ライフサイエンスコーパス: vapour

1 rts-per-thousand levels of atmospheric water vapour.

2 into pure (99.9%) liquid antimony and sulfur vapour.

3 ying a magmatic reservoir with vol% exsolved vapour.

4 ed inside the confined area is released as a vapour.

5 rent to greenhouse gases, most notably water vapour.

6 purpose of modulating the alkali background vapour.

7 nt repeatability in exposure to the methanol vapour.

8 l membranes and is less susceptible to water vapour.

9 c conditions, as well as for saturated argon vapour.

10 alysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic vapours.

11 lei originate from nucleation of atmospheric vapours.

12 differentiation between different gases and vapours.

13 n-3-ol (octenol) and R-(-)-carvone (carvone) vapours.

14 from monoterpenes in mixtures of atmospheric vapours.

15 ly assign enrolled patients 2:1 to segmental vapour ablation (treatment group) or standard medical ma

16 eased upper lobe segments with bronchoscopic vapour ablation led to clinical improvement.

17 tandard medical management, targeted thermal vapour ablation of more diseased segments and preservati

18 The recent discovery of water vapour absorption near Ceres and previous detection of b

19 ions of tropospheric O3 precursors and water vapour abundance determine the climate response of oxida

20 Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust s

21 ovide new estimates of impact-produced H(2)O vapour abundances for models investigating termination o

22 nditions in winter, air pollutants and water vapour accumulate in a shallow planetary boundary layer

23 rmining D, based on measuring both the water vapour adsorption isotherm of a given substance, and its

24 rated by their performances in water/organic vapour adsorption, as well as long-term ultrastability u

25 experiments, it has been shown that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation.

26 g an ultrathin nanoporous membrane in a pure vapour ambient.

27 ixing of the fluid phase to form an H2O-rich vapour and a hydrosaline phase in equilibrium with the s

28 bedo: and bulk surface conductance for water vapour and decreases aerodynamic surface temperature.

29 h it; it is a key component of all life; its vapour and droplets fill the lower atmosphere; and even

30 2O3-delta (BSCF) in the presence of both H2O vapour and electron irradiation using environmental tran

31 be the sources of the observed jets of water vapour and icy particles and to exhibit higher temperatu

32 how temporal variations of atmospheric water vapour and its isotopic composition (delta(18) OV ) infl

33 ater exists in many forms, including liquid, vapour and numerous crystalline and amorphous phases of

34 of rapeseed oil significantly reduces water vapour and oxygen permeability.

35 grees C and assessed for their colour, water vapour and oxygen transfer rate, textural, functional gr

36 isted of both solus vapers and dual users of vapour and tobacco products.

37 ation-driven ITCZ dynamics may provoke water vapour and vegetation feedbacks in northern mid-latitude

38 pers for controlling the movement of fluids, vapours and solids between complex environments.

39 es can be directly synthesized via bottom-up vapour- and liquid-phase methods.

40 itical comparison between growth pathways in vapour- and liquid-phase synthesis techniques.

41 Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than

42 In addition, water vapour around Ceres has recently been reported, possibly

43 lain most subsequent growth, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in t

44 uranium hydride powder with saturated water vapour at 25 degrees C.

45 mplete condensation of a bulk silicate Earth vapour at an ambient pressure that is higher than 10 bar

46 rger trapped atom samples can be loaded from vapour at higher pressure, after which the pressure is r

47 asmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) vapours at 10 and 100micromoll(-1) was investigated as a

48 ransmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one.

49 pectrometry (GFAAS); and for mercury by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).

50 th two spectroscopic techniques, namely cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) and a dir

51 High O(2) and water vapour barrier coating films can be prepared using food

52 sted for their mechanical, optical and water vapour barrier properties.

53 stallization and sequestration of CO(2) into vapour bubbles, producing spurious barometric estimates.

54 moisture conditions to (18) O-depleted water vapour (c. - 200 per thousand) at high relative humidity

55 te that millions of strontium atoms from the vapour can be captured in a magneto-optical trap (MOT).

56 +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as

57 d their oxidation in mixtures of atmospheric vapours can suppress both particle number and mass of se

58 ted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading t

59 eved by exposing non-vdW solids to chalcogen vapours, can be controlled using the enthalpies and vapo

60 down to 0.1 Hz in a room-temperature atomic vapour cell.

61 1) rubidium atoms contained in a macroscopic vapour cell.

