ライフサイエンスコーパス: tetrapod

1 and rays) and osteichthyans (bony fishes and tetrapods).

2 s fishes) and osteichthyans (bony fishes and tetrapods).

3 ic fins in fishes and fore- and hindlimbs in tetrapods.

4 nary traits in the transition from fishes to tetrapods.

5 alaeogene data set of non-flying terrestrial tetrapods.

6 oup tetrapods to pentadactyl limbs in extant tetrapods.

7 This gene is conserved in fishes as well as tetrapods.

8 the development of the wrists and digits of tetrapods.

9 productive and vocal behaviors in fishes and tetrapods.

10 t association that predates the emergence of tetrapods.

11 of the TME in anurans is unparalleled among tetrapods.

12 ertebrae-bearing tail, equivalent to that of tetrapods.

13 spiratory organs have only been described in tetrapods.

14 ing data from 344 species in 117 families of tetrapods.

15 CN1/UTS1) in primitive fishes, teleosts, and tetrapods.

16 ts on the demography and social behaviour of tetrapods.

17 es exploring the mechanisms of digit loss in tetrapods.

18 are homologous to the wrist and/or digits of tetrapods.

19 pman fish, consistent with findings in vocal tetrapods.

20 tive of the closest ancestral lineage to all tetrapods.

21 ikely represents the ancestral condition for tetrapods.

22 ization of this prosencephalic region in all tetrapods.

23 ee disparate lineages of secondarily aquatic tetrapods.

24 fication of the basic pentadactyl pattern in tetrapods.

25 skeletal element typical of modern anamniote tetrapods.

26 , and commissural (CoP) pretectal domains of tetrapods.

27 which is quasi-epitaxially deposited on ZnO tetrapods.

28 trapodomorph fish and later, more crownward, tetrapods.

29 deles, in contrast to the situation in other tetrapods.

30 nary time, starting with the very origins of tetrapods.

31 e limbs is critical for normal behaviours in tetrapods.

32 ter is critical for proper limb formation in tetrapods.

33 been considered the ancestral morphology for tetrapods.

34 oelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods.

35 bfamily emerged in teleosts and is absent in tetrapods.

36 B/Oatp1b subfamilies appeared at the root of tetrapods.

37 tle about the presence of biofluorescence in tetrapods.

38 ch include the majority of living fishes and tetrapods.

39 ened the idea of a conserved organization in tetrapods.

40 gfishes, the closest living relatives of all tetrapods.

41 he earliest radiation of secondarily aquatic tetrapods.

42 al litter/clutch size, for 65% of threatened tetrapods.

43 ce Parmastega as a sister group to all other tetrapods.

44 which they covered the ranges of endangered tetrapods.

45 ygdala, striatum, septum, and hippocampus of tetrapods.

46 nt additions of COMMD-containing proteins in tetrapods.

47 relevant metrics, which also apply to extant tetrapods.

48 ironmental oxygen in the evolution of ICD in tetrapods.

49 han 60,000 living species of bony fishes and tetrapods.

50 es, provide useful indicators of RBC size in tetrapods.

51 han 400 million years ago before the rise of tetrapods.

52 observations made previously in other marine tetrapods.

53 pporting bounded diversification in Mesozoic tetrapods.

54 ce their evolution in a phylogeny of extinct tetrapods.

55 g into a single unit in lungfishes and early tetrapods(1).

56 than has previously been assumed for earlier tetrapods(7,9), which suggests that advanced terrestrial

57 y top consumers in today's oceans are marine tetrapods, a collection of lineages independently derive

58 Salamanders are the only adult tetrapods able to regenerate the limb, and the contribut

59 mparison of Ichthyostega with two other stem tetrapods, Acanthostega and Pederpes, shows that reverse

60 ell known as an ichnological window on small tetrapod activity and based on diversity, abundance and

61 In tetrapods, additional duplications predate and postdate

62 In tetrapods, adjacent somite halves recombine to form a si

63 us distal upper versus lower limb muscles of tetrapod adults may be derived.

