ライフサイエンスコーパス: wolves

1 nonhuman primates (including chimpanzees) or wolves .

2 s (saber-toothed cats) and Canis dirus (dire wolves).

3 e cougar kills; insufficient sample size for wolves).

4 dogs have 2-3% higher genetic load than gray wolves.

5 nces from breed dogs, village dogs, and gray wolves.

6 arvest coincided with the breeding season of wolves.

7 using a 26-year dataset of 387 radiocollared wolves.

8 African and Eurasian golden jackals and gray wolves.

9 overnment relaxed protections for endangered wolves.

10 ing at least 15,000 y ago from Eurasian gray wolves.

11 n 1,375 dogs (representing 35 breeds) and 19 wolves.

12 n the presence of larger carnivores, such as wolves.

13 heory and data from the study of Yellowstone wolves.

14 ell as diet and feeding behavior, of ancient wolves.

15 l samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves.

16 monophyletic clade sharing no sequences with wolves.

17 that most were far smaller than Pleistocene wolves.

18 usic), from songbirds, to whales, to howling wolves.

19 opulation growth and hunting-particularly of wolves.

20 omestication process or admixture from local wolves.

21 for widespread colour variation in dogs and wolves.

22 ve traits and limited the introgression from wolves.

23 or above, hypercarnivores, such as lions and wolves.

24 g, presumably through increased detection of wolves.

25 ely), outweighing the suppressive effects of wolves.

26 were more diverse than those of Pleistocene wolves.

27 ential role in cognitive behavior in Iberian wolves.

28 of this many affective facial expressions in wolves.

29 es and her clade is basal to all living gray wolves.

30 ich are genetically more similar to Eurasian wolves.

31 mbiguous position relative to North American wolves.

32 ely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves.

33 of the Ivolgin mandibles were identified as wolves.

34 mandibles be reliably identified as dogs or wolves?

35 composed primarily of carrion subsidized by wolves (0.62 +/- 0.04).

36 human-wolf conflict from ostensibly fearless wolves(1)(,)(5)(,)(6) to human food subsidies better exp

37 ssess intermediate features between dogs and wolves.(6)(7) However, whether this morphological classi

38 sal is considered the principal way in which wolves adjust their numbers to prey supply or compensate

39 eroprevalence of all infections increased as wolves aged, and denser wolf populations had a greater r

40 sts with the social monogamy typical of gray wolves and all other wild canids.

41 he form of LCDs can serve as attractants for wolves and alter wolf diet, activity, and ranging behavi

42 Wolves and bears were also attracted towards LFs, wherea

43 ored that of group-hunting predators such as wolves and chimpanzees (n = 1,382 cases), hostile takeov

44 pearances reflects that poachers killed more wolves and concealed more evidence when the government r

45 yr lineage was distinct from modern Siberian wolves and constituted a sister lineage of modern Eurasi

46 Restoring regionally extirpated wolves and cougars had limited acceptance (< 30%) but wa

47 ct hierarchical population units within gray wolves and coyotes that correspond with geographic and e

48 e highly admixed varieties derived from gray wolves and coyotes, respectively.

49 originated from a substantial number of gray wolves and dog breeds define distinct genetic units that

50 me to recalibrate the molecular timescale of wolves and dogs and find that the mutation rate is subst

51 Potential hybridization between wolves and dogs has fueled the sensitive conservation an

52 Here we tested similarly raised wolves and dogs in a cooperative string-pulling task wit

53 rged from the common ancestor of present-day wolves and dogs very close in time to the appearance of

54 d is followed by the divergence of Old World wolves and dogs, confirming that the dog was domesticate

55 However, the socioecology of wolves and dogs, with the former relying more heavily on

56 nt lineages similarly related to present-day wolves and dogs.

57 ages indicated episodes of admixture between wolves and dogs.

58 ff the lineage that gave rise to present-day wolves and dogs.

59 morphological change are largely similar in wolves and domestic dogs, but differ in two ways.

60 stituted a sister lineage of modern Eurasian wolves and domestic dogs, with an ambiguous position rel

61 cally distinct clades: Eurasian and American wolves and domestic dogs.(1) Genetic studies have sugges

62 re is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes.

63 ts of wolf hunting on livestock predation by wolves and government removal of wolves in the same year

64 elated to ancient Beringian and Russian gray wolves and her clade is basal to all living gray wolves.

