ライフサイエンスコーパス: trophic

1 f AAs that have labile nitrogen atoms (i.e. 'trophic' AA) had higher delta(15) N values in yolk and a

2 e inherent immunomodulatory characteristics, trophic activity, high invitro self-renewal ability, and

3 with the hypothesis that fitness impacts of trophic asynchrony are increasing.

4 lusions about the risk that climate-mediated trophic asynchrony may pose to populations worldwide.

5 met to demonstrate that temperature-mediated trophic asynchrony poses a growing risk to consumers.

6 atch-mismatch hypothesis (MMH) suggests that trophic asynchrony will have negative impacts on average

7 en assessing evidence for fitness impacts of trophic asynchrony.

8 ances (PFAS), are increasingly found in high trophic avifauna and are of concern to potentially impac

9 ts of experimental N and P enrichment on the trophic basis of macroinvertebrate production and flows

10 rse social and economic consequences of this trophic cascade are unknown, particularly across large r

11 g to no net change in zooplankton biomass or trophic cascade strength.

12 ive interactions that occur as frequently as trophic cascades and are equally important drivers of ec

13 e richest examples of behaviourally mediated trophic cascades and demonstrations of how enemy-risk ef

14 tural land conversion may lead to widespread trophic cascades and in some cases irreversible changes

15 cological and evolutionary processes such as trophic cascades or speciation.

16 h results in a quantitative and reproducible trophic categorization scheme, as well as high-resolutio

17 e trout from six populations to estimate the trophic changes between and within individuals through o

18 ze on ITV over time, and (b) disentangle the trophic changes due to ontogeny from other sources of va

19 hytoplankton biomass or nutrient loadings on trophic classification based on APPP.

20 led to decreasing APPP sufficient to change trophic classification from "eutrophic' to "mesotrophic"

21 Over 20 years ago, Nixon defined the trophic classification of marine ecosystems based on ann

22 should target restoring ecosystems with high trophic complexity to facilitate the recovery of large c

23 reflects niche partitioning but in a general trophic context of herbivory.

24 Such trophic control could lead to changes in the abundance o

25 To obtain a more nuanced understanding of trophic control over large scales, we explored long-term

26 ther cDCs could differentiate in response to trophic cues delivered by mesenchymal components of the

27 tive review to evaluate support for iRLT and trophic differences along range margins, surveying the m

28 occurred along lower limits, yet there were trophic differences.

29 fins (CPs), PAHs, and phthalates underwent a trophic dilution (TMF <1).

30 In contrast, trophic dilution was documented for pollutants with a hi

31 orrelated with trophic levels or underwent a trophic dilution.

32 tissue of the consumer being sampled (i.e. a trophic discrimination factor or TDF).

33 Trophic discrimination factors derived from captive feed

34 , our results suggest that niche breadth and trophic diversification depend more on the presence of o

35 neutral genetic polymorphism are decoupled: trophic diversity being greatest in intermediate-sized l

36 etically-explicit quantitative assessment of trophic diversity in extinct marine reptiles.

37 extraordinary anatomical specializations and trophic diversity.

38 Trophic downgrading in coastal waters has occurred globa

39 seamounts experience fundamentally different trophic dynamics than previously thought.

40 modifying encounter rates among species and trophic dynamics that structure communities.

41 We approximate the diet and trophic ecology of Late Neolithic felids in a broad cont

42 e very first information on the foraging and trophic ecology of the poorly-known TP.

43 lo simulations to account for variability in trophic ecology on Svalbard when predicting bioaccumulat

44 hard-shelled insects, indicating a shift in trophic ecology to insectivory associated with diminutiv

45 tivation is necessary, for the transsynaptic trophic effect exerted by HVC on RA.

46 and human islets and find that the beta cell trophic effect of Wisp1 is dependent on Akt signaling.

47 sonally breeding songbird and found that the trophic effects of one forebrain song nucleus on its tar

48 ntion are impacted by habitat conditions and trophic effects, especially oxygen conditions and appare

49 f plant partners and seasonal variability in trophic exchanges between the symbionts introduce additi

50 RE120) gene therapy, the longest post-mortem trophic factor gene therapy cases reported to date.

51 A-axis activity; inflammatory processes; and trophic factor regulation were related to the severity o

52 rg3, two members of the neuregulin family of trophic factors, regulate the inhibitory outputs and exc

53 ematical framework for investigating how tri-trophic food chains persist in seasonal environments.

54 for marine AO across a wide onshore/offshore trophic gradient.