64 ry systems was already present in the common tetrapod ancestor.

65 xolotl (Mexican salamander), a model for the tetrapod ancestor.

66 resent previously unknown morphologies for a tetrapod and, thus, a dramatic expansion of known tetrap

67 e crown tetrapod tree, in contrast with stem tetrapods and 'fishes'.

68 ave numerous features distinctive from other tetrapods and a rich history of genome evolution that is

69 endages is key to the superior locomotion of tetrapods and aquatic vertebrates.

70 In tetrapods and bipeds, dynamic regulation of locomotion i

71 present 450 My ago in the common ancestor of tetrapods and bony fish and diversified as multigene fam

72 hly similar to those of orthologous genes in tetrapods and consistent with a three-prosomere organiza

73 tional consequences of limb anatomy in early tetrapods and how that anatomy influenced locomotion cap

74 duction or disappearance of dominant plants, tetrapods and invertebrates and a bloom of microbially-i

75 Many tetrapods and non-teleost actinopterygians have undergon

76 us shares many neuroanatomical features with tetrapods and particularly with amphibians.

77 f vertebral column evolution in the earliest tetrapods and raises questions about the presumed verteb

78 l crest cells in the last common ancestor of tetrapods and ray-finned fish lacked the ability to form

79 rebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills majo

80 tween the fin rays of fish and the digits of tetrapods and suggest that digits originated via the tra

81 A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an addit

82 e origin of O-MALT predates the emergence of tetrapods and that TNF family members play a conserved r

83 stage for the diversification of terrestrial tetrapods and the establishment of modern ecological nic

84 The origin of tetrapods and the transition from swimming to walking wa

85 d reconstructions of muscle anatomy in early tetrapods and their relatives.

86 t the enhancement of the pelvic appendage of tetrapods and, indeed, a trend toward hind limb-based pr

87 s [1]: Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes).

88 For example, BALM is not identifiable in tetrapods, and APRIL is not identifiable in several bony

89 n the last common ancestor of coelacanth and tetrapods, and have expanded and diversified in the mamm

90 y considered the closest living relatives of tetrapods, and represent an interesting group for the st

91 ticles with anisotropic shapes such as rods, tetrapods, and wires; however, the synthesis of other sh

92 a critical element of the feeding system in tetrapod animals for their successful adaptation to terr

93 loidal polymers that carry the semiconductor tetrapod as a side chain group attached to the CoNP coll

94 assembly into colloidal polymers that carry tetrapods as side chain groups that mimic "giant tert-bu

95 le resource for deep comparative analyses of tetrapods, as well as for tuatara biology and conservati

96 omponent of an otherwise typical 'Gondwanan' tetrapod assemblage, including notosuchian crocodiles, a

97 scures answers to key questions, such as how tetrapods attained their tremendous extant diversity.

98 about vertebral anatomy in the earliest stem tetrapods, because most specimens remain trapped in surr

99 This phenomenon is uncommon in tetrapods, being restricted mostly to parrots and marine

100 A remarkable property of tetrapod bone is its ability to detect and remodel areas

101 Gar bridges teleosts to tetrapods by illuminating the evolution of immunity, min

102 king and photobleaching behaviours of single tetrapods can be controlled.

103 Salamanders are the only living tetrapods capable of fully regenerating limbs.

104 nosaurs (birds) are the most speciose living tetrapod clade.

105 alibrated phylogenies representing the major tetrapod clades (amphibians, birds, crocodilians, mammal

106 portant feeding structure present in several tetrapod clades, including modern birds.

107 MRI scans of the closest living relatives of tetrapods: coelacanths and lungfish.

108 In tetrapods collagen type I is a trimer mainly composed of

109 The recognition of heterogeneous tetrapod communities in the Triassic implies that the en

110 ongest-surviving group of secondarily marine tetrapods, comparable in diversity to today's cetaceans.

111 For tetrapods, comparative expression pattern analysis of ho

112 with only two muscles to the highly complex tetrapod condition.

