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1 te and releasing the peptide from the P-site transfer RNA.
2 separated 30S and 50S subunits and initiator transfer RNA.
3 ate, resulting in a P/E hybrid state for the transfer RNA.
4 ce complementary to the 3' end of a cellular transfer RNA.
5 t attachment of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNA.
6 solely responsible for the aminoacylation of transfer RNA.
7 of the nascent protein chain from the P-site transfer RNA.
8 ables the deletion of a previously essential transfer RNA.
9 alytic, ribosomal, small nuclear, micro, and transfer RNAs.
10 both and occupies the space normally used by transfer RNAs.
11 maturation of both nuclear and mitochondrial transfer RNAs.
12 function, plus three ribosomal RNAs, and 17 transfer RNAs.
13 dogenous 5'-phosphate-capped RNAs, including transfer RNAs.
14 DNA replication, chromosomal breakpoints and transfer RNAs.
15 ression of amino acid biosynthesis genes and transfer RNAs.
16 ze the specific pairings of amino acids with transfer RNAs.
17 erved proteins, three ribosomal RNAs, and 15 transfer RNAs.
18 eading the aminoacylation status of specific transfer RNAs.
19 epressible 2 (GCN2) kinase through uncharged transfer RNAs.
20 n synII, mainly caused by the deletion of 13 transfer RNAs.
21 g for 81 protein, four ribosomal RNAs and 29 transfer RNAs.
22 evidence for the canonical functions of the transferred RNA.
23 tate of translocation, in which the peptidyl-transfer RNA 3'-CCA end is improperly docked in the pept
24 perform simulations of large-scale aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) rearrangements during accommodati
25 ribosomes exhibit perturbations in aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) selection and altered pre-translo
26 r Tu (EF-Tu) binds to all standard aminoacyl transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) and transports them to the ribo
27 based assay to identify anticodon engineered transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNA) which can effectively suppress
29 nd other proteins in response to fluctuating transfer RNA aminoacylation levels under various nutriti
31 mportance of the 2'-hydroxyl of the peptidyl-transfer RNA and a Bronsted coefficient near zero have b
32 as the complex responsible for production of transfer RNA and a limited number of other small RNAs.
34 omprising a 40S ribosomal subunit, initiator transfer RNA and initiation factors (eIF) 2, 3, 1 and 1A
36 nt oxygenases that catalyse hydroxylation of transfer RNA and ribosomal proteins have been shown to b
37 in non-coding RNAs, enhances the function of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA by stabilizing the RNA st
38 RNA modifications were mostly identified on transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA until the last decade, wh
40 y the ribosome requires the translocation of transfer RNAs and messenger RNA by one codon after each
41 or binding protein CTCF, housekeeping genes, transfer RNAs and short interspersed element (SINE) retr
42 that our two species had extremely truncated transfer RNAs and that gene overlaps occurred much more
44 HPF and YfiA overlap with those of the mRNA, transfer RNA, and initiation factors, which prevents tra
46 process of bringing together mRNA, initiator transfer RNA, and the ribosome, is therefore of critical
49 ssential for the maturation of ribosomal and transfer RNA as well as the rapid degradation of messeng
52 locations of eIF1, eIF1A, mRNA and initiator transfer RNA bound to the small ribosomal subunit and pr
55 ysine, encoded by poly(A), favors a peptidyl-transfer RNA conformation suboptimal for peptide bond fo
57 ome function (e.g., increased affinities for transfer RNAs, decreased rates of peptidyl-transfer), an
59 diet (HFD), we showed that a subset of sperm transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), mainly from 5'
61 cent work indicates that many cells can also transfer RNA directly via cell-cell trafficking of nanom
62 ctedly, we found that codons decoded by rare transfer RNAs do not lead to slow translation under nutr
64 of the 50S ribosomal subunit to an initiator transfer RNA (fMet-tRNA(fMet))-containing 30S ribosomal
65 We present evidence that the entire set of transfer RNAs for all twenty amino acids are encoded in
67 microRNA levels and concomitant increases of transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) targeting cholinergic tran
68 iculum (ER) stress through the production of transfer RNA fragments that interfere with translation i
69 uch as snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs), tRNA (transfer RNA) fragments, and Y-RNAs in cellular processe
71 osed EVs of 30-150 nm in diameter, which can transfer RNA, functional proteins, lipids, and metabolit
74 n RNA sequence in the chloroplast isoleucine transfer RNA gene (trnI.2) located in the rRNA operon.