65 ation in the frequency of encounters between wolves and individual elk, the risk of predation was not

66 hic cascade involving increased predation by wolves and other large carnivores on elk, a reduced and

67 g is by far the highest mortality hazard for wolves and reinforces the need for protections and polic

68 5)(,)(6)(,)(10)(,)(25) yet fear of humans in wolves and resulting community impacts remain experiment

69 earance, evolutionary relationships to other wolves and short life-history and ecology.

70 lation genetic data from North American gray wolves and show it performs favorably in comparison to E

71 f these patterns is shared with Arctic white wolves and that its hair cycle-specific module probably

72 lf (Canis lupus), by simultaneously tracking wolves and the behaviour, body fat, and pregnancy of elk

73 erimentally verify that fear of humans traps wolves and their prey in the dark,(1)(,)(29)(,)(30) thus

74 was nonlinear as litter size peaked at eight wolves and then declined, and litter survival increased

75 Recent studies of wolves and trout have employed thousands of markers to r

76 ent heterozygosity is higher in dogs than in wolves and, on average, dogs have 2-3% higher genetic lo

77 alyses of mitochondrial sequences from dogs, wolves, and a geographically diverse collection of CTVT

78 cluding previously underrepresented Siberian wolves, and assessed their evolutionary relationships wi

79 o), saber-toothed cats, American lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at Ranch

80 sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying the causes an

81 hips between Pleistocene canids, present-day wolves, and dogs, we resequenced the genomes of four Ple

82 1611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves, and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation

83 e coyote, Canis latrans, and in Italian gray wolves, and hence our results demonstrate how traits sel

84 isons were made between similar studies with wolves, and inferences were drawn about the relationship

85 ses, resulting in fewer losses of livestock, wolves, and leopards, as these two carnivore species are

86 D and ROH, relative to both village dogs and wolves, and we use these patterns to show that breed dog

87 When wolves approached within 1 km, elk increased their rates

88 Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and w

89 Remarkably, the Late Pleistocene wolves are genetically unique and morphologically distin

90 When wolves are present, elk alter their grouping patterns, v

91 s red foxes outnumber coyotes in areas where wolves are present.

92 ion capabilities of coyotes into areas where wolves are sporadically distributed or at low densities.

93 er, particularly in the area where bears and wolves are sympatric, where altitude is generally higher

94 or dogs with coverage as low as 0.5x and for wolves as low as 1.0x.

95 trol region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic

96 availability or high removal rates maintain wolves at lower densities, limited inter-pack interactio

97 (20)(,)(21)(,)(22)(,)(23)(,)(24) Humans kill wolves at particularly high rates,(1)(,)(3)(,)(5)(,)(6)(

98 anization of Serengeti lions and Yellowstone wolves at the group level.

99 ates, that while support for the recovery of wolves, bears and lynx remains strong, most respondents

100 igrees and estimate recruitment in groups of wolves before and after harvest in Idaho, USA.

101 tors of dogs were separated from present-day wolves before the Last Glacial Maximum.

102 nid body size nearly vanished in Pleistocene wolves, before its recent resurgence resulting from huma

103 ape of some dog breeds with that of juvenile wolves begs the question if and how ontogenetic changes

104 itter survival increased rapidly up to three wolves, beyond which it increased more gradually.

105 igation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzza

106 election during and after domestication from wolves but important gaps remain in understanding how th

107 detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day s

108 e is most likely being maintained in Iberian wolves by selection.

109 Contrary to humans, wolves can thrive on lean meat for months.

110 ors with contrasting hunting modes-cursorial wolves Canis lupus and vertical-ambushing, stalking snow

111 For example, in North America, grey wolves Canis lupus are known to kill coyotes Canis latra

112 Using grey wolves Canis lupus in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA as a st

113 erm radiotelemetry and census data from grey wolves Canis lupus in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U

114 iation in prey composition and kill rate for wolves Canis lupus living on the Northern Range (NR) of

115 atal habitat helps understand why some adult wolves Canis lupus may approach human settlements more t

116 d lowest where coyotes co-occurred with grey wolves Canis lupus.

117 size and group size/composition in Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, u

118 In Alaska, gray wolves (Canis lupis), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and bl

119 eder turnover in cooperatively breeding grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758).

