ライフサイエンスコーパス: unconditioned stimulus

1 imulus (CS) alone] or a reinforced trial (CS-unconditioned stimulus).

2 (conditioned stimulus; CS) paired with milk (unconditioned stimulus).

3 sive stimulus, such as a mild footshock (the unconditioned stimulus).

4 ivity in the dentate gyrus after exposure to unconditioned stimulus.

5 e to associative pairing of the short CS and unconditioned stimulus.

6 the assignment of motivational value to the unconditioned stimulus.

7 pendency of fear recovery with a shock as an unconditioned stimulus.

8 responses after presentations of an auditory unconditioned stimulus.

9 the inhibitory stimulus was paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

10 g visual conditioned stimuli and an auditory unconditioned stimulus.

11 conditioned stimuli (CS) and a scream as the unconditioned stimulus.

12 ed with a mild electric shock serving as the unconditioned stimulus.

13 s signalled by presenting a tone without the unconditioned stimulus.

14 3 kHz tone conditioned stimulus and airpuff unconditioned stimulus.

15 y conditioned stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus.

16 a tone conditioned stimulus and an air puff unconditioned stimulus.

17 nditioned to saccharin using WRYamide as the unconditioned stimulus.

18 conditioned stimulus and a lithium chloride unconditioned stimulus.

19 r 25% reinforcement with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus.

20 tioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) and an air-puff unconditioned stimulus.

21 ed stimulus and a midline forehead tap as an unconditioned stimulus.

22 liciting conditioned stimulus rather than an unconditioned stimulus.

23 tween contextual or auditory stimuli with an unconditioned stimulus.

24 f fear after unsignaled presentations of the unconditioned stimulus.

25 stimuli and a 3-mA paraorbital shock was the unconditioned stimulus.

26 tioning with a tone CS and a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus.

27 l separates the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

28 mulus with an electric shock as the aversive unconditioned stimulus.

29 (CS+/CS-) and an aversive alarm noise as the unconditioned stimulus.

30 iative learning by pairing with a starvation unconditioned stimulus.

31 l was interposed between the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus.

32 ior to omission (extinction) of the aversive unconditioned stimulus.

33 esentations with a CS (tone or light) and an unconditioned stimulus.

34 ummatory procedure that used morphine as the unconditioned stimulus.

35 s pairing rates between a conditioned and an unconditioned stimulus.

36 ned stimulus (CS) and a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus.

37 n, head turn, etc.) learned with an aversive unconditioned stimulus.

38 ary somatosensory cortex, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus.

39 ditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairing

40 us was paired with a periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (750-ms delay paradigm).

41 us was paired with a periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (750-ms delay paradigm).

42 stimulus when it is paired directly with an unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as late

43 coincided with a change in the value of the unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as unbl

44 We use this social reward as an unconditioned stimulus and pair it with a distinct visua

45 be related to the relative intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and somatic requirements of the t

46 x stimuli to establish associations with the unconditioned stimulus, and (b) the configuration of sim

47 s repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, and the expression of previously

48 Thus, specific features of the unconditioned stimulus appear to be encoded in the amygd

49 Although the CS and unconditioned stimulus are contiguous, this very long de

50 so suggest an early dopamine response to the unconditioned stimulus as training continues.

51 reater retention of the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association at each follow-up ses

52 e formation of specific conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association), the expression of c

53 stores memories of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UC

54 ) in subjects acquiring conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associations than in those presen

55 evious research has shown that ethanol as an unconditioned stimulus can induce a strong conditioned p

56 -conditioned stimulus with an electric shock-unconditioned stimulus causes new projection neuron syna

57 e showed that despite disliking the aversive unconditioned stimulus, children exhibited a behavioural

58 classifier that predicts the presence of an unconditioned stimulus (class identity) given a KC odor

59 sible(2)), to learn the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus contingency(3); this makes it mor

60 ial, the conditioned stimulus (tone) and the unconditioned stimulus (corneal airpuff) were presented

61 different effects of various conditioned and unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) preexposure conditions on

62 e in the measurement of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) time intervals during cla

63 Phase 1 entailed conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS1-US) pairings.

64 esentations of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus did not acquire conditioned respo

65 tone-conditioned stimulus (CS) and eye-shock unconditioned stimulus during acquisition training.

66 rons conveying the reinforcing effect of the unconditioned stimulus during associative learning to th

67 hysiological response in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus during threat acquisition.SIGNIFI

68 They show that a primary function of the unconditioned stimulus-evoked activity of BLA neurons is

69 When pups are reexposed to the unconditioned stimulus (footshock) before drug administr

70 he context and associate the context with an unconditioned stimulus (footshock).

