ライフサイエンスコーパス: trade

1 natural habitat and illegal pet and bushmeat trade.

2 r, and value added embodied in international trade.

3 South America during the transatlantic slave trade.

4 ioeconomic and environmental impacts of this trade.

5 pivotal role in the development of maritime trade.

6 situ efforts to combat the illegal wildlife trade.

7 ir priority is critical scrutiny of wildlife trade.

8 nes and collection for the international pet trade.

9 y for it - by mediating where and when it is traded.

10 oth for national reporting and for emissions trading.

11 ind that most migrating users continue their trading activity on a single coexisting marketplace, typ

12 We focus on "migrating users" who move their trading activity to a different marketplace after a clos

13 the initiation of transcontinental livestock trade after the 1850s.

14 rce from regulatory and labour provisions of trade agreements.

15 duals that were confiscated from the illegal trade and demonstrate the promises of using non-invasive

16 source that has a granularity of individual trades and users, and which provides a rare opportunity

17 ight the current challenges with production, trade, and mislabeling data, which increase the uncertai

18 n the East African illegal wildlife products trade based on their unique high-resolution melting prof

19 ), can affect the relative cost of resources traded between mutualists, thereby influencing symbiotic

20 Over 18 million tons of wood pellets were traded by EU member countries in 2018 of which a third w

21 most detailed of which identified an entire trade chain, covering 137 km.

22 other across a variety of issues, including trade, climate change and security.

23 coffee beverages, is one of the most widely traded commodities worldwide.

24 The water embedded in these traded commodities, virtual water, has received increasi

25 e global catches and international shark fin trade dynamics.

26 alue when exposed to abrupt changes in their trade environment.

27 maritime trade network and to predict future trade flows becomes pressing.

28 Our results also indicate that maritime trade flows follow a form of random walk on the underlyi

29 al supply chains create a complex network of trade flows.

30 vasive as seafood is the world's most highly traded food commodity.

31 During crop domestication, human farmers traded greater productivity for higher crop vulnerabilit

32 Global trade has considerably accelerated biological invasions.

33 Species diversity was similar between both trade hubs with a small subset of species dominating the

34 suggest that systematic studies of other fin trade hubs within Mainland China and stronger law-enforc

35 Though the international trade in agricultural commodities is worth more than $1.

36 empires and kingdoms into the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans, and the overrepresentation o

37 ic emerging area of economic development and trade in recent decades.

38 the Dead Sea using biomarkers, evidencing a trade in this material from the eastern Mediterranean to

39 UMP was created in 2014 to unify all trades in the agricultural wholesale markets of the stat

40 rld, protect habitats, and regulate wildlife trade, including live animals and non-sustenance product

41 The potential for spread via international trade into North America and the high diversity of salam

42 to reduce sample sizes and help bring clean trade into reach for a greater number of taxa, places, a

43 Detecting pathogens in trade is critical for preventing their continued movemen

44 l finding is that prices are larger and that trade is significantly less efficient in small-world net

45 r transnational enterprise, illegal wildlife trade is valued between eight and 26.5 billion US dollar

46 nce was seldom directly involved in the food trade, it experienced substantial losses in water and la

47 identifies a molecular variant of eak-3 that trades lower growth rates for the ability to survive sud

48 de and poly(carbonate-urea)urethane with the trade name "Hastalex" in comparison with GORE-TEX, a com

49 vocates to pursue an active advisory role in trade negotiations in order to anticipate and prevent ne

50 th public health and health professionals in trade negotiations; 2.

51 d to understand the behavior of the maritime trade network and to predict future trade flows becomes

52 likely a legacy of the Indian Ocean maritime trading network.

53 usly identify the structural changes in meat trade networks and the factors that influence the networ

54 overs a general consolidation of global meat trade networks over time, although some global events ma

55 nal agrees with both ancient and more recent trading networks having shaped the modern-day diversity

56 The regional and international trade of live animals facilitates the movement, spillove

57 Frequent trade of rats between home-based ratteries contributed t

58 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government.

59 In this paper we study the trading of cryptocurrency tokens on top of the Ethereum

60 irective has triggered exponential growth in trading of pelletized wood fibers.

61 ate and a decision is made, enables flexible trading of speed for accuracy.

62 Implicit in this trade off is how we value future rewards - exploiting is

63 rceddu and Deauville scores offered the best trade off of minimising indeterminate outcomes whilst ma

64 We found that cognitive effort can be traded off for physical pain and that people generally a

65 not show this aversion, suggesting that they traded off the short-term pain of the lidocaine with the

66 germline maintenance is costly and directly trades off with somatic maintenance.

