ライフサイエンスコーパス: subtelomeric

1 to approximately 100 tandem 3.3-kb units at subtelomeric 4q and 10q.

2 genomic deletion of approximately 230 kb in subtelomeric 9p.

3 primate mammals, Liat1 genes of primates are subtelomeric, a location that tends to confer evolutiona

4 At the late time point, 9 subtelomeric and 8 central var genes were transcribed at

5 te postpatient cultures transcribed the same subtelomeric and central var genes, except for var2csa C

6 arasites carrying drug selectable markers in subtelomeric and central var loci and monitoring switchi

7 pe cells compared with sequences at proximal subtelomeric and interstitial regions of the genome.

8 esults show that dog genes located either in subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions, or in short sy

9 lications were observed, particularly within subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions.

10 ion of Tf2 elements, long noncoding RNA, and subtelomeric and stress-related genes.

11 tiation and replication fork movement in the subtelomeric and telomeric DNA of native Y' telomeres of

12 rogression through ribosomal DNA repeats and subtelomeric and telomeric DNA.

13 cell types that DNA:RNA hybrids form at many subtelomeric and telomeric regions.

14 e sites while enriched at rRNA gene cluster, subtelomeric, and pericentromeric regions.

15 Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant su

16 odes PHISTb (Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric b) domain-containing RESA-like protein 1 ex

17 The LCR22s localized to the telomeric or subtelomeric bands of gorilla chromosomes.

18 We find that subtelomeric binding is dependent on environmental condi

19 For many factors, the subtelomeric binding pattern is dynamic and undergoes fl

20 In addition, we find hotspots of subtelomeric breakage at the end of chromosomes 9q and 2

21 Human subtelomeric, but not pericentromeric, genes also exhibi

22 cated in spatial proximity to the repressive subtelomeric center, and colocalization of distinct grou

23 teractions have come from the study of yeast subtelomeric chromatin and its association with the NE,

24 R mutations, histone imbalances and aberrant subtelomeric chromatin as interconnected causes of gluco

25 t at each telomere the telomeric complex and subtelomeric chromatin cooperate to form a unique higher

26 sertion at different positions within silent subtelomeric chromatin in otherwise isogenic Saccharomyc

27 t from holo-NPCs and that it plays a role in subtelomeric chromatin organization and NE tethering.

28 y to be regulated by the organization of the subtelomeric chromatin rather than by a specific DNA ele

29 of various proteins necessary for tethering subtelomeric chromatin to the NE and the silencing of re

30 performs functionally distinct activities at subtelomeric chromatin versus the end of the chromosome,

31 In both cases, the ordered structure of the subtelomeric chromatin was disrupted, but the effect on

32 reversible inhibition of pol II activity at subtelomeric chromatin.

33 ach of these elevations is also a feature of subtelomeric chromosomal regions.

34 er family of highly related genes encoded in subtelomeric clusters.

35 Subtelomeric CTCF and cohesin sites predicted by ChIP-se

36 Our findings indicate that subtelomeric CTCF facilitates telomeric DNA replication

37 cription of telomere repeats can initiate at subtelomeric CTCF-binding sites to generate telomere rep

38 This gross structural difference places the subtelomeric defect underlying facioscapulohumeral muscu

39 pping with the centromeric end of the 230-kb subtelomeric deletion.

40 ses of the breakpoint junctions suggest that subtelomeric deletions can be stabilized by both homolog

41 and that CTBP2 is the pathogenic gene in 10q subtelomeric deletions.

42 gements in 28 unrelated patients with 9q34.3 subtelomeric deletions.

43 red a common region of gain, with associated subtelomeric deletions.

44 ir3 hyperphosphorylation that contributes to subtelomeric derepression to a limited extent.

45 Of the 20.66 Mb of subtelomeric DNA analyzed, 3.01 Mb are subtelomeric repe

46 The contribution of human subtelomeric DNA and chromatin organization to telomere

47 ound that there is a substantial fraction of subtelomeric DNA containing restriction sites that is no

48 hat, similar to yeast and humans, Drosophila subtelomeric DNA is evolving very differently from euchr

49 This subtelomeric DNA is normally heterochromatic and higher-

50 with previously reported data, reveals that subtelomeric DNA methylation controls the homeostasis of

51 s demonstrated no significant differences in subtelomeric DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, T

52 rmacological intervention partially restored subtelomeric DNA methylation.

