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1 s not necessary for the normal expression of unconditioned affective behavioral responses to taste st
2 d reached lymphoid and GVHD target tissue in unconditioned allogeneic RAG2(-/-) gamma-chain(-/-) reci
3 irectional, and immediate, resulting in both unconditioned and conditioned changes in brain and behav
7 t had at least 1 affected offspring and used unconditioned and DRB1-conditioned transmission disequil
8 e 14k are anxiolytic in both conditioned and unconditioned animal models of anxiety with minimal seda
10 We found that BNST CRF-OE did not affect unconditioned anxiety-like responses in the elevated plu
11 ssion within BNST neurons on conditioned and unconditioned anxiety-related behavior by using a lentiv
13 t or no effect on a range of conditioned and unconditioned appetitive behaviors known to depend on me
14 mplicit regulation of emotion in response to unconditioned auditory threat in healthy controls with E
16 n between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned, aversive stimulus (US) but also involves
17 ce, with their inactivation attenuating both unconditioned behavioral responses to somatic pain and f
19 the BLA participates in the conditioned and unconditioned cat odor stimulus association that underli
20 xpression also drives formation of T-ALLs in unconditioned CD-1 nude mice, bypassing any requirements
21 nsplantation of purified exogenous HSCs into unconditioned congenic histocompatible strains of mice,
24 12,422 genes and ESTs from T and T- and the unconditioned control cells, 16 genes were found that ma
25 erate an antidonor humoral response, whereas unconditioned controls infused with similar numbers of B
30 tive of associative learning, but due to the unconditioned expression of estradiol's anorectic effect
32 of picrotoxin facilitated the expression of unconditioned eyeblinks evoked by trigeminal stimulation
33 mplete disappearance of both conditioned and unconditioned eyelid responses, and a progressive decrea
36 lesions of the PMd have been shown to reduce unconditioned fear in rats presented with either a cat o
44 Whether the PMd, AHN and VMH are involved in unconditioned fear to another predator odor derived from
46 neurotoxic lesions of MHDC nuclei in rats on unconditioned fear to TMT and shock-induced contextually
48 and oxytocin modulate brain regions involved unconditioned fear, processing of social stimuli and the
49 nts that examined maternal responses to this unconditioned fear-inducing odor were carried out in a s
57 Confirming modulation of incentive salience, unconditioned food intake was similarly increased by DAM
60 information of different modalities, mediate unconditioned freezing, and may be involved in developme
61 ocedures (81% vs 54%; P < .003), although in unconditioned haploidentical donor HCT, nonengraftment w
62 spective data on patients who have undergone unconditioned HCT from either URDs (n = 37) or MSDs (n =
64 one marrow stromal conditioned media (CM) or unconditioned media (UCM) with increasing concentrations
66 Here we demonstrate that hESCs cultured in unconditioned medium (UM) are subjected to high levels o
69 nguished behaviorally by the US producing an unconditioned motor response whose form resembles that o
70 habit formation, striatal processing during unconditioned movements (i.e., licking) was characterize
71 scent protein (GFP) transgenic BM cells into unconditioned newborn STAT5ab(-/-) recipients of either
72 asured in the forced swim test, responses to unconditioned nociceptive stimuli, and elevated plus maz
73 ioned stimuli (CS(+)) and a 50% chance of an unconditioned nociceptive stimulus (US), and between CS(
74 of wild-type bone marrow-derived cells into unconditioned, nonirradiated Col4A3 knockout mice during
75 usion of unfractionated wild-type blood into unconditioned, nonirradiated Col4A3 knockout mice improv
76 show that odor exposure during STFP, but not unconditioned odor exposure, induces glomerulus-specific
80 sing male and female SHR rats exhibited more unconditioned orienting behavior than Wistar-Kyoto rats.