67 on for efficient communication among humans, trading off the need to reduce complexity with the need

68 A metabolic trade-off (between maximum growth rate and efficiency) a

69 asonable to assume that cognitive mechanisms trade-off accuracy against effort, (2) how this trade-of

70 Here, we evaluate evidence for this trade-off across a wide range of heterotrophic eukaryote

71 phic distribution of the dominance-tolerance trade-off across North America, we approximate broad-sca

72 es in >500 species, we find no evidence of a trade-off across species.

73 We found a similar domestication trade-off across the major co-evolutionary transitions i

74 A clear trade-off also occurred.

75 The model explains the trade-off among chemical design parameters such as the s

76 ossy medium such as the human body to gain a trade-off among power consumption, cost, computational c

77 The trade-off analysis identifies that for only about 30% of

78 scribed by the SF-6Dv2 were valued with time-trade-off and discrete choice experiments.

79 otential drivers of the personality-mediated trade-off and emphasize that future work on the POLS hyp

80 Here, we model a competition-colonisation trade-off and incorporate trait plasticity to evaluate i

81 The performance implications of this trade-off are assessed, which reveal the potential for s

82 te senescing species experience C allocation trade-off at the end of the growing season because of C-

83 al profiles emerge: (i) both strong and weak trade-off between activities are observed; (ii) trade-of

84 Animal colouration is often a trade-off between background matching for camouflage fro

85 In such cases, we face a natural trade-off between breadth-spreading our capacity across

86 A trade-off between catalytic activity and structural stab

87 s suggest that robust elongation relies on a trade-off between cellular and tissue strains that is or

88 ormance of MDLs and numerically evaluate the trade-off between efficiency and initial parameter selec

89 tant Enterobacterales (3GC-R-BSI) leads to a trade-off between empiric inappropriate treatment (IAT)

90 ents a feasible way to mitigate the inherent trade-off between energy density and power density for e

91 y, LC activity is involved in regulating the trade-off between environmental exploration and focused

92 that the native topology of DPO4 leads to a trade-off between fast, stable folding and tight functio

93 a fast event, the challenge is the inherent trade-off between frame rate and image resolution.

94 ity, but efforts are thwarted by an apparent trade-off between grain size and number.

95 ux limitation not only explains the observed trade-off between growth and adaptability, but also allo

96 ible target for study is the well-documented trade-off between growth rate and predation avoidance, w

97 tic effects of hardening and toughening, the trade-off between hardness and toughness may eventually

98 d in and out of the system, which leads to a trade-off between how long a wave can be stored in the s

99 Our findings suggest that a trade-off between immunological tolerance and embryo rej

100 une circuit in the intestine that promotes a trade-off between innate immune protection mediated by I

101 de an approach that breaks the long-standing trade-off between low energy consumption and high-speed

102 cal change as a primary factor affecting the trade-off between male mating and parenting effort sugge

103 Our findings suggest a trade-off between metabolically-driven energy conservati

104 suggests that cortical perception balances a trade-off between minimizing the impact of noise while e

105 rchitecture of the host response indicated a trade-off between mycorrhizal dependence and benefit.

106 e on NSC seasonal trends, there was no clear trade-off between NSC storage and growth suggesting that

107 We find a functional integration and trade-off between orientation-selective and color-select

108 x arises from a within-individual behavioral trade-off between partnership quantity and quality.

109 heir loss or modification, thereby driving a trade-off between phage resistance and either of the ant

110 Our results indicate a trade-off between physicochemical and kinetic/thermodyna

111 ion and to heat during the day, suggesting a trade-off between predation risk and thermoregulation me

112 nge to expanded use of MPAs is the perceived trade-off between protection and food production.

113 s allows an isogenic population to break the trade-off between reproduction and survival.

114 Many microorganisms face a fundamental trade-off between reproduction and survival: Rapid growt

115 Surprisingly, we found that the trade-off between resistance and resilience for gymnospe

116 , and visualizes the fundamental statistical trade-off between risk allele frequency and odds ratio.

117 ction in the barrier crossing resulting in a trade-off between route extension and barrier reduction,

118 However, the trade-off between selectivity and sensitivity of such se

119 -Skin (TRACE) sensor to address the inherent trade-off between sensitivity and hysteresis in tactile

120 Both experiments and simulations show a key trade-off between sensitivity and response time for such

121 DNA sequencing technologies there remains a trade-off between short-read platforms, having limited a

122 or the theoretical prediction of a dispersal trade-off between space and time, implying that a joint

123 oreover, our results illuminate an important trade-off between stability and activity as a function o

124 ded in the theory, empirical evidence of the trade-off between stress tolerance and organism fitness

125 production of CO often requires balancing a trade-off between the adsorption strength of the reactan

126 e regulatory strategies reflect the inherent trade-off between the benefit and cost of resource inves

127 damping within the resonators determines the trade-off between the frequency resolution and the numbe

128 onal materials is a challenge because of the trade-off between these two properties.