53 addition, we describe previously undetected subtelomeric DNA replication in G2/M and G1-phase-enrich

54 mania's genome duplication programme employs subtelomeric DNA replication initiation, possibly extend

55 Finally, we show that subtelomeric DNA replication, unlike chromosome-internal

56 been ascribed to the X-region, a segment of subtelomeric DNA that is resistant to being cut by restr

57 d association of de-ubiquitinase Ubp10p with subtelomeric DNA, as detected by chromatin immunoprecipi

58 panied by catastrophic loss of telomeric and subtelomeric DNA, high levels of end-to-end chromosome f

59 ions map to four of five homology regions in subtelomeric DNA.

60 0, MSP7, and Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric domain protein.

61 Compaction of subtelomeric domains and tethering to the nuclear envelo

62 he Polycomb system that assembles repressive subtelomeric domains of H3K27 methylation (H3K27me) in t

63 form of a deacetylase complex assembles over subtelomeric domains that produces a heritable gene expr

64 specific sites including pericentromeric and subtelomeric domains, is dispensable for globule formati

65 55/RbAp48), is critical for H3K27me3 only at subtelomeric domains.

66 uin-mediated silencing of starvation-induced subtelomeric domains.

67 l, telomere R-loops cause more telomeric and subtelomeric double-strand breaks (DSBs) and increase VS

68 ells, which also have an increased amount of subtelomeric DSBs and more frequent VSG switching.

69 brought telomeric RNA:DNA hybrids, telomeric/subtelomeric DSBs and VSG switching frequency back to WT

70 deletions and GCRs at both interstitial and subtelomeric DSBs, but has little effect on the frequenc

71 -induced small deletions at interstitial and subtelomeric DSBs.

72 ms of ectopic DNA repair to the formation of subtelomeric duplications and find that non-homologous e

73 Once subtelomeric duplications arise, they are prone to homol

74 Subtelomeric dynamics result in a gene duplication rate

75 first possesses telomere repeats and the Y' subtelomeric element amplified together as a tandem arra

76 ed core X sequences revealed a role for this subtelomeric element in preventing telomeric recombinati

77 ence is the same at all chromosome ends, the subtelomeric elements (STEs) and level of TPE vary from

78 s subcomplement]) located at three different subtelomeric ends (1p, 6p, and 12p) whose expressions ar

79 In analyzing the regulation of the subtelomeric EPA6 gene, we found that its transcription

80 study, we explored whether the regulation of subtelomeric epigenetic characteristics by DNMT3B is con

81 In addition, adhesins are subject to subtelomeric epigenetic switching, resulting in stochast

82 HEI10-mediated crossover increases occur in subtelomeric euchromatin, which is reminiscent of sex di

83 VSGs are exclusively expressed from subtelomeric expression sites (ESs) where VSG genes are

84 VSGs are monoallelically expressed from subtelomeric expression sites (ESs), and VSG switching e

85 is transcribed from one of approximately 20 subtelomeric 'Expression Sites', but the role telomeres

86 Our computational results show that subtelomeric families are evolving and expanding much fa

87 ype is generated through the expression of a subtelomeric gene cluster containing genes that alter th

88 ynthesis in S. cerevisiae are grouped in two subtelomeric gene clusters.

89 d the evolution and functional divergence of subtelomeric gene families in the yeast lineage.

90 he expression of surface proteins encoded by subtelomeric gene families.

91 species and reveal substantial expansion of subtelomeric gene families.

92 We have identified a novel subtelomeric gene family in Plasmodium falciparum that e

93 at tract, SRE identity and organization, and subtelomeric gene models was established.

94 ne mutations, however, have little effect on subtelomeric gene repression or genome-wide expression,

95 3 is also sufficient to significantly reduce subtelomeric gene repression.

96 de that DAC1 and DAC3 play distinct roles in subtelomeric gene silencing and that DAC3 represents the

97 Moreover, we find that deletion of SIR3, a subtelomeric gene silencing protein, inhibits silencing

98 ation of pol II is required for silencing of subtelomeric gene transcription.