82 alcohol or were novel, while also increasing unconditioned port-entries during the intertrial interva
91 ged and older adults displayed reductions in unconditioned responding, discriminant conditioning, and
92 However, learning-related changes in the unconditioned response (UCR) produced by a predictable U
93 responses to cocaine self-administration, an unconditioned response to cocaine itself and a condition
94 lids consistently showed high percentages of unconditioned responses (UR) to the US, and the UR ampli
96 lowing a preconditioning test to measure any unconditioned responses to odor, mice received 5 pairing
98 ve TR can be dissociable from the effects of unconditioned rewarding properties of IL-NAcSh pathway a
101 neural circuits responsible for transforming unconditioned sensory stimuli and generating defensive b
103 at fetal ethanol exposure results in a tuned unconditioned sniffing and neurophysiological olfactory
105 generally aversive but socially nonspecific unconditioned stimuli (e.g., unpleasant odors and painfu
107 s a temporal gap between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (the trace interval), requires per
109 ed state transitions; these stimuli included unconditioned stimuli (USs) (liquid rewards and aversive
111 he representations of rewarding and aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the basolateral amygdala
113 Ss) predicted the occurrence of one of three unconditioned stimuli (USs): a large liquid reward, a sm
114 s on the balance between the strength of the unconditioned stimuli and on the motivational state of t
115 same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning
117 i without the association of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in the multisensory thalamic nucle
118 ng tasks where the timing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is not optimal for the induction o
119 ing paradigm consisting of socially relevant unconditioned stimuli of critical facial expressions and
121 generalization of unconditioned responses to unconditioned stimuli similar to the trauma may also be
122 Neural representations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli therefore ultimately connect to US
123 derscore the importance of disorder-relevant unconditioned stimuli when studying the conditioning cor
125 g only 50% of conditioned stimuli with their unconditioned stimuli), and extinction (unpaired conditi
126 ociative learning, but not single context or unconditioned stimuli, induces rapid dephosphorylation (
127 gining meeting liked versus disliked people (unconditioned stimuli, UCS) at initially neutral places
129 ) inputs with neuromodulatory reinforcement (unconditioned stimuli, US), which for aversive learning
135 ich was paired with one of three audiovisual unconditioned stimuli: negative insults with critical fa
136 or in determining the reinforcement value of unconditioned stimuli: poorly predicted ("surprising") o
137 ditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairing
140 different effects of various conditioned and unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) preexposure conditions on
141 e in the measurement of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) time intervals during cla
143 to a conditioned stimulus (click CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (glabella tap US) were studied in
145 t study, skin conductance response (SCR) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) expectancy were measured co
147 fail to produce aversive conditioning as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) when presented in large amo
152 auditory nerve that immediately precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the trigeminal ne
153 a conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) by at least about 100 ms for
156 onditional stimulus; CS) paired with a shock-unconditioned stimulus (US) does not emerge until postna
157 these neurons are selectively excited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning.
158 ip between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during reactivation is suffi
160 tal shock or a corneal airpuff served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in separate groups of sham o
162 a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) is often assumed to be funda
163 ion of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is separated in time by an i
165 e been widely hypothesized to be part of the unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway of odor-shock classi
166 oning, such as conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway, is important for un
167 CSs) that have a pre-existing relation to an unconditioned stimulus (US) rather than learning about a
168 to provide the cerebellum with a "teaching" unconditioned stimulus (US) signal required for cerebell
169 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s
170 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s
171 stimulus (CS) followed by an air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) that coterminated with it.
173 diated EBC deficits and the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) was explored in the current
174 odification (CRM)--changes in the NMR to the unconditioned stimulus (US) when tested in the absence o
175 ) nictitating membrane responses (NMR) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested by its
176 tioned stimulus (CS) and the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and delay conditioning, in
177 (CS), light CS, and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US), rats received associative t
178 of Pavlovian conditioning using food as the unconditioned stimulus (US), some rats (sign-trackers) c
179 rates the conditioned stimulus (CS) from the unconditioned stimulus (US), the association of which ha
180 tioned response (CR) after reexposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US)--and spontaneous recovery--t
182 ment (GPe), and this CeA-GPe circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus (US)-related information during c
194 CS+) was paired with sucrose delivery [i.e., unconditioned stimulus (US)], and the other stimulus (i.
196 0 seconds, 85 dB white noise) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, 2 seconds, 0.57 mA footshock
198 mulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.5 sec) separated by a sile
200 (CS) from signals related to the subsequent unconditioned stimulus (US; an aversive electric shock).
