ライフサイエンスコーパス: wolf

1 s (saber-toothed cats) and Canis dirus (dire wolves).

2 opogenic influence in the early life of each wolf.

3 l species richness was highest at Darwin and Wolf.

4 technology, and an ~33,000-year-old Siberian wolf.

5 ely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves.

6 of the Ivolgin mandibles were identified as wolves.

7 dogs have 2-3% higher genetic load than gray wolves.

8 overnment relaxed protections for endangered wolves.

9 nces from breed dogs, village dogs, and gray wolves.

10 arvest coincided with the breeding season of wolves.

11 using a 26-year dataset of 387 radiocollared wolves.

12 African and Eurasian golden jackals and gray wolves.

13 ing at least 15,000 y ago from Eurasian gray wolves.

14 es and her clade is basal to all living gray wolves.

15 ich are genetically more similar to Eurasian wolves.

16 mbiguous position relative to North American wolves.

17 mandibles be reliably identified as dogs or wolves?

18 ssess intermediate features between dogs and wolves.(6)(7) However, whether this morphological classi

19 We then tested how extrinsic (climate, elk/wolf abundance) and intrinsic (age) factors affected the

20 ollowing a severe winter, in years of higher wolf abundance, and with increasing age.

21 Craniofacial thylacine-wolf accelerated regions were enriched near genes involv

22 sal is considered the principal way in which wolves adjust their numbers to prey supply or compensate

23 southern islands with weaker connectivity to Wolf and even less to Darwin.

24 ield volcanoes in the Galapagos Archipelago (Wolf and Fernandina).

25 Bonduriansky's sexual antagonism theory; and Wolf and Hager's maternal-offspring coadaptation theory.

26 he form of LCDs can serve as attractants for wolves and alter wolf diet, activity, and ranging behavi

27 Wolves and bears were also attracted towards LFs, wherea

28 ored that of group-hunting predators such as wolves and chimpanzees (n = 1,382 cases), hostile takeov

29 pearances reflects that poachers killed more wolves and concealed more evidence when the government r

30 yr lineage was distinct from modern Siberian wolves and constituted a sister lineage of modern Eurasi

31 me to recalibrate the molecular timescale of wolves and dogs and find that the mutation rate is subst

32 Potential hybridization between wolves and dogs has fueled the sensitive conservation an

33 Here we tested similarly raised wolves and dogs in a cooperative string-pulling task wit

34 rged from the common ancestor of present-day wolves and dogs very close in time to the appearance of

35 d is followed by the divergence of Old World wolves and dogs, confirming that the dog was domesticate

36 However, the socioecology of wolves and dogs, with the former relying more heavily on

37 nt lineages similarly related to present-day wolves and dogs.

38 ff the lineage that gave rise to present-day wolves and dogs.

39 morphological change are largely similar in wolves and domestic dogs, but differ in two ways.

40 stituted a sister lineage of modern Eurasian wolves and domestic dogs, with an ambiguous position rel

41 cally distinct clades: Eurasian and American wolves and domestic dogs.(1) Genetic studies have sugges

42 elated to ancient Beringian and Russian gray wolves and her clade is basal to all living gray wolves.

43 ation in the frequency of encounters between wolves and individual elk, the risk of predation was not

44 hic cascade involving increased predation by wolves and other large carnivores on elk, a reduced and

45 earance, evolutionary relationships to other wolves and short life-history and ecology.

46 was nonlinear as litter size peaked at eight wolves and then declined, and litter survival increased

47 Recent studies of wolves and trout have employed thousands of markers to r

48 ent heterozygosity is higher in dogs than in wolves and, on average, dogs have 2-3% higher genetic lo

49 different species: C. anthus (African golden wolf) and C. aureus (Eurasian golden jackal).

50 differences between the northern (Darwin and Wolf) and southern (Sta.

51 cluding previously underrepresented Siberian wolves, and assessed their evolutionary relationships wi

52 o), saber-toothed cats, American lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at Ranch

53 sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying the causes an

54 hips between Pleistocene canids, present-day wolves, and dogs, we resequenced the genomes of four Ple

55 When wolves approached within 1 km, elk increased their rates

56 tiger, or thylacine, and the eutherian gray wolf are among the most widely recognized examples of co

57 s red foxes outnumber coyotes in areas where wolves are present.

58 ion capabilities of coyotes into areas where wolves are sporadically distributed or at low densities.

59 er, particularly in the area where bears and wolves are sympatric, where altitude is generally higher

60 tively hunting large carnivores, such as the wolf, are more likely transmitted by consumptive effects

61 availability or high removal rates maintain wolves at lower densities, limited inter-pack interactio

62 anization of Serengeti lions and Yellowstone wolves at the group level.