99 Rather, the data revealed upregulation of subtelomeric genes and alteration of the repressive hist

100 We also find that specific subtelomeric genes are silenced during adaptation to los

101 ene silencing protein, inhibits silencing of subtelomeric genes associated with adaptation to loss of

102 Clusters of subtelomeric genes were preferentially derepressed in a

103 s and is required for its role in repressing subtelomeric genes.

104 uch faster than families that do not contain subtelomeric genes.

105 s and derepression of a subset of associated subtelomeric genes.

106 This results in altered expression of subtelomeric genes.

107 as absent from telomeres and did not repress subtelomeric genes.

108 kii Sir2 (Td-Sir2) and Td-Sir4 and repressed subtelomeric genes.

109 ation of subtelomere-associated H2B, reduced subtelomeric H3K79 di-methylation, and increased binding

110 y a selective and Sas2-dependent increase in subtelomeric H4K16 acetylation.

111 curred in humans, including the formation of subtelomeric heterochromatic caps, the hyperexpansion of

112 one modifications and piRNA transcription in subtelomeric heterochromatin (also known as telomere-ass

113 subtelomeres are abnormally hypomethylated, subtelomeric heterochromatin acquires open chromatin cha

114 nation in regions adjacent to centromeric or subtelomeric heterochromatin and add to our understandin

115 Thus, subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly requires both the

116 Although many shelterin mutations affect subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly, the mechanism rem

117 Subtelomeric heterochromatin is characterized by the abs

118 Telomeric and adjacent subtelomeric heterochromatin pose significant challenges

119 ining a structure consisting of a segment of subtelomeric heterochromatin that inserted into a cluste

120 In yeast, all three proteins bind subtelomeric heterochromatin through a Sir3-stimulated m

121 ctions between shelterin subunits compromise subtelomeric heterochromatin without affecting CLRC inte

122 sequences included both repetitive gene-poor subtelomeric heterochromatin-like regions and their adja

123 n genomes, respectively, to the formation of subtelomeric heterochromatin.

124 n is a prerequisite for the establishment of subtelomeric heterochromatin.

125 methyltransferase complex CLRC to establish subtelomeric heterochromatin.

126 tes, we see high frequencies of mutations in subtelomeric highly variable genes and internal var gene

127 y number variations, chromosomal inversions, subtelomeric hypervariation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH

128 -like (DNMT3L) gene has been associated with subtelomeric hypomethylation.

129 All copies were subtelomeric in location except for one on chromosome 6.

130 Demonstration of the subtelomeric location of hypermethylation in endometriom

131 ositively associated methylated CpG sites in subtelomeric loci (within 4 Mb of the telomere) (P < 0.0

132 VSGs are expressed exclusively from subtelomeric loci, and we have previously shown that tel

133 ly of adhesins, which are encoded largely at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcripti

134 e EPA genes, a family of adhesins encoded at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcripti

135 in the loss of transcriptional silencing at subtelomeric loci.

136 en, VSG, which is expressed exclusively from subtelomeric loci.

137 Focusing on three related subtelomeric MAL gene families involved in disaccharide

138 xpression of TERRA in mice, we characterized subtelomeric methylation and associated telomeric functi

139 These non-canonical subtelomeric p53-binding sites conferred transcription e

140 sequence analyses reveal that pieces of the subtelomeric patchwork have changed location and copy nu

141 genome, including segmental duplications and subtelomeric, pericentromeric, and acrocentric areas.

142 ns featuring Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) domains has attracted attention, wi

143 ember of the Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) superfamily with a calculated mass

144 regions was associated with overpackaging of subtelomeric promoters.

145 ranscriptional repression of the specialized subtelomeric PTUs, the Bloodstream-form Expression-Sites

146 Thus, subtelomeric rearrangements arise from diverse mutationa

147 lications that cause some genomic disorders, subtelomeric rearrangements do not typically have recurr

148 Finally, fine-mapping the smallest subtelomeric rearrangements has narrowed the critical re

149 Subtelomeric rearrangements, including deletions, duplic

150 nction sequencing of a diverse collection of subtelomeric rearrangements.

