ライフサイエンスコーパス: typhi

1 terium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi).

2 lymerase chain reaction [PCR] for Salmonella Typhi).

3 nic typhoid toxin deletion mutant (TN) of S. Typhi.

4 robial-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

5 lmonella (NTS) serotypes, and 126 Salmonella Typhi.

6 ecruited were culture or PCR positive for S. Typhi.

7 gent, ezetimibe, reduced susceptibility to S Typhi.

8 ng an established human infection model of S Typhi.

9 ella enterica isolates that are not serotype Typhi.

10 memory CD4+ T-cells following exposure to S. Typhi.

11 nd how they impact on the pathogenesis of S. Typhi.

12 predominance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

13 nd compared to other available genomes of S. Typhi.

14 etect 1 colony-forming unit/mL of Salmonella Typhi.

15 ted outbreak, the first of ESBL-producing S. Typhi.

16 ainst the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhi.

17 arly chromatin modifications modulated by S. Typhi.

18 all were extensively drug resistant (XDR) S. Typhi.

19 infection, reduces onward transmission of S. Typhi.

20 ticipants challenged with wild-type or TN S. Typhi (15 out of 21 (71%) versus 15 out of 19 (79%); P =

21 (5.3%) were culture positive for Salmonella Typhi (249 [81.9%]) or Paratyphi A (55 [18.1%]).

22 human-adapted bacterial pathogen Salmonella Typhi (6,7) , the cause of typhoid fever in humans (8-12

23 ic acid (NAL-R) increased from 2008 to 2012 (Typhi, 60% to 68%; Paratyphi A, 91% to 94%).

24 Of 129 Salmonella Typhi, 89 (89.9%) were resistant to amoxicillin, 85 (81.

25 ion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen.

26 n and adults, respectively, while Salmonella Typhi accounted for 0.5% and 2.1%, respectively.

27 Salmonella Typhi activates the host DNA damage response through the

28 allenge with a small inoculum of virulent S. Typhi administered in bicarbonate solution can be perfor

29 enterocytes, and it has been assumed that S Typhi also preferentially targets M cells.

30 rculosis MgtC is highly homologous to its S. Typhi analogue, there does not appear to be an Mtb homol

31 (6.3-28.0) months for those with Salmonella Typhi and 11.5 (8.5-23.4) months for NTS.

32 Of these, 7,591 (87%) were Salmonella Typhi and 1114 (13%) were S. Paratyphi.

33 ance was present in 68 (81.0%) of Salmonella Typhi and 12 (41.4%) of NTS.

34 6 (10.1%) had positive blood cultures for S. Typhi and 297 (1.4%) had positive cultures for S. Paraty

35 94% (2093/2230) of isolates were Salmonella Typhi and 6% (137/2230) were S. Paratyphi.

36 were available for analysis (164 Salmonella Typhi and 784 iNTS).

37 YGH, we identified 33 (4.9%) with Salmonella Typhi and 9 (1.3%) with Salmonella Paratyphi A bloodstre

38 Nepal of patients with culture-confirmed S. Typhi and controls with other bacteremic illnesses.

39 those for animals infected with wild-type R. typhi and develop comparable pathology and bacterial loa

40 ficant transmission mechanism for Salmonella typhi and dysentery-causing pathogens in this urban popu

41 Salmonella Typhi and iNTS were cultured from 194 (1.4%) and 840 (5.

42 the microbiological landscape of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) in the

43 The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs

44 Salmonella enterica including Salmonella Typhi and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are the predomin

45 Salmonella Typhi and NTS are major causes of BSI in DRC; their anti

46 to hospital-based surveillance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A bloodstream infections from 5 Octo

47 crobial susceptibility results of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates sent for testing by parti

48 tion caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, frequently presents as a nonlocal

49 fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi is substantial and has high impact i

50 erica serovar Typhimurium, the genomes of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A are characterized by inactivati

51 t, together with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Sendai, causes ent

52 -pathogen interactions induced by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A during enteric fever ar

53 reaction (qPCR) method to detect Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A simultaneously in blood

54 e set was able to detect clinical Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A strains and also diarrh

55 Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, is the leading cause o

56 e are key transmission routes for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A.

57 lmonellosis (infections caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi), this disorder remains a

58 c disease caused by the pathogens Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi.

59 perimentally observed differences between S. typhi and Staphylococcus aureus enzymes.

60 Two major serovars of Salmonella enterica, Typhi and Typhimurium, have evolved a two-component regu

61 Serovars of Salmonella enterica, namely Typhi and Typhimurium, reportedly, are the bacterial pat

62 4, 135 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and 94 iNTS isolates were cultured from the blood

63 terica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and can lead to systemic illness and complication

64 amushi), murine typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile i

65 nterica of which 129 (75.4%) were Salmonella Typhi, and 42 (24.6%) were NTS.