63 igrees and estimate recruitment in groups of wolves before and after harvest in Idaho, USA.

64 tors of dogs were separated from present-day wolves before the Last Glacial Maximum.

65 ape of some dog breeds with that of juvenile wolves begs the question if and how ontogenetic changes

66 ttempting to reduce the impacts of humans on wolf behavior.

67 itter survival increased rapidly up to three wolves, beyond which it increased more gradually.

68 igation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzza

69 connectivity was observed between Darwin and Wolf, but from there only intermittently to the south.

70 detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day s

71 For example, in North America, grey wolves Canis lupus are known to kill coyotes Canis latra

72 erm radiotelemetry and census data from grey wolves Canis lupus in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U

73 atal habitat helps understand why some adult wolves Canis lupus may approach human settlements more t

74 d lowest where coyotes co-occurred with grey wolves Canis lupus.

75 monstrate the feasibility of this method for wolf (Canis lupus hudsonicus) and domestic dog (Canis lu

76 The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is a widely distributed top predator

77 July 2016, a mummified carcass of an ancient wolf (Canis lupus) pup (specimen YG 648.1) was discovere

78 (Petromyzon marinus) tracked for 12 h and a wolf (Canis lupus) tracked for 1 year.

79 us, 81% loss), snow leopard (P. uncia, 38%), wolf (Canis lupus, 77%) and dhole (Cuon alpinus, 95%) fr

80 In Alaska, gray wolves (Canis lupis), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and bl

81 eder turnover in cooperatively breeding grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758).

82 ellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) responded to wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Puma concolor), and fo

83 e-range establishment and kill rates of gray wolves (Canis lupus) are affected by the coexistence wit

84 (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowsto

85 y, recruitment and population growth of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Denali National Park and Preserv

86 odel results with field data for a system of wolves (Canis lupus) that prey on wild boar (Sus scrofa)

87 Wolves (Canis lupus) would be expected to scavenge on su

88 individual brown bears (Ursus arctos), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo).

89 We explored multiple linkages among grey wolves (Canis lupus), elk (Cervus elaphus), berry-produc

90 In wolves (Canis lupus), empirical evidence for density-dep

91 golden jackals aligned more closely to gray wolves (Canis lupus), which is surprising given the abse

92 rcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) among grey wolves (Canis lupus).

93 sfully SNP-genotyped 87%, 80% and 97% of the wolf, cat and bear samples, respectively.

94 ped to facilitate this approach (EndotorchTM Wolf Company).

95 the different actors involved and facilitate wolf conservation.

96 Canids (especially the dire wolf) consumed prey from more open environments than fel

97 Whereas wolves coordinated their actions so as to simultaneously

98 stic dogs and their closest relatives (i.e., wolves, coyotes, jackals, dingoes, and foxes).

99 ic study using ontogenetic series of dog and wolf crania, and samples of dogs with relatively ancestr

100 The introduction of wolf culls in the US actually increased poaching activit

101 anation for changing incidence among n = 513 wolves' deaths or disappearances during 12 replicated ch

102 al games confirm the existence of both 'lone wolf' defectors and 'good shepherd' cooperators, and tha

103 on their actions on others' behaviour, 'lone wolf' defectors undermine initial cooperation encouraged

104 isms are likely weak due to artificially low wolf densities.

105 USA to relate spatiotemporal variability in wolf density to underlying classifications of habitat wi

106 one National Park, we assessed the effect of wolf density, prey abundance and population structure, a

107 . that claimed that sabertooth cats and dire wolves did not compete for similar prey.

108 ditionally, cattle comprised at least 22% of wolf diet from scavenging in areas with LCDs present as

109 an serve as attractants for wolves and alter wolf diet, activity, and ranging behavior.

110 , and rather support the idea that dogs' and wolves' different social ecologies played a role in affe

111 or a distance of up to 200 km on the edge of wolf distribution, there is a transition zone where the

112 ly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exc

113 ere we provide the first genetic analysis of wolf-dog admixture in an area entirely recolonized, the

114 t trajectories, coral larvae from Darwin and Wolf drift primarily towards Malpelo and Cocos Islands,

115 For an adult wolf eating a relatively lean meat diet, a BMF(lim) (ave

116 e Washington wolves share ancestry with both wolf ecotypes, whereas the Oregon population shares ance

117 two phenotypically and genetically distinct wolf ecotypes: Northern Rocky Mountain (NRM) forest and

118 dark side' to conditional cooperation ('lone wolf effect') and draw implications for the adoption of