71 either during or before the encoding of the unconditioned stimulus for CTA (i.e., malaise).

72 In delay conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (for example, an electric shock)

73 to a conditioned stimulus (click CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (glabella tap US) were studied in

74 ptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimula

75 ing their responses to either conditioned or unconditioned stimulus impairs acquisition of reward lea

76 were independent of levels of anxiety to the unconditioned stimulus, implicating associative processe

77 r, how repeated exposure to an acute painful unconditioned stimulus in a distinct context modifies pa

78 airing ACh with dopamine, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus in ganglia, decreased the excitab

79 sical conditioning modifies responding to an unconditioned stimulus in the absence of a conditioned s

80 We used amphetamine (AMPH) as the unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned place preferen

81 bility of the hormone estradiol to act as an unconditioned stimulus in the conditioned taste avoidanc

82 hat neuropeptides, not glutamate, encode the unconditioned stimulus in the parabrachial-to-amygdalar

83 response directed to the source of the food unconditioned stimulus in the same task.

84 onditioned stimulus) and the electric shock (unconditioned stimulus) in mushroom body (MB) neurons.

85 the inferior olive, a structure that conveys unconditioned stimulus information (airpuff) to the cere

86 We found that exposure to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimul

87 Dopamine receptor DopR mediates the unconditioned stimulus inputs onto MB.

88 variation in conditioned stimulus modality, unconditioned stimulus intensity, number of training tri

89 -12 Hz depending on the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals (1 s, 500 ms, 250 ms) s

90 link conditioning under conditioned stimulus?unconditioned stimulus intervals known to be optimal or

91 hip between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is essential in classical conditi

92 Climbing fibre activity elicited by an unconditioned stimulus is inhibited during the expressio

93 onship between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is represented in the brain.

94 tone is repeatedly paired with a reinforcing unconditioned stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the

95 were examined as a function of two different unconditioned stimulus locations.

96 A brain representation of the unconditioned stimulus must act as a teaching signal to

97 ing this contextual memory engram with a new unconditioned stimulus of an opposite valence.

98 vanilla odor was associated with a negative unconditioned stimulus of saline solution, cockroaches c

99 ppermint odor was associated with a positive unconditioned stimulus of sucrose solution and vanilla o

100 n, despite no evidence of compromised SCR to unconditioned stimulus or compromised declarative memory

101 associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of

102 ation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus over a stimulus-free trace interv

103 licit odor CS and to the context in which CS-unconditioned stimulus pairing took place was examined i

104 ronal activation during conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing were assessed using Fos-l

105 normal reactions to the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairings in the initial training

106 Training consisted of 2 CS-footshock unconditioned stimulus pairings.

107 g activation of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pathways in dissected brains indu

108 ring pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pathways; hence, we name it pairi

109 ctivation of a single sensory neuron) and an unconditioned stimulus (pedal nerve shock), whereas the

110 d stimulus like periorbital stimulation, the unconditioned stimulus promotes acquisition of condition

111 associative processes rather than increased unconditioned stimulus reactivity as the active mechanis

112 is, a "trace" period between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, requires awareness of the associ

113 The ability to acquire CRs with IO unconditioned stimulus signals that were blocked or seve

114 p between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus, so that synaptic plasticity and

115 e to the unconditioned stimulus initiates an unconditioned stimulus-specific reconsolidation of learn

116 in which one stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus, such as a mild footshock.

117 timulus, amyl-acetate, paired with a salient unconditioned stimulus, sucrose, for feeding.

118 r the cardiac-unconditioning response to the unconditioned stimulus, suggesting a role for the claust

119 nditioned stimuli that are predictive of the unconditioned stimulus than by conditioned stimuli that

120 nes between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus the hippocampus plays a critical

121 Using amphetamine (AMPH) as the unconditioned stimulus, the present study compared two p

122 ygdala, as they convey information about the unconditioned stimulus to lateral amygdala neurons durin

123 RF neurons transition from responding to the unconditioned stimulus to the conditioned stimulus durin

124 t excitation of Purkinje neurons (coding the unconditioned stimulus), together with a graded parallel

125 on PD 25 when nontarget conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training occurred prior to the te

126 imulus-alone and paired conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus training.

127 , in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) coterminate.

128 t study, skin conductance response (SCR) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) expectancy were measured co

129 n between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) has been learned.