66 ne on 76 cases; 8 (11%) were positive for S. Typhi, and all were extensively drug resistant (XDR) S.

67 on 86 patients; 3 (3%) were positive for S. Typhi, and all were XDR S. Typhi, out of 86 samples test

68 IMD pathway could minimize the spread of R. typhi, and potentially other human pathogens, vectored b

69 Typhi, and survived lethal intranasal S. sonnei challeng

70 ic depolymerase enzyme missing in S enterica Typhi, and we exploited this enzyme to isolate acylated

71 lla enterica and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and Yersinia pestis), and 3 protozoa (Leishmania

72 identified several immunoreactive Salmonella Typhi antigens that seem promising for possible inclusio

73 Samoan S. Typhi are pansusceptible to traditional first-line antib

74 We detected 4.3.1 S. Typhi as early as 1991, the earliest to be reported form

75 tion of genomic and phenotypic markers of R. typhi azithromycin resistance is needed.

76 degrees C or higher for 12 h or longer or S Typhi bacteraemia, following oral challenge administered

77 was immunogenic and effective in reducing S. Typhi bacteremia in children 9 months to 16 years of age

78 n (fever >=38 degrees C for >=12 h and/or S. Typhi bacteremia) between participants challenged with w

79 enome sequence, little is known regarding R. typhi biology in flea vectors that, importantly, do not

80 ade (2007-2017) of hospital-based Salmonella Typhi bloodstream infection (BSI) surveillance in the De

81 yphoid epidemic, using temporal trends in S. Typhi bloodstream infection and perforated abdominal vis

82 kettsia prowazekii and PKMT2 from Rickettsia typhi, both the apo form and in complex with its cofacto

83 n <5 years accounted for 20.3% of Salmonella Typhi BSI episodes.

84 he IMD pathway as a critical regulator of R. typhi burden in C. felis These data suggest that targeti

85 the intracellular human pathogen Salmonella Typhi, but its potential broader role in antimicrobial d

86 H58 S. Typhi can express multiple antibiotic resistance determi

87 f typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, can partially subvert this critical innate immune

88 n of culture-proven ceftriaxone-resistant S. Typhi cases, suspected cases from the households or neig

89 s with large proportion of drug resistant S. Typhi cases.

90 Shigella sonnei and Salmonella Typhi cause significant morbidity and mortality.

91 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes the systemic disease typhoid fever.

92 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever only in humans.

93 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldw

94 he crystal structure of DHQ1 from Salmonella typhi chemically modified by this ammonium derivative re

95 id not belong to the dominant H58 Salmonella Typhi clade.

96 t of iNTS vaccines and the introduction of S Typhi conjugate vaccines should be considered for high-i

97 Salmonella Typhi contributed most to the enteric fever hospitalizat

98 out of 130 Phage and 36 HEGs in S. enterica Typhi CT18, which shows that it is more efficient in det

99 ealed differences in the ability of these S. Typhi derivatives to invade cells or induce cellular res

100 has increased in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, driven in part by the emergence of successful gen

101 ion, with GTP-bound Arf6 localized to the R. typhi entry foci.

102 nding to the requirement of PI(4,5)P2 for R. typhi entry.

103 ilure was associated with the emergence of S Typhi exhibiting resistance against fluoroquinolones, re

104 creased the odds of seroconversion of IgG S. Typhi flagella antibody (adjusted OR 6.4, 95% CI, 1.3-31

105 Hypothesizing that S. Typhi flagella plays a key role during infection, we con

106 fferences in the phenotypic properties of S. Typhi flagella variation and how they impact on the path

107 role during infection, we constructed an S. Typhi fliC mutant and otherwise isogenic S. Typhi strain

108 S. Typhi from Indonesia are a notable exception, with circu

109 mice with live typhoidal serovar, Salmonella Typhi, generates cross-reactive immune responses, which

110 two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome.

111 Thus, R. typhi(GFPuv) bacteria are a novel, potent tool to study

112 CB17 SCID mice infected with R. typhi(GFPuv) succumb to the infection with kinetics simi

113 Transformed R. typhi (R. typhi(GFPuv)) bacteria are viable, replicate with kineti

114 ecific restimulation of spleen cells from R. typhi(GFPuv)-infected BALB/c mice elicits gamma interfer

115 he transcontinental spread of the Salmonella Typhi H58 haplotype, improved estimates of the burden of

116 confirmed cases of ceftriaxone-resistant S. Typhi had been reported in 4 months with the first case

117 e antibiotic resistance island in Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58.