119 The model predicts that the 'lone wolf' effect is stronger than the 'good shepherd' effect

120 od shepherd' cooperators, and that the 'lone wolf'effect is stronger in the context of organ donation

121 In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Wolf et al (2019) report that the cristae carry a higher

122 In a recent issue of Cell, Wolf et al. (2016) report that detection of the N-acetyl

123 In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wolf et al. (2019) highlight the beneficial roles of gut

124 However, a recent study in Cell by Wolf et al. demonstrates that high intratumor heterogene

125 in genotyping noninvasive samples from grey wolves, European wildcats and brown bears, and we compar

126 that resemble those of consistently younger wolves, even in dog breeds that do not exhibit a 'juveni

127 ate of introgression (<2% accounting for all wolves ever detected over 1998-2017) parallels those fro

128 ic and con-generic populations was common in wolves' evolutionary history, and could have facilitated

129 rn human hunter-gatherers, who competed with wolves for limited prey but also domesticated them, lead

130 ry relationships with a previously genotyped wolf from Taimyr, Siberia, dated at 35 Kya.

131 draft genome sequence from a 35,000-year-old wolf from the Taimyr Peninsula in northern Siberia.

132 s since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow.

133 We use the directly dated ancient wolf genome to recalibrate the molecular timescale of wo

134 dogs and wolves, with up to 25% of Eurasian wolf genomes showing signs of dog ancestry.

135 merican lion, sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying

136 alysis to evaluate caribou, moose, bear, and wolf habitat selection and movement behaviour in respons

137 tions and a multivariate approach to compare wolf habitat selection within home ranges of wolves that

138 did not find any effect of bear presence on wolf habitat selection, in contrast with our previous st

139 a to test whether the presence or absence of wolves has caused a continent-wide shift in coyote and r

140 European wolves have a discontinuous range, with large and connec

141 All extant wolves have a surprisingly recent common ancestry and ex

142 y coyotes outnumber red foxes in areas where wolves have been extirpated by humans, whereas red foxes

143 years later and across territory where gray wolves have been historically absent and remnant red wol

144 Ecological interpretations of the wolves have generated a significant amount of debate abo

145 Since their introduction in 1995 and 1996, wolves have had effects on Yellowstone that ripple acros

146 why the northern Galapagos Islands (Darwin, Wolf) have higher coral richness and cover and also reco

147 Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medial

148 uding fibroblasts derived from patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS).

149 It is a determinant in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and is overexpressed in human m

150 n of the multiple myeloma set domain (MMSET) Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 gene, which contain

151 otein 1 (Letm1), one of the genes deleted in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, encodes a putative mitochondri

152 adjacent territories since the return of the wolf in the mid-1990s.

153 See also the editorial by Wolf in this issue.

154 hich is surprising given the absence of gray wolves in Africa and the phenotypic divergence between t

155 e three largest European populations of grey wolves in comparison with other populations worldwide, a

156 female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone.

157 Wolves in the first group are most similar to present-da

158 For gray wolves in Wisconsin, USA, we evaluated how five causes o

159 Using 13 years of data on 280 collared wolves in Yellowstone National Park, we assessed the eff

160 Hwech'in people, who named it Zhur, meaning 'wolf' in the Han language of their community.

161 Wolves, in contrast, did not hesitate to manipulate the

162 nome-wide phylogeographic patterns in modern wolves, including previously underrepresented Siberian w

163 and grizzly bears whereby, in the absence of wolves, increases in elk numbers would increase browsing

164 orously with Fresnel integrals and the Debye-Wolf integral.

165 Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and

166 The grey wolf is among the few Holarctic large carnivores that su

167 Harvest of breeding wolves is a highly contentious conservation and manageme

168 The divergence between New and Old World wolves is the earliest branching event and is followed b

169 k to carnivore species (e.g., lions, tigers, wolves) is a well-documented occurrence and the focus of

170 Moreover, marrow was poorer for wolf-killed bulls and especially for calves than it was

171 nsity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf-killed elk and vegetation openness.

172 ion (as indicated by per cent marrow fat) of wolf-killed elk varied markedly with summer plant produc

173 r prior together increased the likelihood of wolves killing a bull instead of a cow.

174 ely low elk abundance, increased the odds of wolves killing bulls relative to cows.

175 y large elk population increased the odds of wolves killing calves relative to cows, whereas low SWE

176 gnitive and behavioral mechanisms underlying wolf-killing.

177 t intensively studied groups of lichens, the wolf lichens (genus Letharia).