151 equency varies at multiple scales, with high subtelomeric recombination and suppressed centromeric re

152 suggest that they rise again sharply in the subtelomeric region (approximately 80 kbp).

153 analysis reveals the presence of Hek2p at a subtelomeric region and HMR, its silencing effects at th

154 ng linkage disequilibrium between the distal subtelomeric region and the proximal telomere, which con

155 ts associated with terminal deletions of the subtelomeric region as well as the capture of a scramble

156 PCR fragment-length variation across the subtelomeric region indicated that the 1.4-kb distal reg

157 G telomeric repeats, which are preceded by a subtelomeric region of 1.5-13 kb.

158 have found a deviation from this motif in a subtelomeric region of Aspergillus fumigatus.

159 We focused on the single-copy subtelomeric region of chromosome 1 north (approximately

160 The lack of a subtelomeric region of chromosome 2 that contains kahrp

161 et of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q causes facioscapulo

162 ong macrosatellite repeats (D4Z4) within the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q.

163 contractions of the D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q.

164 nogaster contains two distinct subdomains: a subtelomeric region of repetitive DNA, termed TAS, and a

165 f the heritable variation was explained by a subtelomeric region on chromosome 6; a genome-wide assoc

166 ional changes, Ada2 occupancy increases at a subtelomeric region proximal to a SAGA-inducible gene an

167 When the sequence of the rDNA subtelomeric region was altered, we observed a decrease

168 A subtelomeric region, 4q35.2, is implicated in facioscapu

169 n stabilized telomeres and no changes in the subtelomeric region.

170 xtent of telomere growth are affected by the subtelomeric region.

171 2 causes the spreading of Sir2 and Sir3 into subtelomeric regions and decreased histone H4 K16 acetyl

172 h CpG methylation density is correlated with subtelomeric regions and Giemsa-light bands (R bands).

173 some end remodeling with DNA breaks in their subtelomeric regions and loss of distal sequences includ

174 riantly expressed gene families localised at subtelomeric regions and variant gene expression based o

175 e recombination near telomeres is repressed, subtelomeric regions appear to recombine with each other

176 We have also shown that subtelomeric regions are highly sensitive to double-stra

177 The third factor is that subtelomeric regions are highly sensitive to DSBs, so th

178 Although it is well established that subtelomeric regions are methylated, the presence of met

179 However, subtelomeric regions are sensitive to DSBs, which in nor

180 In addition the subtelomeric regions are subject to further duplications

181 eric regions in most animals examined, these subtelomeric regions are unique to each telomere.

182 asis of gradually elevating G+C fractions in subtelomeric regions as a consequence of biased gene con

183 heterozygotes also remodel crossovers toward subtelomeric regions at the expense of the pericentromer

184 Subtelomeric regions contained the most extensive genomi

185 on450 BeadChip (Illumina) array, at specific subtelomeric regions containing GPR31 and SERPINB9 genes

186 The subtelomeric regions from individual chromosome ends did

187 eats are a common feature of centromeric and subtelomeric regions in complex genomes.

188 tion changes have been described at specific subtelomeric regions in long-term meditators compared to

189 Unlike subtelomeric regions in most animals examined, these sub

190 acetylation and loss of histones at specific subtelomeric regions in replicatively old yeast cells, w

191 oting genome stability at the rDNA locus and subtelomeric regions in the most common human fungal pat

192 esents the relatively simple organization of subtelomeric regions in this species.

193 We demonstrate that recombination at subtelomeric regions is controlled by a novel DNA elemen

194 ing transcription factors concentrate at the subtelomeric regions near to chromosome ends.

195 risk for mutagenesis because they reside in subtelomeric regions of chromatin that are deficient in

196 hila are concentrated in pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions of the 5 micronuclear chromosomes,

197 ber of EPA1 paralogues which localize to the subtelomeric regions of the C. glabrata.

198 e open reading frame), located mainly in the subtelomeric regions of the parasite's 14 chromosomes.

199 either transcriptionally active or repressed subtelomeric regions of the yeast genome.

