ライフサイエンスコーパス: toxigenic

1 es from both PUD and gastritis patients were toxigenic (35/46 and 29/35, respectively).

2 merase chain reaction was used to analyze 50 toxigenic, 39 nontoxigenic, and 2 toxin-defective isolat

3 Vesicles from the more toxigenic 60190 strain contain more VacA (s1i1 type) tha

4 etinal pigmented cells, transgenic mice with toxigenic ablation of neural crest-derived melanocytes h

5 emination of the PA- mutant, suggesting that toxigenic action occurs in close proximity to secreting

6 In addition, another potentially toxigenic algal species, Pseudo-nitzschia, was present a

7 Subjects positive for C. difficile by toxigenic anaerobic culture were asked to submit additio

8 Relative to toxigenic anaerobic culture, the sensitivity, specificit

9 concordance with those of the Elek test: 87 toxigenic and 158 nontoxigenic isolates.

10 Among these 14 cases, 1 was toxigenic and 3 were non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae by cul

11 We found that toxigenic and atoxigenic isolates employ distinct mechan

12 which regions of vacA were exchanged between toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.

13 thods for detecting alterations within both, toxigenic and nontoxigenic C. difficile strains after va

14 The expression of fpn by both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains suggests that this pr

15 h variable propensity to filament among both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains.

16 ant proportions of C. difficile in swine are toxigenic and often are associated with antimicrobial re

17 We examined transcriptomes of three toxigenic and three atoxigenic isolates of A. flavus in

18 ages 1-2 and 9-12 months were tested for non-toxigenic and toxigenic C. difficile (TCD).

19 reduction is found in colonisation with non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains.

20 Both toxigenic and weak toxigenic strains gave clear and repr

21 trains of V. cholerae, including attenuated, toxigenic, and environmental isolates.

22 t mice were challenged with nonencapsulated, toxigenic B. anthracis or with anthrax toxins.

23 of B. anthracis infection using infusion of toxigenic B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 bacteria (5 x 10(5) t

24 FT), we studied the expression of bft in non-toxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) strains.

25 A and B genes by PCR, and only two contained toxigenic bacteria.

26 Toxigenic bacterial culture was performed as follows.

27 utralization assay (CCCNA), and to anaerobic toxigenic bacterial culture, as the "gold standard," for

28 omated sample-to-result molecular test, to a toxigenic bacterial culture/cell cytotoxin neutralizatio

29 The toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae belonging to the O1

30 ted with human fecal material containing the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

31 B. anthracis Ames and more like those of the toxigenic but nonencapsulated B. anthracis Sterne.

32 We noted no increase in mortality when toxigenic C difficile alone was present.

33 Cytotoxigenic culture detects toxigenic C difficile and gives a positive result more f

34 mark, we found that asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic C difficile in hospitals increase risk of infe

35 itals in Denmark, screening all patients for toxigenic C difficile in the intestine upon admittance,

36 were colonized with toxigenic (TCD) and non-toxigenic C. difficile (NTCD), respectively.

37 four (79%) were not colonized, 40 (15%) had toxigenic C. difficile (TCD), and 15 (6%) had nontoxigen

38 -12 months were tested for non-toxigenic and toxigenic C. difficile (TCD).

39 n the evaluation of new diagnostic tests for toxigenic C. difficile (where the best reference standar

40 alternative FDA-cleared molecular tests for toxigenic C. difficile (Xpert C. difficile, Illumigene C

41 levated pMK2 correlated with the presence of toxigenic C. difficile among 100 patient stool samples s

42 We compared the Portrait Toxigenic C. difficile Assay, a new semiautomated sample

43 s significantly more sensitive for detecting toxigenic C. difficile bacteria than cytotoxin neutraliz

44 f each index case with CDI were screened for toxigenic C. difficile by culturing rectal swabs.