129 IFC are severely limited by the fundamental trade-off between throughput, sensitivity, and spatial r

130 Immunologically, there is a trade-off between transmission and progression in this f

131 owed that using MatchMixeR achieved the best trade-off between true and false discoveries, and this a

132 expression analyses of these plants reveal a trade-off between VTE and natural variation in chorismat

133 ia encountering new resources can break this trade-off by evolving phenotypic heterogeneity in lag ti

134 This trade-off can be overcome, however, by the extra binding

135 aximum Compression and Fast (default), which trade-off compression efficiency and speed.

136 arms races can promote diversification when trade-off costs among traits make simultaneous investmen

137 ctics in particular may vary as individuals' trade-off current investment versus lifetime fitness.

138 d by the water/NaCl permeability-selectivity trade-off curve.

139 However, this trade-off did not appear to be modulated by time or conf

140 Globally, a canonical growth-mortality trade-off emerged, but the trade-off was strongly observ

141 nimizing migrants are therefore predicted to trade-off extended detours against reduced travel across

142 ained neural network to attempt to avoid the trade-off for both high phase-sensitivity and high resol

143 esistance to embolism, rejecting a hardwired trade-off for this pair of traits.

144 e networks is the emergence of loops and the trade-off governing their formation: adding redundant ed

145 In support of the trade-off hypothesis, phage resistance via tolC mutation

146 Traditionally, there has been a trade-off in spectroscopic measurements between high res

147 ue influence the hydraulic efficiency-safety trade-off in the basal angiosperms.

148 tivity or larval longevity, resulting from a trade-off in the use of energy reserves can facilitate m

149 mine several key assumptions: (1) there is a trade-off in tree carbon investment between primary and

150 eoretical work has suggested a computational trade-off in which it can be more or less useful to lear

151 questions about whether the growth-mortality trade-off is a universally applicable organizing framewo

152 This trade-off is directly linked to faster growth reducing t

153 Crucially, this trade-off is easily masked by behavioral variation among

154 de-off between activities are observed; (ii) trade-off is more severe (20- to 35-fold increased k(cat

155 They also potentially suggest a trade-off mechanism for females whose total reproductive

156 e their tolerance combinations, and the best trade-off model among those currently available, for des

157 iotic stress tolerances, providing a unified trade-off model and a set of coordinates that can be use

158 A temporal trade-off observed at the seasonal scale was influenced

159 de-off accuracy against effort, (2) how this trade-off occurs, and (3) how to overcome some of the ch

160 We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via d

161 ansition efficiency in EMT, and reveal their trade-off relations.

162 and therefore a hydraulic efficiency-safety trade-off should exist.

163 lign with a dominance-tolerance life-history trade-off that was previously identified in these isolat

164 l uncoupling of the reproduction-maintenance trade-off typically found in solitary organisms, HSR mai

165 ivity was associated with a growth-mortality trade-off via risk-taking in the wild in two subpopulati

166 The net trade-off was positive, indicating that adaptation can r

167 growth-mortality trade-off emerged, but the trade-off was strongly observed only in less disturbance

168 not have lower growth rates as expected by a trade-off with drought tolerance.

169 specificity in nonequilibrium models is in a trade-off with gene-expression noise, predicting bursty

170 to tolerate environmental stress, which may trade-off with traits enabling organic matter decomposit

171 s and going beyond a simple carbon-mediated 'trade-off' between regenerative and vegetative growth.

172 provided some evidence for a 'parity-frailty trade-off', there was little support for our hypothesis

173 fruit fly larva can tip the balance in this trade-off, and identify a single dopamine neuron called

174 A trade-off, however, may exist between phenotypic special

175 To test this trade-off, we incubated two disparate upland soils that

176 ertainty to negotiate this "explore-exploit" trade-off, yet the neural basis of the underlying comput

177 which lacked tolerant species, exhibited the trade-off.

178 ectivity and the hydraulic efficiency-safety trade-off.

179 teresting insights into the precision/recall trade-off.

180 t lipid A molecule by a putative 'ping-pong' trade-off.

181 formed to a general pattern, we saw a strong trade-off; accessibility was enhanced, whereas precision

182 oding range (per dimension) by automatically trading-off dimension with an exponentially large coding

183 standing their relative co-benefits with and trade-offs against different social and environmental go

184 y that in serial dilution culture, metabolic trade-offs allow for high diversity.