62 as water (for example, a 100 per cent water vapour composition), or it could contain high-altitude c

63 technology mostly involves the conventional vapour compression cycle, but the materials used in this

64 , USA shows increases in stratospheric water vapour concentrations that cannot be fully explained by

65 n (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-

66 ticles can grow by sulfuric acid and organic vapour condensation to diameters sufficiently large to p

67 to cloud droplets under supersaturated water vapour conditions is described by classic Kohler theory.

68 As proof of concept, vapours containing approximately 1% of two chiral monote

69 studies predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidenc

70 nvergence Zone, which controls the amount of vapour contributed from each source.

71 icrobalance, saturated cocaine hydrochloride vapour could be detected.

72 ve evaluation on how the evaporating solvent vapour could prevent or disrupt water vapor condensation

73 ve shown that an active packaging, using RTO vapours, could be employed, by the citrus industry, to e

74 optical properties of metalorganic chemical vapour deposited (MOCVD) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well

75 rical specimens, with electron beam physical vapour deposited coatings, were tested with internal coo

76 conductivity mapping of large area chemical vapour deposited graphene films on sapphire, silicon dio

77 d our analysis shows that the doped chemical vapour deposited graphene has good optical properties in

78 Chemical vapour deposited graphene rather than exfoliated or epit

79 isualization of grain boundaries in chemical vapour deposited monolayer MoS2 samples with multiphoton

80 A central question in the study of vapour-deposited glasses, particularly in light of new k

81 is technique by realizing arrays of chemical-vapour-deposited graphene light emitters.

82 el considered here, structures that arise in vapour-deposited materials are statistically identical t

83 ass substrates via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) is described.

84 e through a direct aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) method.

85 g ambient pressure aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).

86 of p-doping exhibited in large area chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene field effect transistor

87 e have fabricated and characterised chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene Hall sensors with wire

88 phene-based microwave devices using Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) graphene whose sheet resistance

89 The origin of electron transfer at Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) grown monolayer graphene using a

90 Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown nanocrystalline diamond is

91 dy, we have demonstrated the use of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown-graphene to develop a high

92 Current methods of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of graphene on copper are compli

93 eview focuses on the solution based chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of main group materials with par

94 nstrate that in an oxygen-activated chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process, half-millimetre size, B

95 ificantly up-scaled the traditional chemical vapour deposition (CVD) production for NPs from mg level

96 synthesized on Pt and Cu foil using chemical vapour deposition (CVD), multilayer h-BN is still absent

97 f hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

98 atomic-layered MoS2 synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

99 um and low cost Electrostatic Spray Assisted Vapour Deposition (ESAVD) method has been used to produc

100 ymer topcoat deposited by initiated chemical vapour deposition (iCVD).

101 k investigates the compatibility of physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques with a flexible comme

102 A versatile Rotary Chemical Vapour Deposition (RCVD) technique for the in-situ synth

103 -of-the-art growth methods based on chemical vapour deposition allow the synthesis of one-centimetre-

104 at is observed in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition and at the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface, ma

105 y stable 2H phase, thus in standard chemical vapour deposition and vapour transport processes the mat

106 ther the ultra-stable glassy films formed by vapour deposition are ever equivalent to those obtained

107 s incorporated using a low-pressure chemical vapour deposition followed by the decoration of iron nan

108 Here we present a computational study of vapour deposition for a two-dimensional glass forming li

109 s (as-transferred and post-annealed chemical vapour deposition grown monolayer graphene, monolayer gr

110 lectrostatic assembly together with chemical vapour deposition growth.

111 lass films prepared by a process of physical vapour deposition have been shown to have thermodynamic

112 ectrochemistry of graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition in two-dimensional and three-dimension

113 defects in graphene synthesized by chemical vapour deposition limits its application in biosensing.

114 ike nanowires were synthesized by a chemical vapour deposition method on Si substrates treated withou

115 m enabled using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition method.

116 and chemical (atomic layer deposition, ALD) vapour deposition methods as a functional coating for la

117 e that uses millimetre-scale direct chemical vapour deposition of MoS2 followed by lithographic defin

118 nthesis of high-quality graphene by chemical vapour deposition on metallic substrates requires polish

119 eCl3 intercalated graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on Nickel, and demonstrate values as l

120 ultrasmall amounts if performed by chemical vapour deposition or advanced synthetic organic methods,

121 lied by physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition or the tip of a scanning tunnelling mi

122 rous silica as a template through a chemical vapour deposition process.

123 phene, which is primarily rooted in chemical vapour deposition production at elevated temperatures, r

124 cancy in mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapour deposition samples to molybdenum antisite in phys

125 n samples to molybdenum antisite in physical vapour deposition samples.