130 fail to produce aversive conditioning as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) when presented in large amo

131 s (CS) is repeatedly paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

132 ditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

133 ivated when the sucrose reward was received [unconditioned stimulus (UCS)].

134 f the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA, unconditioned stimulus, UCS), animals were sensitized wi

135 r predicts delivery of a salient reinforcer (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).

136 ng (in which the conditioned stimulus CS and unconditioned stimulus US overlap and co-terminate) is i

137 Purkinje and other cells, and an electrical unconditioned stimulus (US) activating underlying white

138 us (CS +) was always paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) and another tone (CS-) was n

139 An unpleasant sound served as unconditioned stimulus (US) and pictures of neutral male

140 te conditioned stimuli (CSs) and a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) and proposed that PINT-INS p

141 d stimulus (CS) was first paired with a food unconditioned stimulus (US) and then repeatedly presente

142 auditory nerve that immediately precedes an unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the trigeminal ne

143 a conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) by at least about 100 ms for

144 avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled

145 the two tasks, the authors devalued the food unconditioned stimulus (US) by taste aversion to differe

146 lus (CS) previously paired with a grid shock unconditioned stimulus (US) can greatly enhance the earl

147 that increased processing or efficacy of the unconditioned stimulus (US) contributes to the facilitat

148 owed 250 ms later by a 100 ms air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) coterminating with it.

149 he magnitude of the neuronal response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) decreased with age.

150 tine stimulus could be diminished through an unconditioned stimulus (US) devaluation procedure.

151 onditional stimulus; CS) paired with a shock-unconditioned stimulus (US) does not emerge until postna

152 these neurons are selectively excited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning.

153 ip between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during reactivation is suffi

154 s highly lateralized to the eye to which the unconditioned stimulus (US) has been directed.

155 ory conditioned stimulus (CS) and an airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) in either a delay (Experimen

156 tal shock or a corneal airpuff served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in separate groups of sham o

157 ion of LiCl followed consumption of the food unconditioned stimulus (US) in the home cage, a procedur

158 f honey bees was used to examine the role of unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity in blocking in odo

159 In this procedure, the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US) is made contingent on condit

160 a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) is often assumed to be funda

161 ion of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is separated in time by an i

162 la lesions (unilateral vs. bilateral) across unconditioned stimulus (US) modalities (white noise vs.

163 and climbing fiber activity associated with unconditioned stimulus (US) onset.

164 m in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) overlap and coterminate.

165 Parallel to this, a novel CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairing induced stronger Fos

166 icate that forward conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings resulted in robust

167 e been widely hypothesized to be part of the unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway of odor-shock classi

168 oning, such as conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway, is important for un

169 CSs) that have a pre-existing relation to an unconditioned stimulus (US) rather than learning about a

170 In substance use disorders, drug use as unconditioned stimulus (US) reinforces drug taking.

171 c conditioned stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) results in an enhancement of

172 to provide the cerebellum with a "teaching" unconditioned stimulus (US) signal required for cerebell

173 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s

174 ditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) that are separated by a 20-s

175 stimulus (CS) followed by an air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) that coterminated with it.

176 Ss) were pictures of virtual lights, and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was an electric shock.

177 from the abducens nerve after a single shock unconditioned stimulus (US) was applied to the ipsilater

178 diated EBC deficits and the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) was explored in the current

179 odification (CRM)--changes in the NMR to the unconditioned stimulus (US) when tested in the absence o

180 ) nictitating membrane responses (NMR) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested by its

181 CeA neurons (~65%) encode the valence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) with a smaller subset of cel

182 ork has shown that pairing a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) with a tone conditioned stim

183 s following independent presentations of the unconditioned stimulus (US), after extinction.

184 ulus (CS) when it is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), an appetitive US, or a drug

185 tioned stimulus (CS) and the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and delay conditioning, in

186 s (CS) is repeatedly paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), eventually leading to the C

187 al of a learned association between a CS and unconditioned stimulus (US), rather than by devaluing th

188 (CS), light CS, and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US), rats received associative t

189 the peripheral conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), respectively, to yield norm

190 of Pavlovian conditioning using food as the unconditioned stimulus (US), some rats (sign-trackers) c

191 cally involved in the association between an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a foot shock, and a

192 rates the conditioned stimulus (CS) from the unconditioned stimulus (US), the association of which ha

193 tioned response (CR) after reexposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US)--and spontaneous recovery--t

194 ity only during the trace interval, and some unconditioned stimulus (US)-coding cells will shift in t

195 In IC, learning integrated unconditioned stimulus (US)-evoked bodily states into CS

196 ment (GPe), and this CeA-GPe circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus (US)-related information during c

197 stimulus (CS) and a corneal air puff as the unconditioned stimulus (US).