75 ding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and an 834 bp intergenic region assum
76 y centromeres and include interactions among transfer RNA genes, among origins of early DNA replicati
77 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region varying in size
80 -derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), mainly from 5' transfer RNA halves and ranging in size from 30 to 34 nu
81 me exit tunnel, after their covalent bond to transfer-RNA has been broken, has not been experimentall
83 igated metabolites such as aminoacyl-charged transfer RNA in the T-box system, or protein-bound metab
84 link specific amino acids with their cognate transfer RNAs in a critical early step of protein transl
93 ed that cells use an elongator leucine-bound transfer RNA (Leu-tRNA) to initiate translation at crypt
97 e factors promote hydrolysis of the peptidyl-transfer RNA linkage in response to recognition of a sto
99 all subunits of the ribosome, with initiator transfer RNA (Met-tRNA(i)(Met)) positioned over the star
100 First, methionylated initiator methionine transfer RNA (Met-tRNAi(Met)), eukaryotic initiation fac
104 nsible for deoxyribonucleoside synthesis and transfer RNA modification appear to be crucial, as no al
108 ription, retroviruses require annealing of a transfer RNA molecule to the U5 primer binding site (U5-
112 philus 70S ribosome along with the initiator transfer RNA N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA(i) (fMet-tRNA(i)(fM
113 ylguanosine and N(2)(2)-dimethylguanosine in transfer RNA occur at five positions in the D and antico
114 s, three putative open reading frames and 33 transfer RNAs of 19 amino acids for peptide synthesis.
115 d light on the movement of messenger RNA and transfer RNA on the ribosome after each peptide bond is
116 d be required to ensure functional impact of transferred RNA on brain recipient cells and predict the
117 During translation, the primary substrates, transfer RNAs, pass through binding sites formed between
120 old ntrc seedlings, the contents of glutamyl-transfer RNA reductase1 (GluTR1) and CHLM are reduced.
124 g loops, and show that tiles inserted into a transfer RNA scaffold can be overexpressed in bacterial
125 ific deletion of Trsp, a gene that encodes a transfer RNA (Sec tRNA) required for the insertion of se
126 ploits two rRNA nucleotides also used during transfer RNA selection to drive messenger RNA compaction
127 the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, transfer RNA selenocysteine synthase, formiminotransfera
128 t are highly expressed and up to 35 putative transfer RNAs, some of which contain enigmatic introns.
132 ture and function of Escherichia coli prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase (Ec ProRS), a member of the amin
133 animal models support a key role of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (HisRS; also known as Jo-1) in t
134 nse pathway, through inhibiting human prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase (ProRS) to cause intracellular a
135 hetase (Ec ProRS), a member of the aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase family, has been investigated us
136 was used to design a pocket within threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase from the thermophile Pyrococcus
137 was protective in adults with anti-threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase or anti-U RNP autoantibodies (OR
138 l-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutaminyl-transfer RNA synthetase, elongation factor 2, elongation
139 or in protein biosynthesis (glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutaminyl-transfer RNA synthet
141 zyloxycarbonyl amino acid using a pyrrolysyl transfer RNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair in mammalian cells
143 conserved in evolution, bacterial aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases are unable to acylate eukaryoti
144 s (mistranslation) is prevented by aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases through their accurate aminoacy
145 d translation machinery, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for all 20 a
147 oribouridine, a modified nucleoside found in transfer RNA that enables both faster and more-accurate
149 t uses amber and evolved quadruplet-decoding transfer RNAs to encode numerous pairs of distinct unnat
150 would preclude the binding of messenger and transfer RNAs to the ribosome, suggesting that PSRP1 is
152 ion machinery are covered in turn, including transfer RNAs, translation factors, and the ribosome.
153 ction mechanism, similar to that employed in transfer RNA translocation on the ribosome by EF-G, tran
154 , deletion of subtelomeric regions, introns, transfer RNAs, transposons, and silent mating loci as we
155 ecific RNA-RNA complex formed between a host transfer RNA (tRNA(Lys)(3)) and a region at the 5' end o
156 hia coli strain that harbors a Sep-accepting transfer RNA (tRNA(Sep)), its cognate Sep-tRNA synthetas
157 ncluding recruitment of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (tRNA(Val)) to play an integral structural
158 ) was discovered in the wobble position of a transfer RNA (tRNA) 47 years ago, yet the final biosynth
159 Nase P), the ribonucleoprotein essential for transfer RNA (tRNA) 5' maturation, is challenged in the
163 of genes responsible for amino acid supply, transfer RNA (tRNA) aminoacylation, and protein folding.
165 a bifunctional molecule that acts as both a transfer RNA (tRNA) and a messenger RNA (mRNA), and SmpB
167 clease activity in vitro, but cleaves within transfer RNA (tRNA) anti-codon loops when purified CysK
170 ylation of its target site within the E-site transfer RNA (tRNA) binding region of the 28S ribosomal
172 n using the in vitro processing of precursor transfer RNA (tRNA) by ribonuclease P as a model system.