126 Very recently, the chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD) has shown great promis

127 th a newly developed, metal-organic chemical vapour deposition technique, and show high electrical pe

128 tures and films of this material by physical vapour deposition technique.

129 We then used vapour deposition techniques to create p-i-n junction so

130 Graphene films grown by vapour deposition tend to be polycrystalline due to the

131 layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) nanost

132 rt the synthesis, by laser-assisted chemical vapour deposition(5), of centimetre-scale, free-standing

133 trapyrroles with metals supplied by physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition or the tip

134 reduction compared to conventional chemical vapour deposition, CVD, synthesis.

135 ges over conventional materials deposited by vapour deposition, enabling a path to highly scaled elec

136 hniques such as liquid exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition, mechanical exfoliation, hydrothermal

137 pproach, using graphene obtained by chemical vapour deposition, which allows a proton-deuteron separa

138 apsulated layered Bi2O2Se, grown by chemical vapour deposition, which demonstrate excellent air stabi

139 ent conditions, via plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition.

140 ophene (DFH-4T), can be easily fabricated by vapour deposition.

141 eter scale domains within 80 min by chemical vapour deposition.

142 eteroepitaxially using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition.

143 echanical exfoliation, physical and chemical vapour deposition.

144 ll structure grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition.

145 graphene nanoribbons on Ge(001) via chemical vapour deposition.

146 to those of boron nitride grown by chemical vapour deposition.

147 The RTO vapours did not affect the main quality parameters of th

148 ation (LLPS) conditions by both sitting-drop vapour diffusion and batch methods.

149 eoretical modelling, we show how to maximize vapour diffusion fluxat the apex of convex millimetric b

150 s falls is best explained by grain growth by vapour diffusion in ice-rich layers, or by sintering.

151 The presence of both vapours does not lead to the synthesis of alloyed nanocr

152 fabrication of sensors for exhaust gases and vapours due to high selectivity and sensitivity.

153 dients and that they move in response to the vapour emitted by neighbouring droplets.

154 hanism for the oxidation of uranium in water vapour environments where the transport of hydroxyl spec

155 ation between liquid and vapour, followed by vapour escape during accretionary growth of planetesimal

156 ass' avocado fruit treated with MeJA or MeSA vapours, especially at 100mumoll(-1).

157 activity and polyphenols were quantified in vapour-extracted juice of nine Austrian, partially endem

158 uncoated (control) silicon MRR, for the same vapour flow rate.

159 r, isotopic fractionation between liquid and vapour, followed by vapour escape during accretionary gr

160 m encapsulated in grout was exposed to water vapour for extended periods of time.

161 These vapours form at significant mass yield in the gas phase

162 equency eastward-propagating anomalous water vapour from upstream to the TP that influences precipita

163 and controlled emission of strontium atomic vapours from bulk strontium oxide irradiated by a simple

164 ospheric oxidation of low-volatility organic vapours from the mined oil sands material is directly re

165 porosity (or diffusive conductance to water vapour g(s) ) and CO(2) assimilation rate (A) applies to

166 SunBOTs can, in principle, be used in solar vapour generation devices, as it achieves up to a 400% s

167 sh samples using the accepted method of cold vapour generation.

168 ticles over continents, whereas iodine oxide vapours have been implicated in particle formation over

169 volve sulfuric acid, organic or iodine oxide vapours have yet to be reported.

170 tmospheric gas molecules, particularly water vapour, have been proposed as a coolant; however, becaus

171 as to determine the influence of postharvest vapour heat treatment (VHT) on qualitative and quantitat

172 thus further depressing of aerosol and water vapour in a very shallow PBL.

173 Cavitation, the nucleation of vapour in liquids, is ubiquitous in fluid dynamics, and

174 istribution of gases such as ozone and water vapour in the stratosphere - which affect surface climat

175 pristine conditions but also quantify these vapours in mixtures, and when blended with a variable mo

176 rs that not only selectively detect separate vapours in pristine conditions but also quantify these v

177 osol particles from highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid in a large chamb

178 ew particle formation (NPF) from condensable vapours in the free troposphere has been suggested to co

179 ditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic parti

180 The bubbles contain the sulfur-bearing vapour injected into the atmosphere during eruptions.

181 Variable vapour input leads to differences in H(2) concentration

182 een 8.7 x 10(13) to 5.0 x 10(15) kg of H(2)O vapour instantaneously into the atmosphere.

183 ass transfer coefficients through a liquid - vapour interface and evaporation rate.