55 er trophic groups (nematodes) than for lower trophic groups (microorganisms) and primary producers (p

56 m nutrient enrichment were weaker for higher trophic groups (nematodes) than for lower trophic groups

57 ffected functional diversity across multiple trophic groups (primary producers, mutualists, herbivore

58 only plants but were also expressed by other trophic groups and, to a similar degree, in aboveground

59 Each of the focal trophic groups responded differently to these drivers: t

60 relations between the species richness of 16 trophic groups, 10 ecosystem functions, and 15 ecosystem

61 n the timing of life cycle events across all trophic groups.

62 This trend was consistent for different trophic guilds (primary producers, grazers, filter feede

63 nbiased, and reproducible approach to define trophic guilds and apply recent advances in machine lear

64 We then use network analysis to identify 8 trophic guilds and Bayesian phylogenetic modeling to sho

65 n often leads to inconsistent definitions of trophic guilds based on expert opinion, especially when

66 Bayesian phylogenetic modeling to show that trophic guilds can be predicted based on phylogeny and m

67 experts disagree on the assignment of broad trophic guilds for more than 20% of species, which hampe

68 ven by widespread declines across a range of trophic guilds, with subsequent recovery unevenly distri

69 s are segregated either in time, space or in trophic habits.

70 Our work demonstrates the usefulness of the trophic incoherence parameter when considering models of

71 We utilise a topological measure called the trophic incoherence parameter, q, which effectively gaug

72 First, the persistence of the tri-trophic interaction is enhanced if species at upper trop

73 er, it is challenging to delineate potential trophic interactions across an ecosystem, and a paucity

74 Given the ubiquity of trophic interactions across environments, they impart a

75 obial community assembly through the lens of trophic interactions also has important implications for

76 ite sharks and the use of shared habitat and trophic interactions between squid and white sharks, in

77 se machine learning to test whether pairwise trophic interactions can be predicted with accuracy.

78 Trophic interactions emerge from the deconstruction of c

79 source and habitat use, niche occupation and trophic interactions from a stable isotope perspective o

80 cosystems to climate change, but the role of trophic interactions in facilitating or preventing range

81 e assessed how temperature affects reef fish trophic interactions in the Western Atlantic and modeled

82 dings stress the importance of incorporating trophic interactions into climate change predictions.

83 cales where the influence of competitive and trophic interactions is strongest.

84 ong species and trophic levels, making their trophic interactions more prone to changes as oceans war

85 This work suggests that trophic interactions play a role in the reorganization o

86 ibility') in food webs emerges from species' trophic interactions remains a long-standing open questi

87 s that the assembly and persistence of multi-trophic interactions requires that species at lower trop

88 on in the Florida Keys may preserve critical trophic interactions that indirectly promote coral succe

89 earning to predict probabilities of pairwise trophic interactions with high accuracy.

90 ls and research approaches to plant defense, trophic interactions, coevolutionary dynamics, food secu

91 eoretical advances to argue that networks of trophic interactions, in which the metabolic excretions

92 g, tropical reefs will experience diminished trophic interactions, particularly herbivory and inverti

93 In the context of trophic interactions, the match-mismatch hypothesis post

94 mines the potential of viral transfer due to trophic interactions.

95 they engage with environmental variation and trophic interactions.

96 i.e. closed systems), and because of simpler trophic interactions.

97 for pairwise interactions but not for multi-trophic interactions.

98 as well as high-resolution probabilities of trophic interactions.

99 es to sinks or across the redox/hydrological/trophic interfaces.

100 976 to 2016) in the habitat (delta(13)C) and trophic level (delta(15)N) of five important Southern Oc

101 ominated diphenyl ether congeners, in higher trophic level (TL) organisms are expected to be strongly

102 re comparable, we found spatial variation in trophic level among coyote populations.

103 Additionally, no evidence of higher trophic level bioaccumulation or toxicity was observed w

104 imately, projections of end of century upper trophic level biomass change are altered by 50%-80% acro

105 nt protected area configurations using multi-trophic level experimental microcosms.

106 marine reserves profoundly changed, with low trophic level herbivores dominating the responses.

107 ting lowered metabolic functioning of higher trophic level nematodes and decreased soil food web stab

108 eased the abundance of lower, but not higher trophic level nematodes.

109 on a higher proportion of marine and higher trophic level prey, (2) they have higher energy requirem

110 The positive effects of biodiversity on one trophic level were not counteracted by the negative effe

111 in the log-concentration of a pollutant per trophic level) have been extensively assessed for the so

112 d host characteristics, such as sociality or trophic level, but ID MMEs did occur more frequently in

113 5% accuracy onto major niche axes, including trophic level, dietary resource type and finer-scale var

114 key life-history characteristics (sociality, trophic level, habitat breadth) and environmental variab

115 c values to reflect consumption patterns and trophic level, respectively.