120 The cline in frequency of black-coated wolves (Canis lupus) across North America is hypothesize

121 Using concurrent GPS data from 19 gray wolves (Canis lupus) and 99 elk (Cervus canadensis) from

122 ellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) responded to wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Puma concolor), and fo

123 easured postcranial skeletal morphologies of wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) from Pleis

124 e-range establishment and kill rates of gray wolves (Canis lupus) are affected by the coexistence wit

125 Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and wolves (Canis lupus) are two apex predators with strong

126 (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowsto

127 context between dogs (Canis familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus) has led some researchers to conclud

128 the National Parks Service translocated gray wolves (Canis lupus) in 2018-2019 and we expected the re

129 y, recruitment and population growth of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Denali National Park and Preserv

130 ctuation of unique alleles in groups of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA, during 2008-2020.

131 e 14 years of data from a long-term study of wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park, USA,

132 at use for 732 moose (Alces alces) killed by wolves (Canis lupus) over a 50-year period in Isle Royal

133 odel results with field data for a system of wolves (Canis lupus) that prey on wild boar (Sus scrofa)

134 Wolves (Canis lupus) would be expected to scavenge on su

135 individual brown bears (Ursus arctos), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo).

136 We explored multiple linkages among grey wolves (Canis lupus), elk (Cervus elaphus), berry-produc

137 In wolves (Canis lupus), empirical evidence for density-dep

138 For Wisconsin gray wolves (Canis lupus), periods of increased risk in overa

139 For social species like gray wolves (Canis lupus), the death of pack members can disr

140 golden jackals aligned more closely to gray wolves (Canis lupus), which is surprising given the abse

141 rcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) among grey wolves (Canis lupus).

142 , vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (Canis lupus).

143 ris) are the domestically bred descendant of wolves (Canis lupus).

144 gars (Puma concolor; stalking predators) and wolves (Canis lupus; coursing predators).

145 mates with above average heterozygosity and wolves chose mates randomly with respect to genetic rela

146 om 390 wolf scats and telemetry data from 13 wolves confirmed island fidelity constituting one of the

147 creating a "landscape of fear." It suggests wolves control economic damages from overabundant deer i

148 Whereas wolves coordinated their actions so as to simultaneously

149 of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and coloni

150 stic dogs and their closest relatives (i.e., wolves, coyotes, jackals, dingoes, and foxes).

151 anation for changing incidence among n = 513 wolves' deaths or disappearances during 12 replicated ch

152 elanistic K locus mutation in North American wolves derives from past hybridization with domestic dog

153 . that claimed that sabertooth cats and dire wolves did not compete for similar prey.

154 , and rather support the idea that dogs' and wolves' different social ecologies played a role in affe

155 Nevertheless, wolves disappeared from northern North America in the La

156 ly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exc

157 Large canids (wolves, dogs, and coyote) and people form a close relati

158 ng between humans and incipient domesticated wolves/dogs.

159 olution, and mortality of breeding adults or wolves during reproduction and pup-rearing can decrease

160 through interactions between people and gray wolves during the Late Pleistocene and have been ubiquit

161 ional area estimated to be most suitable for wolves during winter (threshold = maximum sensitivity/sp

162 table isotopes from archaic Falkland Islands wolves (Dusicyon australis) indicate a high trophic, mar

163 ctic.(4)(,)(5)(,)(6)(,)(7) By contrast, most wolves elsewhere are highly territorial and thought to b

164 The diverse strategies wolves employ to track migratory prey highlight how the

165 in genotyping noninvasive samples from grey wolves, European wildcats and brown bears, and we compar

166 that resemble those of consistently younger wolves, even in dog breeds that do not exhibit a 'juveni

167 ate of introgression (<2% accounting for all wolves ever detected over 1998-2017) parallels those fro

168 ic and con-generic populations was common in wolves' evolutionary history, and could have facilitated

169 This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancesto

170 humans are present is invoked as indicating wolves fear humans,(27)(,)(28)(,)(29) but alternative in

171 )(30) thus corroborating the universality of wolves' fear of humans,(28) and thereby help re-focus th

172 which became an abundant marine subsidy for wolves following population recovery.

173 hoods and lead government agencies to target wolves for lethal removal.

174 rn human hunter-gatherers, who competed with wolves for limited prey but also domesticated them, lead

175 ce of genetic diversity for dogs rather than wolves from east Asia, as suggested by mitochondrial DNA

176 num and T. gondii; the opposite was true for wolves from the central Rocky Mountains.