184 of reactions occurring at the aqueous phase-vapour interface compared with the bulk aqueous phase.He

185 e molecular gas dynamics close to the liquid-vapour interface dominates the overall transport.

186 ectly heat high-salinity brines at the water/vapour interface of the membrane distillation element, a

187 nd establish its propensity for the solution-vapour interface.

188 lecules from the droplet bulk to the droplet-vapour interface.

189 on of heavy haze: (1) the dispersal of water vapour is constrained by the shallow PBL, leading to an

190 Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce

191 Although water vapour is the main species observed in the coma of comet

192 The nucleation of atmospheric vapours is an important source of new aerosol particles

193 The nucleation of sulfuric acid and organic vapours is thought to be responsible for the formation o

194 Leidenfrost effect in which drops hover on a vapour layer.

195 bsorption to variations in atmospheric water vapour, leading to an underestimation in the shortwave a

196 self-amplification mechanism in which water vapour leads to a trapping and massive increase of parti

197 Nanowire growth by the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) process enables a high level o

198 In vapour-liquid-solid growth, nanowires of germanium(II) s

199 conventional Au catalysts, when used during vapour-liquid-solid growth.

200 owth of the nanowires was in accordance with vapour-liquid-solid mechanism, followed by Ostwald ripen

201 tructures during Bi-rich growth, through the vapour-liquid-solid mechanism.

202 ies, can be grown by self-assembly using the vapour-liquid-solid process.

203 er of the substrate (and oxygen) between the vapour-liquid-solid tri-phase system and to the surface

204 e of substantial (about 40 per cent by mass) vapour loss from growing planetesimals by this mechanism

205 nction (the point at which solid, liquid and vapour meet) and the nucleation site of each new layer o

206 drules in CB chondrites probably formed in a vapour-melt plume produced by a hypervelocity impact wit

207 is indicated by a maximum increase in water vapour mixing ratios of 2 mmol mol(-1) .

208 e associated with the formation of a dynamic vapour nanobubble around the spaser that leads to giant

209 ver continents are influenced by atmospheric vapours of anthropogenic origin (for example, ref.

210 th is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concen

211 fferent organic solvents as their respective vapours or when the solid forms are subject to grinding.

212 ing the hydride as originating via the water vapour oxidation mechanism.

213 of zeolites and MOFs in the sensing of water vapour, oxygen, NOx, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide,

214 grease barrier properties and reduced water vapour permeability (WVP) after the addition of cellulos

215 osan-fish gelatin matrix decreased the water vapour permeability by more than 30%.

216 The percentage of elongation and the water vapour permeability increased while tensile strength, Yo

217 The vapour permeability is weakly affected by irradiation.

218 n of epicatechin was found to increase water vapour permeability significantly to 2.3 g mm/m(2)h kPa

219 for SPI alone whereas rutin decreased water vapour permeability to 1.2 g mm/m(2)h kPa.

220 ased with citral incorporation but the water vapour permeability was not affected by either citral or

221 The water vapour permeability was similar to that of the control f

222 membranes (e.g. O2 and CO2 diffusion, water vapour permeability), which is a key parameter to manage

223 phology (TEM), hygroscopic properties (water vapour permeability, hydrophobicity, sorption isotherms)

224 The novel hBN-SSWC provides superior vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, electrical in

225 In this work, a "bio-electronic nose" for vapour phase detection of odorant molecules based on sur

226 minerals yields H(2) that partition into the vapour phase during decompressional boiling of ascending

227 foliated flakes WS2 and MoS2 by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy.

228 omplete silanisation of the substrate in the vapour phase followed by site-selective oxygen plasma tr

229 l route for discriminating between different vapour phase VOCs.

230 n micro-ring resonator (GOMRR) to a range of vapour phase Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is report

231 f detecting drugs of abuse in solution or in vapour phase was investigated.

232 organic compounds that were released in the vapour phase, but no significant difference in the sodiu

233 f water/TiO2 interfaces involve water in the vapour phase.

234 ed graphene, intermediate seed materials and vapour-phase deposition at high temperature(,) have only

235 e preparation of NHC films in solution or by vapour-phase deposition from the solid state.

236 The ability to prepare these films by vapour-phase deposition permitted the analysis of the fi

237 The ease of vapour-phase deposition, applicability to high-resolutio

238 umper (SJ) area of YNP that are sourced with vapour-phase gas and with the most H(2) in YNP were exam

239 communities inhabiting springs sourced with vapour-phase gas.