116 nfluence range limits and how this varies by trophic level.

117 etween environmental conditions, habitat and trophic level.

118 found where coyotes occurred at their lowest trophic level.

119 .g., marine vs terrestrial) and the nitrogen trophic level.

120 tors such as phylogeny/immune complexity and trophic level/diet, plus climate.

121 rs, as well as land use, host phylogeny, and trophic level/diet.

122 These data provide new insight into upper-trophic-level processes constrained from the geological

123 future Arctic Ocean that can support higher trophic-level production and additional carbon export.

124 interaction is enhanced if species at upper trophic levels (e.g. top predators) are more cold-adapte

125 haracteristics of species representing lower trophic levels (e.g., fish communities) to build flow-ec

126 her trophic levels (nematodes) than at lower trophic levels (microbes).

127 ading to more pronounced decreases at higher trophic levels (nematodes) than at lower trophic levels

128 eriods of increased marine production across trophic levels (P1 7600-7100 and P2 6400-5900 cal.

129 ronutrient', one whose shortfall targets two trophic levels - herbivores and detritivores.

130 ntration pathway (RCP8.5), while BRT between trophic levels 2 and 4 is projected to decrease from 2.7

131 ual-to-population-level impacts across taxa, trophic levels and biomes at a global scale.

132 ous examination of organisms across multiple trophic levels and domains of life, providing critical i

133 cosystems, these declines will impact higher trophic levels and environmental nutrient cycling.

134 ate change could have implications for lower trophic levels and for ecosystem functioning.

135 surface), especially for organisms at higher trophic levels and in less productive ecosystems.

136 e assessed abundances of soil fauna in lower trophic levels and indirect impacts on leaf-litter decom

137 forest leaf-litter communities altered lower trophic levels and litter decomposition.

138 the relative timing of spring events across trophic levels and mismatches in the phenology of intera

139 ause of the complex linkages across multiple trophic levels and the lack of accessible data.

140 ing the potential for indirect effects among trophic levels and the relationship between arthropod di

141 ids more than parasitoids even though higher trophic levels are generally predicted to be more affect

142 hange trends in NPP and the biomass of upper trophic levels are strongly affected by modifying assump

143 interactions requires that species at lower trophic levels be somewhat maladapted to their ambient t

144 suggest that predators may facilitate lower trophic levels by indirectly reducing competition and re

145 l selection pressures and transcend multiple trophic levels can improve our understanding of plant me

146 d greater resource overexploitation by lower trophic levels compared to wet forests.

147 te warming can restructure lake food webs if trophic levels differ in their thermal responses, but ev

148 data collected weekly to yearly across five trophic levels from 1981 to 2008.

149 ed effects of N and P enrichment on multiple trophic levels in soil food webs have not been studied i

150 Trophic levels jointly increased the performance of the

151 e effects of nutrient enrichment on multiple trophic levels of soil food webs, and highlight that soi

152 lites were not significantly correlated with trophic levels or underwent a trophic dilution.

153 The model includes numerous trophic levels ranging from phytoplankton to polar bears

154 Loss of biodiversity from lower to upper trophic levels reduces overall productivity and stabilit

155 ld-adaptation should constrain the number of trophic levels that can be supported in a given thermal

156 last water (BW) assemblages across different trophic levels was characterized over a 21 day cross-lat

157 Trophic levels were determined using stable isotopes.

158 ciency (the fraction of production passed up trophic levels) and primary production can account for t

159 functional (size structure, effects on lower trophic levels), community (zooplankton composition, abu

160 neralists during assembly, realistic maximum trophic levels, and increased nestedness with mutualisti

161 spond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and t

162 fore how much plasticity lies at the highest trophic levels, are largely unknown.

163 There is consensus that, on single trophic levels, biodiversity sustains functions; however

164 Other FGs varied in their responses among trophic levels, ecoregions, and in their sensitivity to

165 How these changes cascade through linked trophic levels, however, is not well understood.

166 Lower NPP would subsequently affect multiple trophic levels, including shallow benthic filter-feeding

167 arthropods consume non-prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the sh

168 arine ectotherms also vary among species and trophic levels, making their trophic interactions more p

169 uction is changing at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in asynchrony betw

170 nt genotypic diversity effects differ across trophic levels, taxonomic groups and ecosystem functions

171 lted in changes in relative abundance across trophic levels, with the direction of change depending o

172 s to how long-term warming can favour higher trophic levels, with the potential to strengthen top-dow

173 greater fish biomass, particularly of upper trophic levels.