113 ed), whereas elephant shark, coelacanth, and tetrapods contain four Hox clusters owing to two rounds

114 rophied sacral rib; fusion of these bones in tetrapods creates an acetabulum.

115 The search for antecedents of tetrapod digits in fish has remained controversial becau

116 3 (Gli3), which is an anterior repressor of tetrapod digits, is expressed in the posterior half of t

117 can affinities and clearly demonstrates that tetrapod dispersal into Gondwana was already underway at

118 Until now, most knowledge on tetrapod distribution during the medial Permian has come

119 Gondwana that sheds new light on patterns of tetrapod distribution.

120 lts show a highly stable pattern of Mesozoic tetrapod diversity at regional and local levels, underpi

121 diapsids, and evolved in a small ectothermic tetrapod during the Palaeozoic era at least a hundred mi

122 late Devonian extinction, when teleosts and tetrapods each diversified in their respective habitats,

123 red for aquatic fishes and terrestrial crown tetrapods, each of which is defined by a different combi

124 cessibility to this dipolar heterostructured tetrapod enabled the use of these as colloidal monomers

125 ing regeneration allowed us to assign a limb tetrapod equivalent segment to Polypterus fin skeletal s

126 of terrestrial, limb-based locomotion during tetrapod evolution has remained a subject of debate for

127 of functional SOX-binding sites in E4 during tetrapod evolution, and their subsequent stabilization i

128 Present knowledge of Late Triassic tetrapod evolution, including the rise of dinosaurs, rel

129 t 400 Mya and represent a transition step in tetrapod evolution.

130 anth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.

131 podomorph fishes, it seems that either early tetrapods evolved through an initial stage of restricted

132 ted class of nanocrystals, CdSe/CdS core/arm tetrapods exhibit the unusual trait of two-colour (red a

133 e trunk into two discrete layers, while most tetrapods expand this pattern in the thorax and abdomen

134 aquatic to a terrestrial environment, early tetrapods faced the challenges of terrestrial locomotion

135 Instead, humeri of stem tetrapods fall at the base of the crown tetrapod landsca

136 we report on a new early Permian continental tetrapod fauna from South America in tropical Western Go

137 260 Ma: Guadalupian) was a time of important tetrapod faunal changes, in particular reflecting a turn

138 tion (252.3 Ma) affected the distribution of tetrapod faunas within the southern hemisphere and apply

139 ddle Triassic was a time of major changes in tetrapod faunas worldwide, but the fossil record for thi

140 possesses a unique combination of ancestral tetrapod features and anuran-specific novelties.

141 million years younger than the oldest known tetrapod footprints(35).

142 The tetrapod forelimb is one of the most versatile structure

143 pod and, thus, a dramatic expansion of known tetrapod forelimb morphospace.

144 rvating the pectoral fins, equivalent to the tetrapod forelimbs.

145 rous subsampling approach to a comprehensive tetrapod fossil occurrence data set to assess the group'

146 n assumption that the largest known Devonian tetrapod fossils represent adult individuals.

147 s (La Rioja, Argentina), where more than 100 tetrapod fossils were newly collected, augmented by hist

148 illion years younger than the earliest known tetrapod fragments(5,10), and nearly 30 million years yo

149 In contrast to other tetrapods, frogs have a highly derived body plan and sim

150 ynthesis of a heterostructured semiconductor tetrapod from CdSe@CdS that carries a single dipolar nan

151 cribe Parmastega aelidae gen. et sp. nov., a tetrapod from Russia dated to the earliest Famennian age

152 of Triassurus sixtelae, a hitherto enigmatic tetrapod from the Middle/Late Triassic of Kyrgyzstan, wh

153 ertebrate lineage prior to the divergence of tetrapods from teleosts.

154 knowledge, life history data for a Devonian tetrapod, from the Acanthostega mass-death deposit of St

155 he split between extant lobe-finned fish and tetrapods, from a very simple fin phenotype with only tw

156 features extensive synteny conservation with tetrapod genomes, making it a good model for comparative

157 is exclusively European, almost every higher tetrapod group was affected by a substantial decline acr

158 Our findings demonstrate that tetrapod groups common in later Permian and Triassic tem

159 nication evolved independently in most major tetrapod groups, often with remarkably ancient origins (

160 cal release and radiation of numerous modern tetrapod groups.