200 The transcription of genes located in subtelomeric regions of yeast chromosomes is repressed r

201 pitated with J antiserum, localized J within subtelomeric regions rich in life-stage-specific surface

202 mutation causes the spread of silencing into subtelomeric regions that are not normally silenced in w

203 Moreover, telomeres associate with subtelomeric regions through looping.

204 The sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DSBs is therefore because they a

205 proach, we show that Repo-Man is enriched at subtelomeric regions together with H2AZ and H3.3 and tha

206 leosome mapping revealed that Sir binding to subtelomeric regions was associated with overpackaging o

207 ing telomere dynamics, identifying 12 unique subtelomeric regions with variable detection efficiencie

208 centromeric, pericentromeric, telomeric and subtelomeric regions(1).

209 After exclusion of the hypervariable subtelomeric regions, a high-quality core subset of 29,8

210 nd at the ribosomal DNA locus, telomeres and subtelomeric regions, are unstable sites of eukaryotic g

211 s and contractions of known gene families in subtelomeric regions, both species also were found to ha

212 not globally alter Sir2 or Sir3 occupancy in subtelomeric regions, but only led to some telomere-spec

213 nd LTR elements, segmental duplications, and subtelomeric regions, but single-copy sequences rarely b

214 s, associated with transposable elements and subtelomeric regions, conserved across diverse human eth

215 d that hiPSCs lack appropriate 5hmC marks in subtelomeric regions, contributing to epigenetic variati

216 n resulted in clustering of intra- and inter-subtelomeric regions, demonstrating a novel role for SMA

217 TAG/TAA stop-codon replacements, deletion of subtelomeric regions, introns, transfer RNAs, transposon

218 architecture associated with centromeric and subtelomeric regions, it locally influences meiotic reco

219 htylated CpG islands was found in chromosome subtelomeric regions, suggesting a differential activity

220 Furthermore, FACT maintains nucleosomes in subtelomeric regions, which is crucial for their compact

221 and not because of a deficiency in C-NHEJ in subtelomeric regions.

222 expression by maintaining H3K9me3 levels at subtelomeric regions.

223 ation typically localized in centromeric and subtelomeric regions.

224 ross both genomes, and are enriched in human subtelomeric regions.

225 ne deacetylase and silenced genes located in subtelomeric regions.

226 repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) starting from subtelomeric regions.

227 orrelating with decreased gene expression in subtelomeric regions.

228 ive lifespan through histone H4 lysine 16 at subtelomeric regions.

229 rmation, which spreads up to 570 kb into the subtelomeric regions.

230 n linked to an antisilencing function at the subtelomeric regions.

231 occur at nonsyntenic chromosome-internal and subtelomeric regions.

232 he amount of Sir3p bound to genes located in subtelomeric regions.

233 specific DNA methylation changes at distinct subtelomeric regions.

234 h key events of synapsis initiation from the subtelomeric regions.

235 eterochromatin at Taz1-dependent islands and subtelomeric regions.

236 , or histone trimethylation at telomeres and subtelomeric regions.

237 - and cytosine (GC)-rich, highly recombining subtelomeric regions; low divergence states cover inner

238 normal and affected alleles (deleted for the subtelomeric repeat D4Z4) localize to the nuclear periph

239 osome-specific subtelomere sequences through subtelomeric repeat regions to terminal (TTAGGG)n repeat

240 Mb of subtelomeric DNA analyzed, 3.01 Mb are subtelomeric repeat sequences (Srpt),and an additional 2

241 ole of DNMT1 in the de novo methylation of a subtelomeric repeat, D4Z4, which is lost in cells lackin

242 Subtelomeric repeats with characteristics of Tandem Repe

243 y correspond to transposable elements and Y' subtelomeric repeats.

244 bination-based amplification of telomeric or subtelomeric repeats.

245 atin and USP14 adjacent to highly repetitive subtelomeric repeats.

246 teins (VSG) genes, most of which reside in a subtelomeric repository of >1000 silent genes.

247 However, extensive subtelomeric repressed domains lie outside the SIR-bindi

248 ully correlated, suggestive of CTD-dependent subtelomeric repression mechansims that act independentl

249 ce for a unique SIR-independent mechanism of subtelomeric repression mediated by cohesin.

250 chromosome-internal resection but suppressed subtelomeric resection.