174 anic carbon export and energy flow to higher trophic levels.

175 understanding of species interactions across trophic levels.

176 thways of energy and material flow to higher trophic levels.

177 ned plant genotypic diversity effects across trophic levels.

178 ering specialist species and those at higher trophic levels.

179 building an understanding of change in lower trophic levels.

180 onservation decisions, especially for higher trophic levels.

181 e degree of aquatic-based diet and at higher trophic levels.

182 city that facilitates flow of carbon between trophic levels.

183 crobial genera increased as coyotes ascended trophic levels.

184 reducing stoichiometric constraints at basal trophic levels.

185 and do not account for a large variation in trophic levels.

186 five species, suggesting minimal changes in trophic levels.

187 cascading effects propagating through lower trophic levels.

188 ver the last 50 years but maintained similar trophic levels.

189 e ecosystems and are known to support higher trophic levels.

190 These findings may suggest a trophic link between biofilm PFASs and aquatic insect PF

191 future predictions, jeopardizing a critical trophic link.

192 nce of expected predator-prey relationships, trophic linkages, and seasonal shifts across all domains

193 Because trophic magnification and the resulting C(L) in fish exh

194 This, and high trophic magnification factors (TMF, 3.7-9.3 for L-PFOS),

195 The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) calculated in this

196 Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were calculated acc

197 Trophic magnification factors (TMFs, i.e., the average c

198 ary in their propensity to biomagnify, their trophic magnification factors are all generally greater

199 Because of trophic magnification in the food chain, the thermodynam

200 OCs in fish were near C(L water), only after trophic magnification up to TL = 4.

201 al prey in the diet, as would be expected if trophic mismatch was increasing.

202 Migrating deer did not experience a trophic mismatch with the green wave during drought.

203 of a change in the impact of climate-induced trophic mismatch, and evidence that shags are tracking l

204 We quantify the magnitude of resultant trophic mismatches between aphids and their plant hosts

205 Trophic mismatches caused by changes in consumer energet

206 in fluctuating environments can give rise to trophic mismatches governing the emergent effects of glo

207 We developed and applied a trophic model to predict these impacts on four ecosystem

208 The structure of the emergent trophic network and the rate at which primary resources

209 t quantify the structure and dynamics of the trophic network using ecosystem energetics to data from

210 nity-energy-use efficiency across the entire trophic network.

211 or roles as consumers and decomposers in the trophic networks of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater

212 In trophic networks, "modules"-groups of species that inter

213 Trophic niche and diet comparisons among closely sympatr

214 The realised trophic niche in Callilepis species was similar to its f

215 irements interact to determine an organism's trophic niche in the context of one of the largest globa

216 red prairie), and to quantify changes in the trophic niche of a widespread generalist ant species acr

217 The fundamental trophic niche of Callilepis species included mainly ants

218 We assessed resource consumption and trophic niche partitioning as a function of human distur

219 Trophic niche partitioning is the primary mechanism regu

220 of two hypotheses that explain variation in trophic niche-the niche variation hypothesis which empha

221 Changes in trophic niche-the pathways through which an organism obt

222 ebs requires an accurate assessment of their trophic niche.

223 ut the extent to which animal traits predict trophic niches and associated ecological processes is un

224 xperiments were used to estimate fundamental trophic niches and molecular methods to estimate realise

225 But the capacity for species to alter their trophic niches in response to global change, and the way

226 Here we investigated trophic niches in three closely-related spider species f

227 specialisation both fundamental and realised trophic niches need to be estimated.

228 forms exploiting a complex configuration of trophic niches.

229 s and molecular methods to estimate realised trophic niches.

230 Furthermore, neither predator biomass nor trophic position (via stable isotope analysis) increased

231 ratios (delta(15)N) were used as proxies for trophic position and carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C)

232 nd within-individual effects of body size on trophic position and resource use change strongly over t

233 We investigated two trophic traits, trophic position and resource use, with stable isotopes

234 rmed to elucidate the importance of diet and trophic position for PFAS uptake.

235 Stable isotope analysis revealed that trophic position of the chewing herbivore and omnivore i

236 ures, the ants were top predators, sharing a trophic position with predatory spiders.

237 f amino acids were used to investigate their trophic position.

238 n plant richness by shifting their estimated trophic position.

239 ness on food chain length, niche breadth and trophic position.

240 riment, in which individuals occupied higher trophic positions in plots with higher wolf spider densi

241 e size and that wolf spiders occupied higher trophic positions where adult females were larger.

242 abundance towards predators occupying middle trophic positions.