185 We incorporated life-history trade-offs among survival, reproduction and body mass gr

186 egregation is lost for weak growth-migration trade-offs and a lack of virgin space, but is robust to

187 unified framework to characterize the major trade-offs and axes of floral trait variation.

188 This study identifies the environmental trade-offs and hotspots for the chemically enhanced prim

189 e that both the absence of strong functional trade-offs and the digestive physiology of ruminants pro

190 suggest empirical approaches to parameterize trade-offs and to make progress in this critical area of

191 ogic evaluation so that green and blue water trade-offs are properly addressed.

192 We sought to quantify trade-offs associated with different approaches to decea

193 Here we examine the evolutionary trade-offs associated with sexual receptivity length usi

194 urces for regional biodiversity suggest that trade-offs based on more diverse metrics must be incorpo

195 The STS reconciles all major theories about trade-offs between abiotic stress tolerances, providing

196 These findings suggest that there are trade-offs between access to TAVR, its rate of utilizati

197 gestate is essential to fully understand the trade-offs between alternatives.

198 sed to solve land-use conflicts and identify trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosyst

199 ty are challenging metrics to achieve due to trade-offs between carbon use for growth and production.

200 pt a range of tactics for navigating spatial trade-offs between competing biotic and abiotic constrai

201 sumption that behavior mediates life-history trade-offs between current and future reproduction.

202 d (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling resulting in trade-offs between defence against (hemi)biotrophic and

203 eing-related interventions, and illustrating trade-offs between demand and supply-side options in cli

204 nts is known to be constrained by biological trade-offs between different forms of stress, especially

205 ism of each isolate and tested for predicted trade-offs between growth rate and efficiency.

206 atellite and SNP markers including potential trade-offs between marker-specific biases, sample size,

207 osterone is often a mediator of life history trade-offs between mating/competition and parenting.

208 rait mindfulness were associated with larger trade-offs between pain perception and task performance,

209 aster-living hosts also has implications for trade-offs between pathogen virulence and transmissibili

210 verall, studies reported more synergies than trade-offs between reduced climate impacts and broader e

211 of these are slightly flammable, presenting trade-offs between safety and environmental consideratio

212 Utah multielectrode arrays to understand the trade-offs between signal quality and decoder performanc

213 ices in life are intertemporal: they involve trade-offs between sooner and later outcomes.

214 tural species, allocation strategies reflect trade-offs between survivorship risk and subsequent fitn

215 food security dimensions, and synergies and trade-offs between sustainable development goals, includ

216 d-use plans, we identified the synergies and trade-offs between the biodiversity benefits achieved in

217 ce of confounding background information and trade-offs between the energy of sensory activity and re

218 Given existing uncertainty regarding trade-offs between the quantity and quality of offspring

219 pecies, it was recently shown that metabolic trade-offs can allow unlimited diversity.

220 Some trade-offs discussed are those between centralized and d

221 tious periods and higher host densities, key trade-offs emerged between the strength of pathogen load

222 However, the trade-offs faced by evolving bacterial populations presu

223 Many such trade-offs have indeed been hypothesized on the basis of

224 s infecting single host species evolutionary trade-offs have previously been demonstrated between pat

225 onses, tolerance acquisition, and associated trade-offs in a population of microalgae exposed to subl

226 are well known to orchestrate physiological trade-offs in a wide variety of organisms, and our work

227 esults highlight potential equity-efficiency trade-offs in designing air quality policies.

228 petition, which combined with information on trade-offs in ecological performance can contribute to a

229 , physiology or morphology create functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, thereby causing indiv

230 Trade-offs in information-processing traits are apparent

231 Space-use behaviour reflects trade-offs in meeting ecological needs and can have cons

232 antigenic cluster and quantified fundamental trade-offs in our ability to make such predictions.

233 trait representing fundamental life-history trade-offs in plant offspring investment, could predict

234 l species - provides a framework to evaluate trade-offs in plant-environment interactions in natural

235 ithin populations, which are often driven by trade-offs in resource allocation between energetically

236 ancestral activity with various asymmetrical trade-offs in single-strand-DNA recombination.

237 How trade-offs in the allocation of tropical tree seedlings

238 In all cases, tuning leads to trade-offs in the fold-change and the ability to disting

239 Here, performance trade-offs in these devices are studied through comprehe

240 Such fitness trade-offs include reduced virulence, resensitization to

241 Other trade-offs must therefore shape ecological processes, an

242 function is largely attributed to energetic trade-offs rather than specific nutrient constraints.