45 13 (16.5%) of 683 subjects were positive for toxigenic C. difficile by direct toxigenic culture, and

46 ating and/or isolating patients positive for toxigenic C. difficile by PCR but negative for in vivo t

47 ecutive stool samples (n = 312) positive for toxigenic C. difficile by the GeneXpert C. difficile/Epi

48 Toxigenic C. difficile culture was performed on the 12 d

49 tients, perirectal swabs provide an accurate toxigenic C. difficile detection strategy.

50 nd to toxigenic culture for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile directly from fecal specimens.

51 We typed 350 isolates of toxigenic C. difficile from 2008 to 2009 from seven labo

52 when the reference standard was recovery of toxigenic C. difficile from stool plus the presence of c

53 quired to confirm the presence or absence of toxigenic C. difficile in GDH-positive/CDT-negative spec

54 ve (both tests negative) for the presence of toxigenic C. difficile in less than 30 min and with mini

55 ted by laboratory data, and the detection of toxigenic C. difficile in stool does not necessarily con

56 and easy-to use assays for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile in stool specimens.

57 In addition to sensitively detecting toxigenic C. difficile in stool, on-demand PCR may also

58 In addition to the infection due to toxigenic C. difficile in the gastrointestinal tract of

59 rapid, and accurate method for detection of toxigenic C. difficile in unformed stool specimens and i

60 say an important advance in the diagnosis of toxigenic C. difficile infection.

61 s performed on DNA samples isolated from 199 toxigenic C. difficile isolates (31% BI/NAP1) from 2001

62 Prodesse ProGastro Cd assay did detect more toxigenic C. difficile isolates than the CCCNA.

63 Toxigenic C. difficile isolates were cultured from stool

64 te CCNA testing detects an additional 23% of toxigenic C. difficile missed by direct CCNA.

65 The optimal approach for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile remains controversial because no

66 is negative but a high clinical suspicion of toxigenic C. difficile remains, (ii) in the evaluation o

67 el to the donor strain, demonstrating that a toxigenic C. difficile strain is capable of converting a

68 CD305 and the transfer of 023_CTn3 to a non-toxigenic C. difficile strain, which may have implicatio

69 ich may have implications for the use of non-toxigenic C. difficile strains as live attenuated vaccin

70 Cdiff assay was more sensitive in detecting toxigenic C. difficile than the Tox A/B II assay (P < 0.

71 ive and specific method for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile that can provide same-day results

72 in detection of the toxin B (tcdB) gene from toxigenic C. difficile The Revogene instrument is a new

73 Toxigenic C. difficile was detected in 6.0% (27/451) aft

74 Transmission was defined as possible if toxigenic C. difficile was detected in contacts, as prob

75 The "gold standard" for toxigenic C. difficile was detection of C. difficile by

76 tivity of the GDH-Q as a screening test, and toxigenic C. difficile was found in 1.9% of 211 GDH-Q-ne

77 eadout, creating a manual assay that detects toxigenic C. difficile with high sensitivity and specifi

78 in EIA was sufficiently sensitive to exclude toxigenic C. difficile, and combining EIAs with CYT in a

79 re GDH positive, 866 of 1447 (60%) contained toxigenic C. difficile, and fecal toxin was detected in

80 a suggest that the PaLoc is highly stable in toxigenic C. difficile, nontoxigenic isolates lack the u

81 ents screened, 314 (10.4%) were positive for toxigenic C. difficile, of whom 226 (7.5%) were detected

82 ed to anaerobic culture for the detection of toxigenic C. difficile, the Prodesse ProGastro Cd assay

83 ive method for highly sensitive detection of toxigenic C. difficile.

84 e confounded by asymptomatic colonization by toxigenic C. difficile.

85 88 were determined to be true positives for toxigenic C. difficile.

86 ese 14 cases, 1 was toxigenic and 3 were non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae by culture and Elek, 6 were cul

87 The toxigenic C. diphtheriae isolate NCTC13129 produces thre

88 se of fatal respiratory diphtheria caused by toxigenic C. diphtheriae resistant to penicillin and all

89 t a potential reservoir for the emergence of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains if they possessed funct

90 Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members

91 herefore represent a potential reservoir for toxigenic C. diphtheriae.