243 In this study we investigated the trophic potential of DPSC-derived conditioned medium (CM

244 archaeology, and forensic science to explore trophic relationships and provenances of organisms and m

245 n the heart, we identified key intercellular trophic relationships and shifts in cellular communicati

246 il hominins and associated fauna, as well as trophic relationships in past food webs.

247 eful tool to reconstruct diets, characterize trophic relationships, and assess spatiotemporal variati

248 a(13)C indicate that the predictive power of trophic relationships, and traditional dietary ecologica

249 dict such invasion impacts by reconstructing trophic relationships.

250 for this to occur, there must be sufficient trophic resources to support larger populations of these

251 ate change due to decreases in their primary trophic resources, caused by bottom-up forcing, secondar

252 l prey resources to evaluate community-level trophic responses to human presence.

253 ur results provide mechanistic evidence that trophic rewilding has rapidly revived a key ecosystem fu

254 ive species-and that one decade of concerted trophic rewilding restored this invasion to pre-war base

255 macrophages play a previously unappreciated trophic role in maintaining choroidal vasculature and RP

256 nction depends on the constraints imposed by trophic, service, and engineering dependencies.

257 which mediate cell-to-cell inflammatory and trophic signaling, are thought be viable therapeutic tar

258 ands activate RET tyrosine kinase and afford trophic signals irrespective of GFRalpha1 coexpression.

259 ent and divergent adaptations, and the multi-trophic significance of defensive traits; therefore the

260 indicate that the delta(15) N offset between trophic-source AAs (Delta(15) N(trophic-source) ) may pr

261 fset between trophic-source AAs (Delta(15) N(trophic-source) ) may provide an index of the extent of

262 Theory predicts that trophic specialization (i.e. low dietary diversity) shou

263 ts on taxa than changes in fish predation or trophic state mediated through primary productivity.

264 by up to 2 degrees C, rather than changes in trophic state or fishing effort, have restructured the p

265 ties, suggesting that an evaluation of their trophic status is warranted.

266 robes, and potentially profoundly impact the trophic status of temperate waters.

267 ngs demonstrate that taxonomic identity, not trophic status or body size, is the best baseline from w

268 4 lakes across 5 degrees latitude varying in trophic status, mixing regime, and bathymetry.

269 methylation of Hg in wetlands with different trophic status.

270 phs in the methylation of Hg with decreasing trophic status.

271 ng laws and that it is not well explained by trophic status.

272 t of the heavy isotope in mammals along each trophic step.

273 s-are fine-tuned to an organism's growth and trophic strategy.

274 ing of ecosystem functioning should focus on trophic structure and biomass production.

275 espread, but largely unknown, alterations to trophic structure and ecosystem function.

276 able equilibrium in a complex ecosystem with trophic structure can become unstable with the introduct

277 quantity and evenness of rainfall modulates trophic structure in 210 natural freshwater microcosms (

278 ected impacts climate change can have on the trophic structure of communities, which can lead to sign

279 and the established importance of bottom-up trophic structuring in deep-sea ecosystems, we hypothesi

280 ve methodology as a powerful tool for future trophic studies.

281 Therefore, seamount-induced bottom-up trophic subsidies are not rare, occurring most often at

282 ly to be important for local food webs, as a trophic subsidy to distant habitats and for inshore carb

283 Identifying its role in the trophic supply and contaminant exposure of marine megafa

284 ial to better predict both MeHg exposure and trophic supply to white sharks, and effectively protect

285 t to expand ISCs in vitro without additional trophic support and contribute to ISC maintenance in viv

286 key astrocytic functions in vitro, including trophic support of neurons, glutamate uptake, and phagoc

287 guidance and synaptic shaping or through the trophic support, neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, c

288 We use a 20 year study on a tri-trophic system: sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, two associ

289 egating mechanisms (temporal, behavioral and trophic) that could facilitate the coexistence of the tw

290 ic shifts, individuals showed variability in trophic traits as big as the variability estimated betwe

291 We investigated two trophic traits, trophic position and resource use, with

292 Behaviorally-mediated, high trophic transfer characterizes the McMurdo Sound MIZ, an

293 we find that temperature-driven increases in trophic transfer efficiency (the fraction of production

294 iomass flows in coastal marine food web: the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) and the biomass reside

295 We determined the accumulation and trophic transfer of 14 PFASs (5 short-chain and 9 long-c

296 species, we provide global estimates of two trophic transfer parameters which determine biomass flow

297 Trophic variability did not affect model performance tre

298 our knowledge, we were the first to include trophic variability in predicting biomagnification in Ar

299 ndividual effects were significantly driving trophic variability over short-term scales.

300 continued concern for PFAS exposure of high trophic wildlife is still warranted, even in the norther