243 phylogeny and are associated with functional trade-offs related to locomotor performance.

244 These trade-offs reveal that clonal research and development,

245 We looked for trade-offs that could account for inter-line variation,

246 However, this minimization also creates trade-offs that exacerbate the effects of metal depletio

247 e the potential to shed light on nutritional trade-offs that shaped the course of culturally evolved

248 onmental changes can identify hidden fitness trade-offs that turn adaptation into maladaptation, resu

249 r X-ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade-offs to be overcome, coupling low heat of adsorpti

250 , people adopt mixed solutions for resolving trade-offs when they allow exercising to license indulge

251 This balance may be maintained through trade-offs where migrants gain survival benefits by avoi

252 list resistance mechanisms co-occur, similar trade-offs will be evident, calling into question the ub

253 ether and when phages can drive evolutionary trade-offs with antibiotic resistance.

254 ital bone in adults and the emergence of new trade-offs with development and neurosensory demands.

255 ngs show that motility differences and their trade-offs with growth are sufficient to promote diversi

256 Understanding personality-driven trade-offs would be facilitated by long-term studies in

257 costs of reproduction, driving reproductive trade-offs, although mating also requires interactions w

258 the MHC gene family, associated autoimmunity trade-offs, hitchhiking of deleterious mutations linked

259 pact of microbial diversity on plant fitness trade-offs, intraspecific-interactions, and soil nutrien

260 Moreover, given the predicted trade-offs, it remains unclear whether systemic lifespan

261 eme solutions for resolving these exact same trade-offs, they exhibit highlighting, consistency seeki

262 reveal how movements, and hence life-history trade-offs, vary over a lifetime.

263 Consistent with trade-offs, we find signatures of balancing selection su

264 Based on synergies and trade-offs, we proposed element optimization priorities:

265 ive functional groups spanning two essential trade-offs-the growth-survival and stature-recruitment t

266 ing gradients in selective agents or fitness trade-offs.

267 n the database were limited by boundary-line trade-offs.

268 leakage, enabling principled privacy-utility trade-offs.

269 ortunities, and accounting for site-specific trade-offs.

270 -the growth-survival and stature-recruitment trade-offs.

271 lar strategies for power-law and exponential trade-offs: Thus, bistability is always between zero and

272 s (e.g., afforestation) were associated with trade-offs; such studies primarily reported reduced soil

273 International trade often involves movement of many insect pollinators

274 correlations between individual surplus and trading order, and autocorrelation of successive price c

275 As neurulation begins, TFAP2A trades partners, and TFAP2A/B heterodimers reorganize th

276 symbiosis, characterised by roots and fungi trading phosphorus and carbon, shows many features of a

277 The relationship between liberal trade policy and food insecurity varied across countries

278 hasing power parity), a unit increase in the trade policy index (more liberal) corresponded to a 0.07

279 low-income countries, a unit increase in the trade policy index was associated with a 0.35% (0.06 to

280 examined the association between a country's trade policy score and the probability of individuals re

281 Liberal trade policy was predominantly associated with lower foo

282 , here we show that the participating firms' trading profits and their emission abatements are positi

283 level emission abatements can realize larger trading profits.

284 sh effective legislation addressing wildlife trade, protection of habitats, and reduction of the wild

285 genetic connections between people in slave trading regions of Africa and disembarkation regions of

286 thus gain a better understanding of illegal trade routes.

287 e this by constructing a Spc105 variant that trades SAC responsiveness for much more accurate chromos

288 e these data with steelmaking technology and trade scenarios to calculate potential U.S. steel sector

289 e-scale, long-term studies, yet most studies trade spatial extent for temporal duration.

290 y provides a conceptual framework to analyse trade strategies in symbiotic partnerships.

291 We quantified trading strategies over a 3-wk period using a recently d

292 central driver in the formation of maritime trading systems connecting Europe, Africa, and Asia.

293 ement of both these dimensions, and a way of trading them off against one another.

294 pigs transported, as part of the exotic pet trade, to both Europe and the southeastern United States

295 In some cases, bacteria show evolved trade-ups, whereby selection causes multiple fitness com

296 ketplace, typically the one with the highest trading volume.

297 is critical for the prosecution of illegally-traded wildlife products, conservation-based biodiversit

298 teleconnections generate oppositely directed trade-wind anomalies in the Central and Eastern Pacific

299 ath by which a climatic driver, the Atlantic trade winds, determines the viability of a bird populati

300 and live cattle exports from 2015 to 2017, a trade worth more than $5.4 billion/year.