92 y might be of assistance for differentiating toxigenic C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical laboratorie

93 rium diphtheriae strains and occasionally by toxigenic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis strains.

94 espiratory diphtheria-like illness caused by toxigenic C. ulcerans were identified.

95 In vitro, cells were infected with toxigenic cag-positive or nontoxigenic cag-negative stra

96 During coculture, wild-type, toxigenic, cagA-positive H. pylori induced both apoptosi

97 the hamsters were given 100 spores of 1 of 3 toxigenic CD strains previously shown to cause mortality

98 preventing CDAD in hamsters challenged with toxigenic CD strains, which suggests that use of a probi

99 trains for preventing CDAD after exposure to toxigenic CD.

100 erful approach for addressing this question, toxigenic cell ablation of specific subpopulations, has

101 tbreak in southeastern China was caused by a toxigenic clone of S. mitis.

102 8 (14%) had positive perirectal cultures for toxigenic Clostridioides difficile on admission.

103 have suggested that asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Clostridium difficile are a source of hospital

104 ATs) are reliable tools for the detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile from unformed (liquid or

105 dentify and isolate asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Clostridium difficile has been limited by the

106 ences, San Diego, CA) tests for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in 459 stool samples (9.

107 zation assay (TBC/CCNA) for the detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in 549 stool specimens.

108 s gut microbiota, which consequently enables toxigenic Clostridium difficile species to proliferate a

109 Toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains produce two toxi

110 rrin was measured in 112 patients tested for toxigenic Clostridium difficile using glutamate dehydrog

111 ibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and toxigenic Clostridium difficile), parasites (Giardia lam

112 cted 17 (68%) of 25 asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Clostridium difficile, including 93% with skin

113 two-step algorithm for optimal detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile.

114 to 15% of healthy adults are colonized with toxigenic Clostridium difficile.

115 evaluated a two-step algorithm for detecting toxigenic Clostridium difficile: an enzyme immunoassay f

116 Toxigenic Clostridium sordellii causes uncommon but high

117 This toxigenic conversion of V. cholerae has evident implicat

118 ost-to-host phage transmission can result in toxigenic conversion within the secondary host.

119 Human infections caused by toxigenic corynebacteria occur sporadically across Europ

120 In total, there were 20 cases of toxigenic corynebacteria; 12 (60.0%) were caused by Cory

121 ne focus of continued circulation of endemic toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been identifie

122 at approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and

123 potentially fatal infection mostly caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and occasi

124 Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains cause diph

125 When 23 toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, 9 nontoxi

126 entially fatal respiratory disease caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

127 The prevalence of toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. highlights the need for p

128 Despite high population immunity, occasional toxigenic corynebacterium strains are identified in Engl

129 ogical and molecular characterization of all toxigenic corynebacterium strains isolated in England be

130 ith similar illness produced occasionally by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans or, rarely, Corynebac

131 We report that some toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans strains show atypical

132 patient with cutaneous diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans who developed a right

133 in the number of human infections caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans.

134 cholera epidemic, we isolated two novel non-toxigenic (ctxA/B-negative) Vibrio cholerae O1.

135 fficile, and Illumigene C. difficile and for toxigenic culture (P was <0.01 for all except Tox A/B II

136 ficile by toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and toxigenic culture (TC).

137 lex; assays that detect toxigenic organisms (toxigenic culture [TC] and nucleic acid amplification te

138 imens with discrepant results were tested by toxigenic culture as an independent "gold standard." Of

139 Using toxigenic culture as the "gold standard", the sensitivit

140 ard cell culture neutralization assay and to toxigenic culture for the detection of toxigenic C. diff

141 ve by using the combined direct and enriched toxigenic culture method (reference method), for a preva

142 esults of combined direct and broth-enriched toxigenic culture methods in a large, multicenter clinic

143 patients, PCR, glutamate dehydrogenase, and toxigenic culture results converted to negative at simil

144 Anaerobic toxigenic culture was done by heating an additional 1.0

145 Toxigenic culture was performed for 41 samples with disc

146 When toxigenic culture was used as the "gold standard," the s

147 Toxigenic culture was used as the reference method for d

148 ive value, and negative predictive value for toxigenic culture were 94.7, 98.6, 87.1, and 99.5%, resp

149 d forty-three patients with CDI confirmed by toxigenic culture were evaluated in this study.