178 Tremella as a consistent fourth component of wolf lichens further challenges the conventional view of

179 We show that, in wolf lichens, Tremella occurs as yeast cells also in tha

180 From a large wolf-like progenitor, unparalleled diversity in phenotyp

181 nce of introgression from the archaic Taimyr wolf lineage into present-day dog breeds from northeast

182 la provided evidence of at least one extinct wolf lineage that dwelled in Siberia during the Pleistoc

183 though the four specimens represent extinct wolf lineages, they do not form a monophyletic group.

184 ds in the local group dwarf irregular galaxy Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM), which has a metallicity tha

185 ectly classifies 99.5% of the modern dog and wolf mandibles.

186 Wolves may follow the winter migration of their staple p

187 roup of breeds that is genetically closer to wolves may show different behavioral characteristics whe

188 predicted computationally using the Jameson-Wolf method.

189 mance measured by total time to complete the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) at the end of the 2 week

190 tcome was 12-month change in log-transformed Wolf Motor Function Test time score (WMFT, consisting of

191 Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity scales, Wolf Motor Function Test, Action Research Arm Test, Ten-

192 planet, but, over the course of a year, gray wolves move the most.

193 Zhur is the most complete wolf mummy known.

194 ffects of domestication, we compared captive wolves (n = 12) and dogs (n = 14) living in packs under

195 est explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of an

196 Our results suggest a continuous decline in wolf numbers in Europe since the Late Pleistocene, and l

197 mplified by the recently re-established grey wolves of the Pacific Northwest states of Washington and

198 n population shares ancestry with NRM forest wolves only.

199 We observed that wolves outperformed dogs in their ability to follow caus

200 ulling task with conspecifics and found that wolves outperformed dogs, despite comparable levels of i

201 logy of the extinct sabertooth cats and dire wolves-overturning the idea that they heavily competed f

202 tors shaping territory overlap; for example, wolf pack size was an important predictor of territory o

203 encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories.

204 We used GPS collar data from eight wolf packs and characteristics of seismic lines to inves

205 environments suitable for each ecotype, with wolf packs established in both environmental types.

206 Over 20 winters, we monitored 17 wolf packs in Yellowstone National Park and recorded the

207 high degree of anthropogenic influence, the wolf pair tended to select areas further away from human

208 When the female of the adult wolf pair was born in an area with a high degree of anth

209 areas further away from humans, compared to wolf pairs from natal territories with a low degree of a

210 rce selection functions and GPS data from 21 wolf pairs in Scandinavia.

211 vergent evolution and may underpin thylacine-wolf phenotypic similarities.

212 We found slight decreases in reported wolf poaching hazard and incidence during six liberalize

213 The wolf population in our study expanded by >1,000% during

214 However, no single wolf population is more closely related to dogs, support

215 size and survival decreased with increasing wolf population size and canine distemper outbreaks.

216 gested these groups trace their origins to a wolf population that expanded during the last glacial ma

217 hesis that dogs were derived from an extinct wolf population.

218 t selection best described this recolonizing wolf population.

219 recent divergence between dogs and worldwide wolf populations [13, 15, 17-19].

220 ons for understanding how the restoration of wolf populations across North America could potentially

221 nt mechanisms have the potential to regulate wolf populations at high ungulate densities.

222 ern Canada, where hybridization with remnant wolf populations was common.

223 to date have primarily focused on exploited wolf populations, in which density-dependent mechanisms

224 in Eastern and Western Eurasia from distinct wolf populations.

225 t-day dogs is derived from multiple regional wolf populations.

226 y influence differences in body size between wolf populations.

227 lacial maximum (LGM)(1-3) and replaced local wolf populations.(4) Moreover, ancient genomes from the

228 ival probability), individuals did not avoid wolf predation risk to the extent that would minimize mo

229 , our results suggest that climate can drive wolf predation to be more or less additive from year to

230 y involving woodland caribou subject to grey wolf predation, DeCesare et al. (2014) show that while p

231 Wolf prey composition was influenced by a complex set of

232 ce climate has a strong influence on whether wolves prey on cows (who, depending on their age, are th

233 ve acquired a more tolerant temperament than wolves, promoting cooperative interactions with humans a

234 This mummified wolf pup is important to the local Tr'ondek Hwech'in peo

235 The wolf pup mummy was recovered along a small tributary of

236 The explosive fate of massive Wolf-Rayet stars (WRSs) is a key open question in stella

237 We identify Wolf-Rayet-like wind signatures, suggesting a progenitor

238 bility and consumption by grizzly bears post-wolf reintroduction are flawed and tenuous at best.