177 ad, clustered study areas were more similar: wolves from the Great Lakes region had lower odds of exp

178 ion of multi-locus haplotypes unique to grey wolves from the Middle East, indicating that they are a

179 merican lion, sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying

180 ng 2012-2014, with 56-74% of packs having no wolves harvested each year.

181 a to test whether the presence or absence of wolves has caused a continent-wide shift in coyote and r

182 Finally, although hybridization with wolves has led to genome-wide increases in heterozygosit

183 European wolves have a discontinuous range, with large and connec

184 All extant wolves have a surprisingly recent common ancestry and ex

185 y coyotes outnumber red foxes in areas where wolves have been extirpated by humans, whereas red foxes

186 years later and across territory where gray wolves have been historically absent and remnant red wol

187 Ecological interpretations of the wolves have generated a significant amount of debate abo

188 Since their introduction in 1995 and 1996, wolves have had effects on Yellowstone that ripple acros

189 d 14,034 insertions greater than 50 bp, with wolves having 14% more variants.

190 hunt other large mammals (hunting) affected wolves' hazard of cause-specific mortality and disappear

191 hich is surprising given the absence of gray wolves in Africa and the phenotypic divergence between t

192 e three largest European populations of grey wolves in comparison with other populations worldwide, a

193 e mothers who lost juveniles to recolonizing wolves in North America's Yellowstone region developed h

194 female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone.

195 Wolves in the first group are most similar to present-da

196 osity) remained high in a population of gray wolves in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S. > 20 years aft

197 redation by wolves and government removal of wolves in the same year and with a 1-year time lag while

198 e, and the ability of human groups to manage wolves in their communities during early stages of domes

199 nalyzed monitoring data from adult, collared wolves in Wisconsin, USA using a competing-risk approach

200 For gray wolves in Wisconsin, USA, we evaluated how five causes o

201 Using 13 years of data on 280 collared wolves in Yellowstone National Park, we assessed the eff

202 sed, following the 1995-96 reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park.

203 term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predicta

204 Wolves, in contrast, did not hesitate to manipulate the

205 nome-wide phylogeographic patterns in modern wolves, including previously underrepresented Siberian w

206 and grizzly bears whereby, in the absence of wolves, increases in elk numbers would increase browsing

207 alistic, predation pressure from cougars and wolves independently, predators may decrease CWD outbrea

208 Like other wolves, Indian wolves produce howls that can be detected

209 Together, these data suggest that wolves indirectly affect the reproductive physiology and

210 Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and

211 Harvest of breeding wolves is a highly contentious conservation and manageme

212 Its physical resemblance to eutherian wolves is a striking example of evolutionary convergence

213 The divergence between New and Old World wolves is the earliest branching event and is followed b

214 k to carnivore species (e.g., lions, tigers, wolves) is a well-documented occurrence and the focus of

215 Although we know that dogs evolved from wolves, it remains unclear how domestication affected do

216 r prior together increased the likelihood of wolves killing a bull instead of a cow.

217 ely low elk abundance, increased the odds of wolves killing bulls relative to cows.

218 y large elk population increased the odds of wolves killing calves relative to cows, whereas low SWE

219 By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from bo

220 selection between resident and non-resident wolves may be due to similarity in environmental conditi

221 Wolves may follow the winter migration of their staple p

222 roup of breeds that is genetically closer to wolves may show different behavioral characteristics whe

223 Alternatively, non-resident wolves may travel through occupied territories because h

224 rom an extinct canid that diverged from grey wolves more than 2 million years ago.

225 planet, but, over the course of a year, gray wolves move the most.

226 ffects of domestication, we compared captive wolves (n = 12) and dogs (n = 14) living in packs under

227 est explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of an

228 Capture-Mark-Recapture and track individual wolves non-invasively by their howls.

229 ear most closely related to Late Pleistocene wolves of Eurasia.

230 mplified by the recently re-established grey wolves of the Pacific Northwest states of Washington and

231 aptive introgression from domestic dogs into wolves, offering new insights into wild canids' adaptati

232 fficulties in distinguishing early dogs from wolves on the basis of skeletal morphology.

233 n population shares ancestry with NRM forest wolves only.

234 n dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes.

235 We observed that wolves outperformed dogs in their ability to follow caus

236 ulling task with conspecifics and found that wolves outperformed dogs, despite comparable levels of i

237 bsence on morphological change in coyotes or wolves over long periods of time.