150 cytotoxicity testing of the isolates (i.e., toxigenic culture with enrichment) and the study sites'

151 Compared to results for toxigenic culture with enrichment, the sensitivity, spec

152 the genes associated with toxin production ("toxigenic culture").

153 ositive for toxigenic C. difficile by direct toxigenic culture, and 141 of 682 subjects were positive

154 tigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), toxigenic culture, and fecal calprotectin were performed

155 by toxigenic culture, five were positive by toxigenic culture, and seven were not available for furt

156 The testing methodologies, including toxigenic culture, cell cytotoxicity, antigen detection,

157 ty using four variables including toxin EIA, toxigenic culture, clinical diagnosis, and fecal calprot

158 A single model comprising toxigenic culture, clinical diagnosis, and toxin EIA sho

159 Of these, two were negative by toxigenic culture, five were positive by toxigenic cultu

160 toxin B genes, glutamate dehydrogenase, and toxigenic culture, from positive to negative during CDI

161 Thus, in comparison to the sensitivity of toxigenic culture, the sensitivities of the toxin immuno

162 Compared to enhanced toxigenic culture, the sensitivity and specificity of th

163 Compared to toxigenic culture, the sensitivity, specificity, and pos

164 the symptomatic carrier proportion among the toxigenic culture-positive cases was >80%.

165 ifficile NAAT, and with a reference standard toxigenic culture.

166 10 patients were diagnosed with CDI based on toxigenic culture.

167 ), all were determined to be positive by the toxigenic culture.

168 Discordant results were resolved by toxigenic culture.

169 nd in combination, were compared to those of toxigenic culture.

170 assay were compared to those of both PCR and toxigenic culture.

171 as 15.7% (n = 44) as determined by anaerobic toxigenic culture.

172 TOX-B] test; TechLab, Blacksburg, VA) and to toxigenic culture.

173 mpared to those for direct CCNA and enhanced toxigenic culture.

174 ncordant specimens were further evaluated by toxigenic culture.

175 ll three amplification assays or positive by toxigenic culture.

176 ity neutralization assay (CCNA) and enhanced toxigenic culture.

177 .7, 98.6, 87.1, and 99.5%, respectively, for toxigenic culture; 87.7, 98.6, 86.2, and 98.8%, respecti

178 s been recognised, beta-lactam resistance in toxigenic diphtheria has not been described.

179 pathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), also known as enterohemorrhagi

180 Since EPEC is genetically related to Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), we wondered whether the benefi

181 , enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli [STEC]), Shigella/enteroinvasive E. co

182 opathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli(STEC).

183 We found that superinfection of toxigenic El Tor strains with RS1varphi, followed by ino

184 cholerae but were notably absent in all non-toxigenic environmental isolates that lacked the genes f

185 Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection causes sever

186 h diarrhea during the 2011 outbreak of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 in Germany.

187 Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) use subtilase cytotoxi

188 xin (SubAB), produced by non-O157 type Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), is an important virul

189 glets inoculated intragastrically with Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli but not in 29 controls.

190 intestinal lumen during infection with Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli must translocate across the e

191 xample, we can accurately identify the Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O104: H4 strain which led to

192 and the subtilase cytotoxin SubAB from Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, which induce ER stress by ot

193 ium species, but appear to accommodate these toxigenic fungi differently from cultivated crops.

194 Infection of maize kernels by toxigenic fungi remains a challenging problem despite de

195 among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi.

196 ed to prevent infection of growing plants by toxigenic fungi.