118 S. Typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicatin

119 4.3.1 S. Typhi has dominated in Vellore for 2 decades.

120 sistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) has been the main cause of enteric fever, but now

121 ear epidemics of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi have been reported from countries across eastern a

122 nfection using a randomized, double-blind S. Typhi human challenge model(7).

123 1,832 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) identifies a single dominant MDR lineage, H58, th

124 outcome, which is blood culture-confirmed S. Typhi illness.

125 usative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi implicated in many outbreaks through history.

126 th kinetics similar to those of wild-type R. typhi in cell culture, and stably maintain the plasmid a

127 rns, and modes of transmission of Salmonella Typhi in diverse settings.

128 outbreak of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Hyderabad, Pakistan, through antimicrobial resi

129 activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi in in vitro antimicrobial tests, followed closely

130 could be the circulation of XDR strain of S. Typhi in Karachi.

131 n-susceptibility and the emergence of XDR S. Typhi in Pakistan, limiting treatment options.

132 required for early replication of Salmonella Typhi in vivo.

133 eria Salmonella enterica serovar (Salmonella typhi) in 10 muL of sample volume.

134 a serovar Typhimurium, the murine model of S Typhi, in which various ECM genes were deleted or added,

135 here was widespread drug resistance among S. Typhi, including FQ non-susceptibility and the emergence

136 A recent study of 1900 global S. Typhi indicated that South Asia might be the site of the

137 We also found S. Typhi-induced post-translational modifications in histon

138 exchange factor BLOC-3 are permissive to S. Typhi infection and exhibit increased susceptibility to

139 ion and causal mechanisms between Salmonella Typhi infection and GBC have not been established.

140 ereas the cellular mechanisms involved in S. Typhi infection have been intensively studied, very litt

141 Knockdown of Relish and Imd increased R. typhi infection levels, implicating the IMD pathway as a

142 nt, with chronic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection reported as a significant risk factor.

143 hogenicity island was required for lethal S. Typhi infection, nor was the CdtB typhoid toxin.

144 Secreted early during R. typhi infection, RalF localizes to the host plasma membr

145 gical association between GBC and Salmonella Typhi infection, we show that Salmonella enterica induce

146 portantly, do not suffer lethality due to R. typhi infection.

147 I(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3)P, negatively affects R. typhi infection.

148 le animal model in which to study Salmonella Typhi infection.

149 ray of mucosal immune responses following S. Typhi infection.

150 s (hu-SRC-SCID) are susceptible to lethal S. Typhi infection.

151 lity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) infection.

152 We reviewed Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections reported to the Centers for Disease Con

153 t-restricted lifestyle typical of Salmonella Typhi infections.

154 to R. typhi Initially, we determined that R. typhi infects Drosophila cells and increases antimicrobi

155 phalides felis) innate immune response to R. typhi Initially, we determined that R. typhi infects Dro

156 In contrast, Abs against S Typhi interacted with live intact S Enteritidis but did

157 and help identify recent introductions of S. Typhi into new or previously endemic locations, providin

158 In addition to Salmonella Typhi, invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella are increasingly

159 Salmonella Typhi is a human host-restricted pathogen that is respon

160 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial path

161 Salmonella Typhi is a major cause of fever in children in low- and

162 Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is a major public health concern in low-/middle-in

163 which can infect a broad range of hosts, S. Typhi is a strict human pathogen.

164 Salmonella Typhi is an exclusive human pathogen that causes typhoid

165 n the main cause of enteric fever, but now S Typhi is being displaced by infections with drug-resista

166 Rickettsia typhi is the causative agent of endemic typhus, a diseas

167 Salmonella Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever, a disease that has

168 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever.

169 Salmonella Typhi is the leading cause of childhood bacteremia in ce

170 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) is responsible for an estimated 20 million infect

171 ubspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) is the cause of typhoid fever and a human host-re

172 Murine typhus, or infection with Rickettsia typhi, is a global but neglected disease without randomi

173 fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is an important public health problem in resource

174 ever case with a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolate showing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (

175 Two MDR Salmonella Typhi isolates from India were found by whole genome seq

176 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from the 2 hospitals with blood culture c

177 n (CDC) and antimicrobial-resistance data on Typhi isolates in CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistanc

178 ses of typhoid fever were diagnosed and 5004 Typhi isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.