238 logy of the extinct sabertooth cats and dire wolves-overturning the idea that they heavily competed f

239 example, where prey were readily available, wolves preferentially killed animals far from motorized

240 ce climate has a strong influence on whether wolves prey on cows (who, depending on their age, are th

241 tributions from multiple populations of gray wolves probably through backcrossing.

242 Like other wolves, Indian wolves produce howls that can be detected over distances

243 ve acquired a more tolerant temperament than wolves, promoting cooperative interactions with humans a

244 n is due to a behavioral response of deer to wolves rather than through a deer population decline fro

245 ulation related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication p

246 (,)(17)(,)(18) but little is known about how wolves respond to such varied behaviors.

247 However, wolves responded less strongly to humans, if at all, whe

248 food subsidies better explaining why fearful wolves risk encounters with the human "super predator."(

249 Although dogs and wolves segregate decisively at the nuclear level, no ind

250 Wolves selected for lower altitudes in winter, particula

251 enetic analysis revealed that the Washington wolves share ancestry with both wolf ecotypes, whereas t

252 Our results suggest that wolves shifted their habitat selection to increase encou

253 s, predicts that at least with conspecifics, wolves should cooperate better than dogs.

254 Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement sign

255 Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable diversity and supported the h

256 At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional resp

257 sent-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf g

258 This has potential for studies of wolves' territory use, pack composition, and reproductiv

259 oser similarity of the Taimyr wolf to modern wolves than dogs, implying complex post-divergence relat

260 r surplus predation incident was greater for wolves than for leopards and that surplus predations by

261 t for driving territory size and overlap for wolves than for lions.

262 hree well-studied populations of extant gray wolves that differed in prey:predator ratio and levels o

263 migratory coupling,(1) has been observed in wolves that track migratory caribou in the Arctic.(4)(,)

264 wolf habitat selection within home ranges of wolves that were either sympatric or allopatric with bea

265 ts predict nine distinct affective states in wolves; the first assessment of this many affective faci

266 Dogs have influenced the recent history of wolves through admixture and vice versa, potentially enh

267 We examined the evolution of coyotes and wolves through time from the late Pleistocene, during wh

268 anges in the average environment will affect wolves to a greater extent than changes in how variable

269 results suggest that a trophic cascade from wolves to elk to berry production to berry consumption b

270 ranges now overlap, allowing sea otters and wolves to interact for the first time in the scientific

271 The availability of sea otters allowed wolves to persist and continue to reproduce, subsequentl

272 ene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs.

273 elk Cervus elaphus (the primary prey for NR wolves) varied among seasons.

274 ing seasons for other large mammals (hunting wolves was prohibited).

275 a sample of 20 Pleistocene eastern-Beringian wolves was shared with any modern wolf, and instead they

276 Moreover, cattle distance to GPS-collared wolves was the factor most correlated with this differen

277 reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remain

278 Our results show that Middle Eastern wolves were a critical source of genome diversity, altho

279 orphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from l

280 The last known red wolves were captured in southwestern Louisiana and easte

281 ave been historically absent and remnant red wolves were extirpated in the 1970s.

282 death and disappearances of monitored, adult wolves were influenced by policy changes.

283 23,000 y ago, possibly while both people and wolves were isolated during the harsh climate of the Las

284 By the mid-twentieth century, wolves were nearly extinct in the lower 48 states, with

285 After wolves were placed on the endangered species list in 197

286 After wolves were reintroduced and with a reduced elk populati

287 We demonstrate that lions and wolves were similar in that group-level factors, such as

288 isotopic data suggest that eastern-Beringian wolves were specialized hunters and scavengers of extinc

289 diversity and supported the hypothesis that wolves were the ancestors of dogs.

290 ith the two previously sequenced Pleistocene wolves, which are genetically more similar to Eurasian w

291 everity, moose density and ratio of moose to wolves, which is an index of predation risk.

292 so support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and

293 In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same

294 We fitted 19 wolves with global positioning system collars during May

295 Wolves with LCDs within their home ranges used areas adj

296 a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domesti

297 ave ancestry indistinguishable from Eurasian wolves, with no shared ancestry with domestic dogs of th

298 e found extensive admixture between dogs and wolves, with up to 25% of Eurasian wolf genomes showing

299 sent as compared to no cattle in the diet of wolves without access to LCDs.

300 ased home ranges and activity as compared to wolves without LCDs in their home ranges.