240 sing techniques such as exfoliation(1-3) and vapour-phase growth(4,5), it is still challenging to obt

241 eterostructures by in situ modulation of the vapour-phase reactants during growth of these two-dimens

242 Here, we report a straightforward, vapour-phase-transport strategy for the transformation o

243 ents in Beijing shows that atmospheric water vapour plays a critical role in enhancing the heavy haze

244 rmed ionic bond is stable up to 5 Torr water vapour pressure as shown by APXPS.

245 on temperature (mGDD(0) ) and decreased with vapour pressure deficit (mVPD(0) ) and soil pH.

246 ored at 5 degrees C, in either a low or high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) environment, to determine

247 respiration (RE) were primarily affected by vapour pressure deficit (VPD).

248 titative dependencies of chi on temperature, vapour pressure deficit and elevation; and that these sa

249 o maintain a stable ci/ca ratio because both vapour pressure deficit and temperature were decreased u

250 Abiotic variables (air temperature, vapour pressure deficit and UV-B radiation) were recorde

251 ability and of the increased temperature and vapour pressure deficit caused by land-atmosphere intera

252 and showed a temporal pattern independent of vapour pressure deficit or temperature, because of endog

253 of chi predicted from growth temperature and vapour pressure deficit were closely correlated to ratio

254 ptimal chi as a function of air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, c(a) and atmospheric pressure.

255 Specifically, high vapour pressure deficit, high solar radiation, and low p

256 Light quantity and quality, vapour pressure deficit, soil water content, and CO2 con

257 -d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strong

258 alized our measures of WUE across a range of vapour pressure deficits using g(1) , which is a paramet

259 The vapour pressure, the molecular weight, the Odor Activity

260 cally and thermally stable solvents with low vapour pressure.

261 ors such as ultraviolet light, oxygen, water vapour, pressure and heat.

262 , can be controlled using the enthalpies and vapour pressures of the reaction products.

263 n high-temperature applications at low water vapour pressures where the zeolite framework is generall

264 deposited through a low temperature chemical vapour process.

265 Exposure to deuterated water vapour produced an equivalent deuteride signal at the me

266 hermodynamic cycle, most famously the liquid-vapour Rankine cycle used for steam engines.

267 zed water-ice grains are the usual result of vapour recondensation in ice-free layers, the occurrence

268 ensing applications, especially for chemical vapour remote detection and future air quality monitorin

269 posure to the methanol, ethanol and propanol vapours, respectively, in the atmosphere condition.

270 If magmas are vapour-saturated before eruption, bubbles cause the magm

271 ured in the subsurface atmosphere under near vapour-saturation conditions and without significant int

272 lorimetric sensors can be tuned for numerous vapour sensing scenarios in confined areas or as individ

273 Combining vapour sensors into arrays is an accepted compromise to

274 ures/topology of MOFs and the associated gas/vapour separation performance.

275 RTO vapours significantly reduced (P <= 0.05) the percentage

276 the need for substrate pre-treatment, via a vapour-solid mechanism enabled using an aerosol-assisted

277 en by water molecules either in liquid or in vapour state.

278 ysical adsorption of halogenated hydrocarbon vapours, such as dibromomethane, the adsorption isotherm

279 Tin oxide nanorods (NRs) are vapour synthesised at relatively lower temperatures than

280 high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitud

281 ucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low vol

282 hoscopic techniques including valves, coils, vapour thermal ablation, and sclerosant agents have been

283 Use of vapour thermal energy or a sclerosant might allow focal

284 ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and

285 he extreme volume change accompanying liquid vapour transition.

286 The rate of water vapour transmission of the films decreased with citral i

287 The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of the PET film can be r

288 -air heat exchanges, modifying in turn ocean vapour transport over land and land surface temperatures

289 s in standard chemical vapour deposition and vapour transport processes the materials normally grow i

290 rown by lateral heteroepitaxy using physical vapour transport, are visible in an optical microscope a

291 association between precipitation and water vapour transport, especially for extreme events, we conc

292 Periodic condensations of water vapour very close to, or on, the surface were suggested

293 It was previously concluded that water vapour was generated in ice-rich subsurface layers with

294 h a spatially modulated profile into lithium vapour, which results in an annular region of ionization

295 Thermal atomic vapours, which present a simple and scalable resource, h

296 We efficiently generate water vapour with solar thermal conversion efficiency up to 57

297 xposed to atmospheres containing methylamine vapours with concentrations over the range 2-10 ppm at r

298 affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric

299 y driven by iodine oxoacids and iodine oxide vapours, with average oxygen-to-iodine ratios of 2.4 fou

300 e-conductive equilibrium, the required water vapour would need to be supersaturated by many orders of