197 broad resistance to pathogens including the toxigenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

198 Stachybotrys chartarum is a toxigenic fungus that has been associated with human hea

199 Stachybotrys chartarum is a toxigenic fungus that has been associated with human hea

200 rape infection by Penicillium, a potentially toxigenic fungus, is relevant to preserve grape quality

201 xfordshire, United Kingdom, identified eight toxigenic genotypes.

202 cillus anthracis (anthrax), a spore-forming, toxigenic gram-positive bacillus.

203 regulating metal ion concentrations in this toxigenic human pathogen.

204 The dramatic clinical manifestations of toxigenic infections such as cholera and diphtheria occu

205 rried C. difficile, with 11 (13%) carrying a toxigenic isolate.

206 Of 652 potentially toxigenic isolates >90-days after the study started, 128

207 In toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae, tandem arrays of

208 Culture-positive toxigenic isolates served as the gold standard for compa

209 Consistently, nontoxigenic or toxigenic isolates that lack one, two, or all three pilu

210 amplicons were identified for tcdA-E in the toxigenic isolates; these were absent in the nontoxigeni

211 Our findings highlight the plausible toxigenic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of NEC.

212 eloped provides a valuable tool for studying toxigenic microorganisms and may also find applications

213 ARAP3 EST impaired entry of PA and its bound toxigenic moieties into both human and mouse cells, resu

214 take and either lethal or edema factors, the toxigenic moieties.

215 idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage is caused by toxigenic mold has not been proven, and its cause remain

216 od safety problems connected to the onset of toxigenic moulds on the peanuts butter, slowed down cons

217 ts two nonpathogenic derivative strains: the toxigenic, nonencapsulated RA3R (pXO1(+) pXO2(-)) and th

218 c epithelial cells were infected with cag(+) toxigenic or cag(-) nontoxigenic strains of H. pylori or

219 Compared to methods that detect toxigenic organism, ultrasensitive toxin detection may a

220 icity assays too complex; assays that detect toxigenic organisms (toxigenic culture [TC] and nucleic

221 More toxigenic organisms increase the risk 11-fold, as does a

222 d had a marked effect on the colonization of toxigenic P. multocida in the nasal cavities of pigs, wh

223 ophage was demonstrated in spent medium from toxigenic P. multocida isolates.

224 A, C, and D were inoculated with 1.4 x 10(8) toxigenic P. multocida organisms given by the intranasal

225 nomes of bacteriophages from three different toxigenic P. multocida strains had similar but not ident

226 assay for detection of B. bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida that can be performed with a sing

227 d its wild relative A. flavus, a potentially toxigenic plant and animal pathogen [7].

228 ratios (replete N & P)appeared to select for toxigenic populations of Microcystis spp., whereas nonto

229 The rate of transmission of toxigenic, predominantly nonhypervirulent C. difficile,

230 generated either false-positive or negative toxigenic results, which may have caused inappropriate m

231 Among carriers of toxigenic S. aureus, a significantly lower percentage of

232 different sections and to identify selected toxigenic species of the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera

233 se up to 2-fold at day 3 post-infection with toxigenic Sterne 34F(2) strain, whereas VWF:CBA levels d

234 ed culture supernatant of a nonencapsulated, toxigenic strain (anthrax vaccine absorbed [AVA]) whose

235 : those of avian strain Pm70 and porcine non-toxigenic strain 3480.

236 When hamsters were challenged by toxigenic strain B1 on days 5, 7, or 9, M13 prevented CD

237 A in a non-toxigenic strain with vacA from a toxigenic strain confers full vacuolating activity provi

238 re iron deficient conditions (0.05 muM), the toxigenic strain grows slightly less than in iron-replet

239 The role of symptomatic patients who are toxigenic strain positive (TS+) but fecal toxin negative

240 ficile strain is capable of converting a non-toxigenic strain to a toxin producer by horizontal gene

241 of the gene compared to tcdB of the standard toxigenic strain VPI 10463.

242 Chromosomal replacement of vacA in a non-toxigenic strain with vacA from a toxigenic strain confe

243 Only 2 of 12 unique toxigenic strains (14%) were methicillin resistant.

244 bloom formation and promoting the growth of toxigenic strains (mcyE possessing).