251 elomerase regulator Rif1 results in elevated subtelomeric RNA levels while telomere-repeat containing

252 s serve as promoter sites; multiple distinct subtelomeric RNAs are also present.

253 The subtelomeric sequence assemblies are enriched >25-fold i

254 ublic draft and finished sequences to derive subtelomeric sequence assemblies for each of the 41 gene

255 k that leverages both protein divergence and subtelomeric sequence divergence to test the hypothesis

256 Annotation of subtelomeric sequence features as well as mapping of CTC

257 Half of the known subtelomeric sequence has formed recently, through human

258 The placement of a subtelomeric sequence or TTAGGG repeats together with a

259 canonical structure, with 3-4 kb of a unique subtelomeric sequence, followed by several kilobases of

260 Subtelomeric sequences underwent very little crossing ov

261 st genome sequences do not contain assembled subtelomeric sequences, and, as a result, subtelomeres a

262 tin at the regions adjacent to boundaries of subtelomeric sequences, which exhibit specific crossover

263 ple mutants progressively lost telomeric and subtelomeric sequences, yet grew for more than 1 year.

264 nd the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in subtelomeric sequences.

265 that can also interact with DNA, especially subtelomeric sequences.

266 We show that SIR3 and RIF1 are required for subtelomeric silencing in C. glabrata and that RIF1 regu

267 ow that deletion of UBP10 can antagonize the subtelomeric silencing phenotype of Deltachz1.

268 Here, we report a role for cohesin in subtelomeric silencing that extends even beyond the zone

269 display wild-type telomere length and intact subtelomeric silencing.

270 least two of these adhesins is regulated by subtelomeric silencing.

271 This simple subtelomeric structure differs from the centromeric-prox

272 Subtelomeric suppression of DNA repair operates in eukar

273 As short stretches of subtelomeric synapsis emerged at early zygotene, centrom

274 TeR-independent expansion and contraction of subtelomeric tandem repeats; and a variety of rearrangem

275 tological studies, provide evidence that the subtelomeric TAS region exhibits features resembling het

276 Telomeric and subtelomeric tracts are dramatically eroded, and chromos

277 identical transcriptome phenotypes, with new subtelomeric transcription in yeast, and greatly increas

278 Our results show that subtelomeric transcriptional repression is dependent on

279 3K9 and H3K27 acetylation and stimulation of subtelomeric transcripts, including telomere repeat-cont

280 evels of both telomere repeat-containing and subtelomeric transcripts.

281 t, all cultures preferentially transcribed 8 subtelomeric var genes.

282 anism by which the parasite proteins STEVOR (SubTElomeric Variable Open Reading frame) exert changes

283 ultigene families, var, rif, and stevor (for subtelomeric variable open reading frame), located mainl

284 ction of J is also located within the silent subtelomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene exp

285 ozoan parasite, relies upon rearrangement of subtelomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes to

286 Pol I-mediated transcriptional switching of subtelomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes, continu

287 an reference sequence, detect many new large subtelomeric variants and demonstrate the feasibility of

288 cal Rabl organization with colocalization of subtelomeric virulence genes, while the Toxoplasma gondi

289 meric expression sites (ESs) and from silent subtelomeric VSG arrays.

290 1 and, thus, RAP1 silencing of telomeric and subtelomeric VSG genes.

291 ange, which is significantly stronger at the subtelomeric VSG loci than at chromosome internal loci.

292 mosome-internal recombination, it suppressed subtelomeric VSG recombination, and these locus-specific

293 ion-dependent manner and sustain the active, subtelomeric VSG-associated transcription compartment.

294 ernal sites but has the opposite effect at a subtelomeric VSG.

295 er, Exo1 is critical for generating ssDNA in subtelomeric X repeats and internal single-copy sequence

296 type IA pathway involves an amplification of subtelomeric Y' elements, coupled with elongated and mor

297 me growing have variably amplified arrays of subtelomeric Y' elements.

298 dependent reverse transcription of mRNA from subtelomeric Y' repeats generates chimeric Y'-Ty1 cDNA.

299 not essential for the production of ssDNA in subtelomeric Y' repeats of cdc13-1 mutants.

300 combination events were detected between the subtelomeric Y' repeats.