161 l character in defining and diagnosing early tetrapod groups.

162 By the mid-Visean, tetrapods had become effectively terrestrial as attested

163 the local richness of non-flying terrestrial tetrapods has risen asymptotically since their initial c

164 er-saving than is assumed of anamniote early tetrapods-has previously been linked to the terrestriali

165 Although most tetrapods have limbs with five digits (pentadactyl limbs

166 herefore, although speciose groups of modern tetrapods have Mesozoic origins, rates of Mesozoic diver

167 Throughout their evolution, tetrapods have repeatedly colonised a series of ecologic

168 ygdaloid complexes in amphibians (anamniotic tetrapods) have strengthened the idea of a conserved org

169 regulate the digital pattern in the limbs of tetrapods (i.e. land-based vertebrates).

170 ebral architecture of the Late Devonian stem tetrapod Ichthyostega using propagation phase-contrast X

171 ir closest fossil relatives are unique among tetrapods in expressing a high degree of pectoral girdle

172 evelopment in salamanders differs from other tetrapods in that the first digits to form are the two m

173 re weak sounds that emanate from the ears of tetrapods in the absence of acoustic stimulation.

174 Salamanders are unparalleled among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate many structures

175 lobe-finned sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) in lung structure.

176 all sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods), in which Pax6 would be needed to maintain sp

177 some fossil sarcopterygians, including stem tetrapods, in having large paired openings (spiracles) o

178 nication is crucial to humans and many other tetrapods, including birds, frogs, crocodilians, and mam

179 mental studies in sound-producing fishes and tetrapods indicate that central pattern generating netwo

180 In crown group tetrapods, individual digits are homologized in relation

181 lend strong support for the hypothesis that tetrapods inherited a bona fide limb regeneration progra

182 The total potential energy of a tetrapod is found to be lower than that of a ZB sphere a

183 which show that the overall behaviour of the tetrapod is governed by the buckling of the central join

184 the morphology and palaeobiology of Devonian tetrapods is dominated by the near complete fossils of I

185 The pelvic girdle and appendage of tetrapods is dramatically larger and more robust than th

186 stem tetrapods fall at the base of the crown tetrapod landscape, indicating that the capacity for ter

187 Species diversity of non-flying terrestrial tetrapods less than doubled over this interval, despite

188 aploid spermatids express the homolog of the tetrapod LHCGR (Lhcgrba).

189 scribed as being able to walk on land with a tetrapod-like gait.

190 how that skate trunk vertebrae arise through tetrapod-like resegmentation, with anterior and posterio

191 ntrinsic FDB pattern represents the original tetrapod limb and that translocation of the muscles to f

192 These features are particularly striking as tetrapod limb development has otherwise been shown to be

193 tudies have produced a generalized model for tetrapod limb development, urodeles deviate from anurans

194 Iterative joints are a hallmark of the tetrapod limb, and their positioning is a key step durin

195 proposed to be involved in the origin of the tetrapod limb, is required for the pentadactyl state.

196 In the tetrapod limb, the digits (fingers or toes) are the elem

197 ficant departure from the typical five-digit tetrapod limb.

198 ework to interrogate joint patterning in the tetrapod limb.

199 Tetrapod limbs are patterned by asonic hedgehog(Shh)-exp

200 Previous accounts of the origin of tetrapod limbs have postulated a relatively sudden chang

201 changes that led to the muscular anatomy of tetrapod limbs have therefore remained relatively unexpl

202 volutionary transformation of fish fins into tetrapod limbs is a fundamental problem in biology.

203 nbaur to propose that paired fins (and hence tetrapod limbs) originally evolved via transformation of

204 a on regulatory modulations of fish fins and tetrapod limbs, and case studies exploring the mechanism

205 se specialized regions and the patterning of tetrapod limbs.

