopallidal medium spiny neurons but not in several
62 ning of spines and glutamatergic synapses in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons, leaving striatonig
63 disease characterized in part by the loss of striatopallidal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs).
64 trate a critical role for A(2A) receptors on striatopallidal medium spiny projection neurons in shapi
67 ior was rescued by selectively enhancing the striatopallidal MSN activity via a Gq-coupled human M3 m
68 a new resource for elucidating the roles of striatopallidal MSN Galphas signaling in other neurobeha
69 loss of spines and glutamatergic synapses on striatopallidal MSNs but not on neighboring striatonigra
74 e to the activating, direct pathway MSNs and striatopallidal MSNs to the inhibitory, indirect pathway
75 bunits may cause larger tonic current in D2+ striatopallidal MSNs, and proper intracellular condition
81 tant huntingtin (mHdh) are believed to cause striatopallidal neuron vulnerability in early-stage Hunt
84 ypothesized that a D2 agonist would decrease striatopallidal neuronal activity, and hence regional ce
86 phai-coupled designer receptor hM4D in adult striatopallidal neurons and activated the receptor with
87 ceptors (A(2A)Rs) are highly enriched in the striatopallidal neurons and are implicated in instrument
89 sion of D(1a)R in striatonigral and D(2)R in striatopallidal neurons and the differential expression
90 of the D(2)R reduces coupling of A(2A)Rs on striatopallidal neurons and thereby responses to drugs t
91 elective viral-mediated knockdown of Penk in striatopallidal neurons attenuates heroin SA in adolesce
92 was then selectively and stably expressed in striatopallidal neurons by creating a transgenic mouse i
94 erived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling in striatopallidal neurons controls inhibition of locomotor
96 position further, rendering Kir2 channels in striatopallidal neurons even more susceptible to modulat
97 mately 60% to 70% of either striatonigral or striatopallidal neurons expressed mGluR1a- or mGluR5-lik
98 onigral neurons for D1 dopamine receptors or striatopallidal neurons for D2 dopamine receptors and fo
100 e CK2: knock-out of CK2 in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons has opposing effects on LID.
101 ht activation of optoA(2A)R signaling in the striatopallidal neurons in 'time-locked' manner with the
103 ference in pigeons between striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons in their dopaminergic innervatio
105 pattern of changes in both striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons is compatible with homeostatic m
107 ls in which the function of striatonigral or striatopallidal neurons is selectively disrupted due to
108 serpine (10 mg/kg) induces Fos expression in striatopallidal neurons of intact rats-an effect that is
109 medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs), the striatopallidal neurons of the so-called 'indirect' path
111 input from IT-type cortical neurons, whereas striatopallidal neurons receive greater input from PT-ty
112 Blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor in striatopallidal neurons reduces postsynaptic effects of
113 the striatal circuitry and, particularly, in striatopallidal neurons severely affected in Huntington'
115 to previous expectation, synapses formed by striatopallidal neurons were biophysically and pharmacol
118 wn to induce apoptosis of a subpopulation of striatopallidal neurons which lie in the dorsomedial cau
119 neurons, and, instead, is largely present in striatopallidal neurons, (ii) displays a striking G prot
120 ation of reserpine induces Fos expression in striatopallidal neurons, an effect blocked by pretreatme
121 unctional D2 receptors are not segregated to striatopallidal neurons, but may be expressed in a highe
122 signaling through M1 muscarinic receptors in striatopallidal neurons, but not in striatonigral neuron
123 t-pathway striatonigral and indirect-pathway striatopallidal neurons, can be further classified into
124 ive training was preferentially expressed in striatopallidal neurons, rather than striatonigral neuro
125 amine receptors located on striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, respectively, has been postulat
128 rity of the FLI positive striatal cells were striatopallidal neurons, though some FLI positive striat
129 lly expressed genes in the striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, two functionally and clinically
130 Rs) and adenosine A(2A)Rs are coexpressed on striatopallidal neurons, where they mediate opposing act
131 Specifically, enkephalin is expressed in striatopallidal neurons, whereas substance P and dynorph
132 rt differential effects on striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, which comprise distinct output
133 auses a decrease in the synaptic strength of striatopallidal neurons, which in turn might lead to a i
149 two intermingled subtypes (striatonigral and striatopallidal) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and syna
150 on the projection neurons giving rise to the striatopallidal or "indirect" pathway, they have been im
154 irect striatonigral pathway and the indirect striatopallidal pathway are necessary for smooth initiat
156 tivity in the enkephalin-containing indirect striatopallidal pathway in the expression of parkinsonia
157 e hypothesis that activation of the indirect striatopallidal pathway, previously demonstrated using n
158 eptor-expressing medium spiny neurons of the striatopallidal pathway, which is aberrantly hyperactiva
163 he mammalian circuit or of the avian lateral striatopallidal pathway: some individual Area X neurons
164 n striatoentopeduncular/substantia nigra and striatopallidal pathways might tightly interact downstre
170 alamic nuclei and lower PDE10A expression in striatopallidal projecting striatum was the strongest co
173 m were identified as either striatonigral or striatopallidal projection neurons by fluorescence retro
174 s at birth, in contrast to normal numbers of striatopallidal projection neurons expressing dopamine r
175 rease the activity of both striatonigral and striatopallidal projection neurons, and the relative act
178 with the known topographical organization of striatopallidal projections indicated that the ITN-GP pr
179 g; conversely, the increase of PDE10A in the striatopallidal projections might lead to increased inte
180 anges of PDE10A in striatoentopeduncular and striatopallidal projections might result over time in an
182 pture micro-dissected striatonigral (SN) and striatopallidal (SP) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) as play
183 ection neurons (SPNs): the striatonigral and striatopallidal SPNs, which express dopamine D1 and D2 r
189 was to identify the crucial site within the striatopallidal system where lesions disrupt the syntax
193 the hypothesis of pathologic disruption of a striatopallidal-thalamo-cortical mesocircuit induced by
194 mediodorsal nucleus and with cortico-ventral striatopallidal-thalamocortical pathways that begin and
195 ABAA receptor-mediated tonic currents in D2+ striatopallidal than D1+ striatonigral medium spiny neur
198 al ganglia and supported the grouping of the striatopallidal transition zone with the dorsal pallidum
199 neuron firing results in part from increased striatopallidal transmission and that compensatory plast
200 finding that mGluR4 may selectively modulate striatopallidal transmission raises the interesting poss
202 on activity is generated in part by elevated striatopallidal transmission, while compensatory plastic