173 ss, requiring accurate amino acid selection, transfer RNA (tRNA) charging and mRNA decoding on the ri
174 t shock, or ultraviolet irradiation promotes transfer RNA (tRNA) cleavage and accumulation of tRNA-de
175 sing a messenger RNA (mRNA) and an uncharged transfer RNA (tRNA) cognate to the terminal mRNA codon b
177 studies, we show that FthB is a trans-acting transfer RNA (tRNA) editing protein, which hydrolyzes fl
179 ously reported technology termed Fluorescent transfer RNA (tRNA) for Translation Monitoring (FtTM), f
180 er, a recently reported tool for identifying transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments in deep sequencing data, e
186 ts localizing within a single nucleolus, and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes present in an adjacent cluster
187 4L), two ribosomal RNA (srRNA and lrRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two copies of D-loop cont
188 bp) and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene
189 ur frequently at RNA-polymerase-III-occupied transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, which have been implicated in
190 direct entry is central to the processing of transfer RNA (tRNA) in E. coli, one of the core function
195 olarity and morphology, vacuole trafficking, transfer RNA (tRNA) modification and other functions.
196 h the predicted fraction of correctly folded transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, thereby revealing a bioph
199 ons that are suggested to be associated with transfer RNA (tRNA) movement through the ribosome (trans
201 thesis: production of non-cognate amino acid:transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
202 idyltransferases] add CCA onto the 3' end of transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors without using a nucleic a
204 nal modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) provides an additional layer of regu
205 he biophysical and biochemical properties of transfer RNA (tRNA) so that it is optimized for particip
206 ons have attempted to distinguish individual transfer RNA (tRNA) species based on the associated pore
208 tion mutant of rrt-1 that encodes an arginyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase, an enzyme essential for
209 To better enable such efforts, flexizymes (transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase-like ribozymes that recog
210 evelopment and application of the pyrrolysyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase/tRNA pair for unnatural a
213 Protein biosynthesis requires aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases to provide aminoacyl-tRN
214 pathologies are caused by editing defects of transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases, which preserve genetic
217 Coupled translocation of messenger RNA and transfer RNA (tRNA) through the ribosome, a process cata
221 n and read-through of these stop codons by a transfer RNA (tRNA), although it requires the formation
222 ate of subunit joining is coupled to the IF, transfer RNA (tRNA), and mRNA codon compositions of the
223 t of m(1) A, m(1) G, m(3) C modifications in transfer RNA (tRNA), but they work poorly on m(2)2 G.
224 MTRES1) eject the nascent chain and peptidyl transfer RNA (tRNA), respectively, from stalled ribosome
226 g RNAs, such as pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), which are produced by RNA polymeras
228 -2 (VPI-2) is a 57-kb region integrated at a transfer RNA (tRNA)-serine locus that encompasses VC1758
238 iogenin-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage of transfer RNAs (tRNA) leading to an accumulation of 5' tR
239 d translocation of messenger RNAs (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNA) through the ribosome takes place fo
240 t the ribosome active sites interacting with transfer RNAs (tRNA), we further discover that self-rene
242 small Cajal body-specific RNA [scaRNA], and transfer RNA [tRNA] fragments) across 11 mouse tissues b
244 hich include small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and introns, whereas endo-siRNAs c
245 on (PRE) complex and facilitates movement of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNA) by one co
246 plays a crucial role in the translocation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNA) during tr
247 scripts are dominated by full-length, mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and other small noncoding RNAs (nc
259 the most abundant and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in r
262 lves endonucleolytic cleavage of cytoplasmic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) by ribonucleases that are normally
263 gulate the synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) by RNA polymerase (Pol) III, as we
267 ated reductions in the abundance of numerous transfer RNAs (tRNAs) dominated the microarray data and
273 Isolated, fully modified native bacterial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) induced significant secretion of I
274 sine/cytosine/adenine (CCA) to the 3' end of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is essential for translation and i
279 leic acids (sRNAs), primarily the 5' ends of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) termed tRNA fragments (trfRNAs).
281 sms to acylate (or charge) these monomers to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to make aminoacyl-tRNA substrates
283 ed into nascent proteins by misaminoacylated transfer RNAs (tRNAs) used in a coupled transcription/tr
285 protein biosynthesis, namely the charging of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids.
286 tidyltransferase] adds CCA to the 3' ends of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), a critical step in tRNA biogenesi
287 oncoding RNAs such as small RNAs (sRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), establishing a previously unappre
288 s (ncRNAs) including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and
289 d previously undescribed CRISPR-Cas systems, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA synthetases, tRNA-modificati
290 ced at the wobble uridines at position 34 in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which serve to optimize codon tra
291 each codon is monitored by stable binding of transfer RNAs (tRNAs)-labelled with distinct fluorophore
298 he inclusion of a disproportionate number of transfer RNAs, which exhibit a conserved secondary struc
299 in synthesis, the ribosome selects aminoacyl-transfer RNAs with anticodons matching the messenger RNA
300 f two basic processes: the aminoacylation of transfer RNAs with their cognate amino acid by the amino