206 e paired fins, the piscine homologues of the tetrapod limbs.

207 various evolutionary adaptations and in the tetrapod line, the circuit complexity increased.

208 ved around the divergence of the terrestrial tetrapod lineage from its aquatic ancestors and could be

209 transition impacted the emergence of modern tetrapod lineages.

210 en proposed as possible models for ancestral tetrapod locomotion, despite extant fishes being quite d

211 Despite the crucial role of the sternum in tetrapod locomotion, little attention has been given to

212 he longer trachea of birds compared to other tetrapods made them likely predisposed for the evolution

213 h form a distinct cluster separated from the tetrapod MATEs/Mates.

214 Our results suggest that stem tetrapods may have used transitional gaits(5,11) during

215 illustration of this is the evolution of the tetrapod middle ear, adapted to life on land.

216 fast-breeding ray-finned fishes, sharks, and tetrapods, most under 1 meter in length from snout to ta

217 our findings suggest that the characteristic tetrapod musculoskeletal limb phenotype was already pres

218 The formation of Cu2SnSe3 tetrapod nanocrystals is reported using a hot injection

219 otherapy using specially designed zinc oxide tetrapod nanoparticles (ZOTEN) with engineered oxygen va

220 To determine whether resegmentation is a tetrapod novelty, or an ancestral feature of jawed verte

221 The results are then generalized for tetrapods of different size-scales and shapes.

222 ks, built from interconnected hollow tubular tetrapods of multilayer graphene, are ultra-lightweight

223 We created dispersion fields for all tetrapods of South America, and characterized the orient

224 The known diversity of tetrapods of the Devonian period has increased markedly

225 Among tetrapods, only urodele salamanders, such as the axolotl

226 e (ZB) nanocrystal (NC) can transform into a tetrapod or an octapod as a result of heating, by a loca

227 utonomous interspersed TE, originates in the tetrapod or possibly Sarcopterygii ancestor, which far p

228 The partial sphere-to-tetrapod or sphere-to-octapod transition occurs within s

229 e number of digits has evolved many times in tetrapods, particularly in cursorial mammals that travel

230 micropodia The position of Eocaecilia within tetrapod phylogeny is controversial, as it already acqui

231 Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, a very large (>8.6 m) ichthyosaur fro

232 to pseudo-spherical CdO nanocrystals and ZnO tetrapods, producing fully transformed and shape-control

233 ) blended with linear nanorods and nanoscale tetrapod Quantum Dots (tQDs), in electrospun fibers and

234 Marine tetrapods quickly diversified and were established as ma

235 e evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevat

236 we show that lungfishes, the sister group of tetrapods, regenerate their fins through morphological s

237 ents, but the life histories of the earliest tetrapods remain completely unknown, leaving a major gap

238 d other lissamphibians, as well as Paleozoic tetrapods, remains considerable.

239 t sarcopterygians and limb anatomy of extant tetrapods, respectively - occurred at the same nodes as

240 Among extant tetrapods, salamanders are unique in showing a reversed

241 ruence among biodiversity hotspots, and that tetrapod sampling has historically concentrated in only

242 raced back to ancient lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods (Sarcopterygii).

243 phibians, decedents of the first land-living tetrapods, seem to exhibit a mix of ancient as well as m

244 We tested two tetrapod-shaped concrete substrates (7.9 and 9.8 cm in d

245 Corner-truncated octahedra formed tetrapod-shaped supercrystals at room temperature, but o

246 Humeri of stem tetrapods share a unique suite of functional adaptations

247 pare to the POA and anterior hypothalamus of tetrapods.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Studies of neuropeptide

248 We show that only 1.3% of the tetrapod species have comprehensive information on birth

249 The development of hindlimbs in tetrapod species relies specifically on the transcriptio

250 ve embryonic gene expression analyses across tetrapod species suggest ASHCE-associated genes have uni

251 gene was identified for the first time in a tetrapod species, so far known only from bony fish and b

252 ining 27,260 occurrences of 4,898 non-marine tetrapod species.