245 treatment of C. difficile infections, as non-toxigenic strains are being tested as treatments in clin

246 between a toxin variant strain and standard toxigenic strains but no significant differences among t

247 nic derivatives can act as precursors of new toxigenic strains by acquiring the CTX prophage either t

248 strains of V. cholerae can be converted into toxigenic strains by CTXphi infection.

249 Both toxigenic and weak toxigenic strains gave clear and reproducible results.

250 m difficile-associated disease (CDAD) due to toxigenic strains is prevented in hamsters by colonizati

251 tory-developed PCR assays which could detect toxigenic strains of C. difficile provided a novel and p

252 Five different toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile of known huma

253 y of infectious causes such as norovirus and toxigenic strains of Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella

254 Toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause r

255 -producing strain, 630Deltaerm, to three non-toxigenic strains of different ribotypes.

256 s and the possibility of a reintroduction of toxigenic strains of diphtheria create a setting in whic

257 Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146

258 Toxigenic strains of the El Tor biotype emerged to cause

259 ed or identical to this plasmid exist in all toxigenic strains of V. cholerae but were notably absent

260 Several toxigenic strains of V. cholerae possess a naturally occ

261 vere dehydrating illness of humans caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139.

262 oc is a stable and conserved genetic unit in toxigenic strains, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction

263 s, BI6 and BI17, and with that of 2 standard toxigenic strains, K14 and 630.

264 tains regulatory genes, and is absent in non-toxigenic strains.

265 acA were exchanged between toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.

266 7%-97% of hamsters that were challenged with toxigenic strains.

267 more, clearer positives were noted with weak toxigenic strains.

268 found in colonisation with non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains.

269 nome sequencing (WGS), using WGS to identify toxigenic strains.

270 7% (56/1506) of patients were colonized with toxigenic (TCD) and non-toxigenic C. difficile (NTCD), r

271 symptoms of cystitis in humans infected with toxigenic UPEC.

272 demonstrate a perennial aquatic reservoir of toxigenic V. cholerae around the continent.

273 mice infected with low or moderate doses of toxigenic V. cholerae El Tor O1.

274 indicate that the innate immune response to toxigenic V. cholerae infection differs dramatically fro

275 ay an important role in the emergence of new toxigenic V. cholerae isolates.

276 We summarized Vibrio infections (excluding toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139) reported to COVIS and

277 We investigated the effects of indole on toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor during growth under viru

278 The single-source introduction of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in Haiti, one of the largest ou

279 phylogeography of both clinical and aquatic toxigenic V. cholerae O1 isolates and show robust eviden

280 in aquatic environments, with environmental toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains serving as a source for

281 temporal fluctuations in the composition of toxigenic V. cholerae populations in the aquatic environ

282 as low (10 colony-forming units/ml) for both toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups.

283 Indole is also produced by toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the human intestine, bu

284 In toxigenic V. cholerae strains, the CTXphi genome is typi

285 Three of these sequences are from toxigenic V. cholerae, and one is from a bacterium which

286 Remarkably, H. pylori that lack toxigenic VacA colonize enlarged dysfunctional lysosomes

287 ity, and the presence of strains bearing the toxigenic vacA s1 allele, a complete cag pathogenicity i

288 gastric tissues from patients infected with toxigenic (VacA(+)) or nontoxigenic strains.

289 g pathogenicity island (PAI) and potentially toxigenic vacAs1 alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin ge

290 Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae cause cholera, a severe diarrh

291 data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 infection reported

292 relatedness, and ecological interactions of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 populations in two distinct

293 Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae of the O139 serogroup have bee

294 Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 has been associ

295 c tool is demonstrated with the detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, which

296 luences virulence gene expression in certain toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains.

297 Although toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, responsible for the disease c

298 Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the di

299 In El Tor biotype strains of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the CTXvarphi prophage often

300 he cholera toxin gene from diarrheal-causing toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.

301 ledge gap is in the ecology of strains, like toxigenic vs nontoxigenic Microcystis, including allelop