202 conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US; for example, a footshock), a
203 onditioned stimulus (CS; saccharin, SAC) and unconditioned stimulus (US; lithium chloride, LiCl).
204 timulus (CS) paired with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US; presented at 200- or 500-ms
205 he siphon (the CS+) is paired with a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US; tail shock), while a second
206 stimulus predictive of 10% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus [US]), but not during equally fre
209 be related to the relative intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and somatic requirements of the t
213 reater retention of the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association at each follow-up ses
214 stores memories of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UC
215 evious research has shown that ethanol as an unconditioned stimulus can induce a strong conditioned p
216 -conditioned stimulus with an electric shock-unconditioned stimulus causes new projection neuron syna
217 rons conveying the reinforcing effect of the unconditioned stimulus during associative learning to th
218 hysiological response in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus during threat acquisition.SIGNIFI
220 airing ACh with dopamine, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus in ganglia, decreased the excitab
222 bility of the hormone estradiol to act as an unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned taste avoidanc
225 -12 Hz depending on the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals (1 s, 500 ms, 250 ms) s
226 link conditioning under conditioned stimulus?unconditioned stimulus intervals known to be optimal or
227 onship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is represented in the brain.
231 vanilla odor was associated with a negative unconditioned stimulus of saline solution, cockroaches c
232 ppermint odor was associated with a positive unconditioned stimulus of sucrose solution and vanilla o
233 n, despite no evidence of compromised SCR to unconditioned stimulus or compromised declarative memory
234 associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of
235 ation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus over a stimulus-free trace interv
236 ronal activation during conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing were assessed using Fos-l
238 associative processes rather than increased unconditioned stimulus reactivity as the active mechanis
240 nditioned stimuli that are predictive of the unconditioned stimulus than by conditioned stimuli that
241 ygdala, as they convey information about the unconditioned stimulus to lateral amygdala neurons durin
242 RF neurons transition from responding to the unconditioned stimulus to the conditioned stimulus durin
243 on PD 25 when nontarget conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training occurred prior to the te
244 ng (in which the conditioned stimulus CS and unconditioned stimulus US overlap and co-terminate) is i
245 onditioned stimulus) and the electric shock (unconditioned stimulus) in mushroom body (MB) neurons.
246 facilitate decreases in anxiety (even to an unconditioned stimulus) while potentially promoting pair
249 s repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, and the expression of previously
250 e showed that despite disliking the aversive unconditioned stimulus, children exhibited a behavioural
251 were independent of levels of anxiety to the unconditioned stimulus, implicating associative processe
252 is, a "trace" period between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, requires awareness of the associ
253 p between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus, so that synaptic plasticity and
254 r the cardiac-unconditioning response to the unconditioned stimulus, suggesting a role for the claust
257 ed stimulus, CS) associated with pain onset (unconditioned stimulus, US) provoke defensive responses
258 as no such effect on responding during food (unconditioned stimulus, US) responding or in the intertr
261 variable representing the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus, whereas activity in the dorsolat
262 that have received the same pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, yet have no predictive value.
263 They show that a primary function of the unconditioned stimulus-evoked activity of BLA neurons is
264 e to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimulus-specific reconsolidation of learn
285 +) that reliably predicts an aversive noise (unconditioned stimulus: US) is selectively enhanced in l
286 y reinforcing associations between outcomes (unconditioned stimulus; US) and their predictors (condit
288 ptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimula
290 suggest that ferret odor produces a reliable unconditioned stress response and may be useful as a pro
293 ation between conditioned visual stimuli and unconditioned taste stimuli, as well as the unexpected v
295 tended amygdalar projections elicit assorted unconditioned threat responses including autonomic arous
297 clarified which conditions are receptive to unconditioned transplants and which require more myeloab
298 vival was also seen in patients who received unconditioned transplants in comparison with myeloablati
299 s in which the H-reflex was simply measured [unconditioned (UC) subjects], and locomotion was reasses