239 grizzly bear scats to elk densities prior to wolf reintroduction during a time of increasing elk dens

240 fruit in grizzly bear scats was higher after wolf reintroduction in July (0.3% vs. 5.9%) and August (

241 For a period after wolf reintroduction, we calculated the percentage fruit

242 ems accessible to ungulates originated since wolf reintroduction, while protected serviceberry growin

243 bear diet would be greater after than before wolf reintroduction.

244 these results to scat data collected before wolf reintroduction.

245 e exclosure originated both before and after wolf reintroduction.

246 To address questions about wolf relationships to each other and dogs, we assembled

247 We used noninvasive genetic sampling at wolf rendezvous sites to construct pedigrees and estimat

248 nfluence of these different-level factors on wolf reproductive success followed individual > group >

249 heir evolutionary rates in the thylacine and wolf, revealing abundant signatures of convergent positi

250 the three replicates (except one locus in a wolf sample).

251 Wolves selected for lower altitudes in winter, particula

252 enetic analysis revealed that the Washington wolves share ancestry with both wolf ecotypes, whereas t

253 s, predicts that at least with conspecifics, wolves should cooperate better than dogs.

254 Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement sign

255 At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional resp

256 sent-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf g

257 he form of livestock carcass dumps (LCDs) on wolf space use, activity, tortuosity, and diet in portio

258 measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf-killed elk and

259 l networks were more highly connected, while wolf spatial networks varied seasonally.

260 The attack-behavior of a native wolf spider (Camptocosa parallela), a major nocturnal pr

261 The pond wolf spider (PWS, Pardosa pseudoannulata) is one of the

262 ucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata), wolf spider (Tigrosa helluo), and nursery web spider (Pi

263 igher trophic positions in plots with higher wolf spider densities.

264 m experiment to investigate how variation in wolf spider density, which is likely to change as a func

265 We observed no changes in wolf spider feeding ecology in association with short-te

266 catecholaminergic neurons in the CNS of the wolf spider Hogna lenta (Lycosidae) and the jumping spid

267 tructure and feeding ecology of the dominant wolf spider species Pardosa lapponica at two tundra site

268 were analyzed for Ce content or were fed to wolf spiders (family Lycosidae).

269 Given the widespread distribution of wolf spiders in arctic ecosystems, body size shifts in t

270 results suggest that body size variation in wolf spiders is associated with variation in intraspecif

271 atively associated with female size and that wolf spiders occupied higher trophic positions where adu

272 , beetle feeding increased with temperature, wolf spiders were always effective predators, nursery we

273 Cucumber beetles and wolf spiders were equally heat tolerant (CTM50 > 40 degr

274 In particular, wolf spiders, one of the most abundant arctic invertebra

275 ecific aggression is a major driver of adult wolf survival in northern Yellowstone, suggesting intrin

276 oser similarity of the Taimyr wolf to modern wolves than dogs, implying complex post-divergence relat

277 t for driving territory size and overlap for wolves than for lions.

278 analyzed two recovery plans for the Mexican wolf that were developed using similar data and methods

279 hree well-studied populations of extant gray wolves that differed in prey:predator ratio and levels o

280 wolf habitat selection within home ranges of wolves that were either sympatric or allopatric with bea

281 Dogs have influenced the recent history of wolves through admixture and vice versa, potentially enh

282 l debate underlying the recovery of the grey wolf throughout Europe.

283 ds indicated closer similarity of the Taimyr wolf to modern wolves than dogs, implying complex post-d

284 results suggest that a trophic cascade from wolves to elk to berry production to berry consumption b

285 ene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs.

286 opulation of C. subcristatus are syntopic on Wolf Volcano (Isabela Island, Galapagos).

287 femoral gland exudate from adults caught on Wolf Volcano.

288 ave been historically absent and remnant red wolves were extirpated in the 1970s.

289 death and disappearances of monitored, adult wolves were influenced by policy changes.

290 After wolves were reintroduced and with a reduced elk populati

291 We demonstrate that lions and wolves were similar in that group-level factors, such as

292 ith the two previously sequenced Pleistocene wolves, which are genetically more similar to Eurasian w

293 everity, moose density and ratio of moose to wolves, which is an index of predation risk.

294 tant blood-seeking predators, Stable fly and Wolf, while evoking avoidance responses in the prey spec

295 We identified the natal territory of each wolf with genetic parental assignment, and we used human

296 We fitted 19 wolves with global positioning system collars during May

297 Wolves with LCDs within their home ranges used areas adj

298 a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domesti

299 e found extensive admixture between dogs and wolves, with up to 25% of Eurasian wolf genomes showing

300 sent as compared to no cattle in the diet of wolves without access to LCDs.

301 ased home ranges and activity as compared to wolves without LCDs in their home ranges.