253 A repertoires and expression patterns, in 11 tetrapod species.

254 olutionary relationships across thousands of tetrapod species.

255 Up to now, only two localities have yielded tetrapod specimens from the Tournaisian stage: one in Sc

256 Among tetrapods, sternum morphology is correlated with the mod

257 average recruit survival was 9.6% and 67% of tetrapods still harboured at least one coral colony, and

258 tures are consistent across nearly all known tetrapods, suggesting that the morphospace encompassed b

259 polypterid spiracles with those of some stem tetrapods suggests that spiracular air breathing may hav

260 synthesis of an asymmetric heterostructured tetrapod that is capable of 1D dipolar assembly into col

261 ay's marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their o

262 a cosmopolitan clade of secondarily aquatic tetrapods that inhabited low-latitude, nearshore environ

263 Salamanders are the only modern tetrapods that retained regenerative capacities as well

264 (CPG) morphotype is proposed for fishes and tetrapods that shares evolutionary developmental origins

265 r-like regeneration is an ancient feature of tetrapods that was subsequently lost at least once in th

266 mer using body undulations (lamprey), but in tetrapods the downstream projections from the MLR to bra

267 e largest family of transcription factors in tetrapods, the Kruppel-associated box domain zinc finger

268 dy of comparative gene expression studies of tetrapods, there is considerably less comparative data a

269 y wall pattern, restricted to the non-mammal tetrapod thorax and abdomen, is observed in the mammalia

270 protection for 100% of the USA's endangered tetrapods through targeted protection of undeveloped pub

271 of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, through the production and subsequent functio

272 tif, evolutionarily conserved from the first tetrapods to man, that is crucial for higher order struc

273 ansition from polydactyl limbs in stem-group tetrapods to pentadactyl limbs in extant tetrapods.

274 us lncRNA and protein-coding families across tetrapods to reconstruct an evolutionarily conserved co-

275 portant respiratory strategy during the fish-tetrapod transition from water to land.

276 As tetrapods transitioned from water to land, lungs replace

277 or such dryland adaptations across the crown tetrapod tree, in contrast with stem tetrapods and 'fish

278 Unlike any other tetrapod, turtles form their dorsal bony shell (carapace

279 osition of a single AuNP tip onto a CdSe@CdS tetrapod under UV-irradiation.

280 ificantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features.

281 of local richness in Phanerozoic terrestrial tetrapods using a global data set comprising 145,332 tax

282 ic communication in terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods), using phylogenetic methods.

283 Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many

284 e employ the most comprehensive database for tetrapod vertebrates in Uruguay (spanning 664 species) a

285 might have occurred during the evolution of tetrapod vertebrates to enable bulk sodium absorption du

286 s constitutes the fundamental mechanism that tetrapod vertebrates use for locomotion and limb-driven

287 mechanism for Th transcription conserved in tetrapod vertebrates.

288 itry and allow evolutionary comparisons with tetrapod vertebrates.

289 e mechanical response of single aerographite tetrapods via in situ scanning electron and atomic force

290 The transition from fish to tetrapod was arguably the most radical series of adaptiv

291 Seeding tetrapods was most effective in reefs with moderately to

292 gradualistic evolutionary diversification of tetrapods was punctuated by brief but dramatic episodes

293 The tetrapods were efficiently deployed by wedging them in r

294 eri, one of the world's smallest terrestrial tetrapods, which lacks a middle ear yet produces acousti

295 ate this by Pt deposition on CdSe-seeded CdS tetrapods, which we found to be facilitated via the surp

296 e that digits emerged in lobed fins of early tetrapods, which were polydactylous.

297 endicular muscles of sarcopterygian fish and tetrapods will allow more detailed reconstructions of mu

298 to occur as 1D linear heterostructures or 3D tetrapods with growth in one phase and termination in th

299 Past and present human disruptions to marine tetrapods, with cascading impacts on marine ecosystems,

300 Furthermore, hollow core-shell tetrapod ZnS@CdS heterostructures were readily accessibl