179 FQ nonsusceptibility among S. Typhi isolates was 98% in Bangladesh, 87% in Nepal, and

180 In Pakistan, 16 % (331/2084) of S. Typhi isolates were MDR, and 64% (1319/2074) were XDR.

181 e (multidrug resistant [MDR]) was limited to Typhi isolates, primarily acquired in southern Asia (13%

182 NTS isolates and 46.2% (12/26) of Salmonella Typhi isolates.

183 essful Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi isolations from this laboratory over a period of 6

184 IgG against S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O and flagella was measur

185 in E (HlyE), cytolethal distending toxin, S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and S. Typhi membrane pr

186 These results suggest that S Typhi may preferentially target enterocytes in vivo.

187 Here we discuss the evolution of the S. Typhi MDR phenotype and consider options for management.

188 Accordingly, we assessed R. typhi-mediated flea IMD pathway activation in vivo using

189 n, S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and S. Typhi membrane preparation.

190 of NTS meningitis and 9 cases of Salmonella Typhi meningitis.

191 SCV environment, as toxin produced by an S. Typhi mutant with impaired trafficking is not properly s

192 ereas 86% (131/152) were serovars other than Typhi (nontyphoidal Salmonella).

193 between both pathogens is the presence in S. Typhi of TviA, a regulatory protein that shuts down flag

194 ntification of extensively drug resistant S. Typhi only highlights the dangers of ignoring this threa

195 Six Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi human challenge studies were conducte

196 Shedding of Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi in the stool or urine leads to contam

197 c infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Paratyphi pathovars A, B or C(1).

198 monella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi or Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar

199 gnosis of enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi A or B is bone marrow cult

200 es positive for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, or Paratyphi A, B, or C) on day 8; or relapse or

201 e positive for S. Typhi, and all were XDR S. Typhi, out of 86 samples tested for histopathology 4 (5%

202 ing to be closely related to the 2016 XDR S. Typhi outbreak strain from Pakistan.

203 ers were associated with less shedding of S. Typhi (P < .0001).

204 C-42 degrees C) Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Sendai significantly attenuate t

205 Typhi/Paratyphi were isolated from blood.

206 Following oral ingestion of S Typhi, participants were assessed with daily blood cultu

207 The unique features of S. Typhi pathogenesis and its stringent host specificity ha

208 firmed murine typhus, and 52 (24.1%) were R. typhi PCR positive.

209 Among R. typhi PCR-positive patients, the area under the time-tem

210 The adjusted incidence rate (AIR) of S Typhi per 100 000 person-years of observation ranged fro

211 ow designated genotype 4.3.1), the global S. Typhi population is highly structured and includes dozen

212 ted here can be used to interrogate local S. Typhi populations and help identify recent introductions

213 In conclusion, repeated vaccination with S. Typhi porins programs type I T follicular helper cell re

214 supporting the alternative hypothesis that S Typhi preferentially targets enterocytes.

215 eport that upon infection of human cells, S. Typhi produces two forms of typhoid toxin that have dist

216 Transformed R. typhi (R. typhi(GFPuv)) bacteria are viable, replicate w

217 Salmonella Typhi ranked first among the BSI pathogens in adults (n

218 atient had a positive O. tsutsugamushi or R. typhi rapid diagnostic test (RDT), serology, or PCR.

219 Among Salmonella Typhi, rates of multidrug resistance and decreased cipro

220 No patients returned with PCR-confirmed R. typhi relapse.

221 Typhoid toxin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi relies on a muramidase.

222 Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi remains a major public health problem in developin

223 tsutsugamushi) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) research to provide an evidence base for biosafet

224 zae, S suis) and O tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi/Rickettsia spp, and Leptospira spp infections in b

225 lity (236/876 [27%]), with 18% (13/71) for R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira sp

226 Our data suggest that R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira sp

227 infections were caused by O tsutsugamushi, R typhi/Rickettsia spp, or Leptospira spp.

228 n 31, 2014, 135 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and 94 iNTS isolates were cultured from

229 tidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) has been the main cause of enteric fever

230 usceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) infection.

231 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) is responsible for an estimated 20 milli

232 monella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and can lead to systemic illness and co

233 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes substantial morbidity and mortal

234 nalysis of 1,832 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) identifies a single dominant MDR lineag

235 uent invasion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen.

236 he population of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever,

237 in the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi).

238 ight into the molecular bases for Salmonella Typhi's host specificity and may help the development of

239 We designed primers for genes specific to S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, and genes conserved among Salmone

240 ablished that the human-adapted typhoidal S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, and S. Sendai are all noticeably

241 Blood samples spiked with in vitro grown S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, S. Typhimurium, and E. coli were

242 n error was 22%, which was mainly due to non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) diagnoses being misclassified as

243 monella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) is the cause of typhoid fever a

244 ride (O)-antigenic determinant of LPS that S Typhi shares with S Enteritidis.