198 stimulus (CS) by pairing it with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US).

199 tion between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US).

200 ditioned stimulus (CS) and an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

201 nditioned stimulus (CS) and the onset of the unconditioned stimulus (US).

202 tap conditioned stimulus (CS) and tail shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

203 ng day, the CS was twice paired with a shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

204 conditioned stimulus (CS) and a glabella tap unconditioned stimulus (US).

205 hat was paired with a brief periocular shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

206 stimulus (CS) paired with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimulus (US).

207 stimulus (CS) paired with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimulus (US).

208 ory transmitter, the cellular signal for the unconditioned stimulus (US).

209 being associatively paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US).

210 vity to an unexpected than expected aversive unconditioned stimulus (US).

211 jection of an immunosuppressive substance as unconditioned stimulus (US).

212 ed stimulus (CS2) without the presence of an unconditioned stimulus (US).

213 the auditory CS and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US).

214 being reactivated by the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (US).

215 mulus (CS) was paired with an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

216 ulus (CS) and a unilateral periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US).

217 ts is lateralized to the eye targeted by the unconditioned stimulus (US).

218 ponsive to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US).

219 CS+) was paired with sucrose delivery [i.e., unconditioned stimulus (US)], and the other stimulus (i.

220 ry tones were paired with an aversive sound [unconditioned stimulus (US)].

221 nted just before an air puff to the eye [the unconditioned stimulus (US)].

222 that was previously paired with footshocks [unconditioned stimulus (US)].

223 0 seconds, 85 dB white noise) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, 2 seconds, 0.57 mA footshock

224 ustic conditioned (CS, tone) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US, electric shock).

225 s (CS; 14 trials per session) with a sucrose unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.2 ml per CS) in a specific

226 mulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.5 sec) separated by a sile

227 ker stimulation) from a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus (US; air puff to the eye).

228 (CS) from signals related to the subsequent unconditioned stimulus (US; an aversive electric shock).

229 onditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock).

230 us (CS+; visual stimulus) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US; electric-shock).

231 conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US; for example, a footshock), a

232 onditioned stimulus (CS; saccharin, SAC) and unconditioned stimulus (US; lithium chloride, LiCl).

233 ed pairings of conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US; pavlovian conditioning), and

234 timulus (CS) paired with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US; presented at 200- or 500-ms

235 he siphon (the CS+) is paired with a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US; tail shock), while a second

236 Here, we used a novel unconditioned-stimulus (US) reactivation paradigm to int

237 stimulus predictive of 10% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus [US]), but not during equally fre

238 ing behavior induced by sucrose stimulation (unconditioned stimulus [US]).

239 t predict aversive sensations at the cornea (unconditioned stimulus [US]).

240 ce of malaise (such as that induced by LiCl; unconditioned stimulus [US]).

241 ed stimulus, CS) associated with pain onset (unconditioned stimulus, US) provoke defensive responses

242 as no such effect on responding during food (unconditioned stimulus, US) responding or in the intertr

243 e response-independent presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus, US).

244 nditioned stimulus, CS) and corneal airpuff (unconditioned stimulus, US).

245 stimulus, CS) when it is paired with touch (unconditioned stimulus, US).

246 [CS]) paired with intraoral milk infusions (unconditioned stimulus, [US]) resulted in strong conditi

247 ned stimulus- (CS)-generated (orienting) and unconditioned stimulus- (US)-generated appetitively moti

248 +) that reliably predicts an aversive noise (unconditioned stimulus: US) is selectively enhanced in l

249 y reinforcing associations between outcomes (unconditioned stimulus; US) and their predictors (condit

250 then experiences the symptoms of poisoning (unconditioned stimulus; US).

251 ned stimulus was an auditory tone, while the unconditioned stimulus was a low-intensity, single or do

252 ts when a relatively intense (5 psi) airpuff unconditioned stimulus was paired with the CS.

253 CS + ) or not paired (CS-) with an aversive, unconditioned stimulus were measured, and the success of

254 nditioning (EBC) parameters, with an airpuff unconditioned stimulus, were examined in male Fischer 34

255 variable representing the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus, whereas activity in the dorsolat

256 facilitate decreases in anxiety (even to an unconditioned stimulus) while potentially promoting pair

257 oned responses that seemed to anticipate the unconditioned stimulus, while others showed extinction-r

258 that have received the same pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, yet have no predictive value.