245 Abs against the O determinant, which S Typhi shares with S Typhimurium, were present in the ser

246 Individuals previously exposed to S. Typhi shed less than previously unexposed individuals (O

247 Comparison with global S. Typhi showed 2 Vellore subgroups (I and II) that were ph

248 live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain to create a bivalent mucosal plague vaccine

249 vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a is modestly efficacious, but the mech

250 al ileum exposed ex vivo to the wild-type S. Typhi strain were stained with a 33-metal-labeled antibo

251 monella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi strain with resistance against beta-lactams, cepha

252 Typhi fliC mutant and otherwise isogenic S. Typhi strains expressing the Hj, Hd, Hz66 flagella antig

253 a tissue culture M cell model, we examined S Typhi strains with a deletion in the stg fimbriae.

254 e data safety and monitoring board because S Typhi strains with high-level resistance to ciprofloxaci

255 tness advantage relative to other Salmonella Typhi strains.

256 appear dispensable in the replication of S. Typhi, supporting findings from a recent human challenge

257 r major causes of FBD deaths were Salmonella Typhi, Taenia solium and hepatitis A virus.

258 We analyzed 194 clinical S. Typhi, temporal representatives from those isolated from

259 asing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhi that have served to increase interest in typhoid e

260 xin, a unique virulence factor of Salmonella Typhi (the cause of typhoid fever), recapitulates in an

261 ion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, exhibits l

262 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, f

263 ulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, and is thou

264 Salmonella Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is a monoph

265 Salmonella Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, produces an unusual A

266 an essential virulence factor of Salmonella Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever.

267 For flea-borne Rickettsia typhi, the etiological agent of murine typhus, research

268 This mechanism allowed S. Typhi to dampen inflammasome activation, leading to redu

269 e regulation of virulence factors enables S. Typhi to evade innate immune recognition by concealing a

270 We also compared the clinical features of S. Typhi to S. Paratyphi A among both outpatients and inpat

271 , Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) to antibiotics such as ampicillin and kanamycin.

272 Invasive NTS and S. Typhi together mapped around common water vending points

273 In this study, we use a high-density S. Typhi transposon library in hu-SRC-SCID mice to identify

274 Introduction of the S. Typhi tviA gene into S. Typhimurium suppressed antigen p

275 etabolic changes of the typhoidal Salmonella Typhi Ty2, the nontyphoidal Salmonella Typhimurium LT2,

276 influenzae, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi/Typhimurium.

277 n factors (Arfs), is critical for Rickettsia typhi (typhus group rickettsiae) entry but pseudogenized

278 Typhi vaccine (Ty21a) by using it as a vector to develop

279 tion of US adults with attenuated Salmonella Typhi vaccine CVD 908-htrA.

280 hance humoral immunity to oral attenuated S. Typhi vaccine.

281 Typhoid toxin is a S. Typhi virulence factor that can reproduce most of the ty

282 Salmonella Typhi was a frequent cause of BSI in adults and children

283 ptomatic bacteremia and stool shedding of S. Typhi was also observed.

284 We show how evolutionary divergence in S. Typhi was driven by rising global antibiotic use and by

285 MDR S. Typhi was identified in 17% (701/4065) of isolates in Ba

286 (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was identified, whole-genome sequence typed, among

287 Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 1.4% (531/37 388) and 10.3% (531/5

288 Multidrug-resistant S Typhi was isolated in Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania (both s

289 ical patients presenting to QECH; Salmonella Typhi was isolated on 2054 occasions (1.2%) and nontypho

290 Shedding of S. Typhi was more common than S. Paratyphi.

291 Salmonella Typhi was the leading cause of bloodstream infection amo

292 ense, invasive NTS was common and Salmonella Typhi was uncommon, whereas the inverse was observed at

293 ts experimentally infected with wild-type S. Typhi, we detected significant cytokine responses within

294 r spp, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Salmonella typhi were included in the high-priority tier.

295 4% (21/152) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, whereas 86% (131/152) were serovars other than Ty

296 t pathogenic Salmonella including Salmonella Typhi which causes systemic infection, typhoid, in human

297 yphimurium from 2002 to 2008, and Salmonella Typhi, which began in 2011 and was ongoing in 2014.

298 factor for the bacterial pathogen Salmonella Typhi, which causes typhoid fever in humans.

299 for the first time the transformation of R. typhi with the pRAM18dRGA plasmid that originally derive

300 d in vivo culture of O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi would require that only high-risk activities (anim