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1 either resist yawning or allow themselves to yawn.
2  so-called 'stress signals', lip licking and yawning.
3 in the simulation) did not affect contagious yawning.
4 ter the individual propensity for contagious yawning.
5 imately 50% of the variability in contagious yawning.
6 icating a key social component to contagious yawning.
7 ehaviors such as lower posture and increased yawning.
8  and lying down, while observing the android yawning.
9 ductions of 25% or greater were highest with YAWNS-1 (50 of 191 [26.2%]; 39 of 191 [20.4%]; total, 46
10                                              YAWNS-1 also demonstrated better uptake of CBTI techniqu
11 e, scalable, direct-to-patient intervention, YAWNS-1 substantially reduced BZRA use and improved slee
12                       The Sleepwell package (YAWNS-1) consisted of a cover letter and 2 booklets ("Ho
13  of 191 [20.4%]; total, 46.6%) compared with YAWNS-2 (38 of 187 [20.3%]; 27 of 187 [14.4%]; total, 34
14  techniques and sleep outcomes compared with YAWNS-2 (new CBTI techniques: 3.1 vs 2.4; P =.03; sleep
15                           The other package (YAWNS-2) included updated versions of the 2 booklets ("Y
16 ter the loud noise but a similar increase in yawning 20 min after was observed.
17 4%]), singing (5 of 64 patients [7.8%]), and yawning (5 of 64 patients [7.8%]).
18 sed to predict the propensity for contagious yawning across participants.
19 tions to resist yawning increase the urge to yawn and alter how yawns are expressed (i.e., full versu
20 s model was fitted to the count of number of yawn and simple mouth opening events with age and gender
21        Gender was not significant either for yawn and simple mouth openings.
22 ional accounts of spontaneous and contagious yawning and a generalized impairment in overall patterns
23 on were significant predictors of contagious yawning and accounted for approximately 50% of the varia
24  a naturalistic setting (undisturbed flock), yawning and also stretching, a related behavior, are mil
25                 Contagious behaviors such as yawning and itching/scratching have mirror-like properti
26                         Postnatal contagious yawning and laughing indicate that pseudo-imitative beha
27  have questioned the existence of contagious yawning and made assumptions about some parameters (e.g.
28  is also present in this taxon, by assessing yawning and scratching contagion in a wild group (N = 49
29 hese findings provide the first evidence for yawning and scratching contagion in a wild group of spid
30  approach, and found that the probability of yawning and scratching was higher for individuals observ
31  was higher for individuals observing others yawning and scratching, respectively, as compared to ind
32 the potential role that temporal clumping of yawning and stretching could play in both the collective
33                   In this study, we measured yawning and stretching in 4-bird groups following a nons
34 d video clips that showed another individual yawning and, in separate blocks, were instructed to eith
35 aying specific facial expressions, including yawns and gapes.
36                                     For both yawns and simple mouth openings a smooth varying age eff
37 le variation exists in the contagiousness of yawning, and numerous studies have been conducted to inv
38  displacement activities such as scratching, yawning, and self-grooming.
39                             Thus, contagious yawning appears to be a natural phenomenon in chimpanzee
40 ning increase the urge to yawn and alter how yawns are expressed (i.e., full versus stifled yawns) bu
41 of mouth opening with the potential of using yawning as an index of fetal healthy development.
42  intrinsic (i.e., sustained mouth opening or yawning) as extrinsic (e.g., dental visits, whiplash).
43 aze (MWM) over seven consecutive days, and a yawning behavioral test was also performed to test for s
44 to reach the apex of the mouth stretch, with yawns being defined as more than 50% of the total time o
45 wns are expressed (i.e., full versus stifled yawns) but do not alter the individual propensity for co
46                           This suggests that yawning by an unfamiliar model may act as a contextual c
47                    CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Yawning can be reliably distinguished from other forms o
48 pture by a predator, the temporal pattern of yawning changes.
49 e there is no developmental account of fetal yawning compared with simple mouth opening.
50 ted measures design the development of fetal yawning compared with simple mouth opening.
51 e android displayed a fully wide-open mouth (Yawn condition), a reduced response when the mouth was p
52  contagious yawning in response to videos of yawning conspecifics who were complete strangers.
53 lights the role of social factors in shaping yawn contagion and calls for further research on cross-s
54 relationship between psychopathic traits and yawn contagion in community samples.
55 ctual social presence significantly diminish yawn contagion in comparison to a control condition, ind
56 e study in which they self-reported on their yawn contagion to a video stimulus and completed four me
57 hat adult chimpanzees exhibited across-agent yawn contagion, with a graded response: the highest cont
58  previous findings in that participants that yawned contagiously tended to score lower on the combine
59                                   Contagious yawning, emotional contagion and empathy are characteriz
60 ontagiously induced behaviours, specifically yawns, even when triggered by an artificial agent.
61 ratory to determine its effect on contagious yawning frequency.
62               This study explores contagious yawning in adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the pr
63                       We observed contagious yawning in chimpanzees to confirm/disconfirm its existen
64 t social presence is a powerful deterrent of yawning in humans, which warrants further investigation.
65  showed evidence for involuntary, contagious yawning in response to videos of yawning conspecifics wh
66           Yawning was distinguished from non-yawning in terms of the length of time it took to reach
67 the effects of social presence on contagious yawning in virtual reality (VR).
68 g testing significantly inhibited contagious yawning in VR, even though participants were viewing a v
69 ly social animals following the detection of yawns in others, yet the factors influencing the propaga
70                                   Contagious yawning, in which yawning is triggered involuntarily whe
71   We demonstrate that instructions to resist yawning increase the urge to yawn and alter how yawns ar
72       Our previous experiments revealed that yawning increased in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatu
73              Neither aggressive behavior nor yawning (indicators of androgen activity) correlated wit
74 ring but seemingly innocuous events, such as yawning injury, should not be overlooked when judging pr
75 d opening (IOR = 5.4; 95% CL, 2.4-12.2), and yawning (IOR = 3.4; 95% CL, 1.6-7.3) were associated wit
76           Comparative research suggests that yawning is a thermoregulatory behavior in homeotherms.
77 variability in the propensity for contagious yawning is determined by cortical excitability and physi
78  evidence that the physiological trigger for yawning is related to increasing body temperatures rathe
79                 Contagious yawning, in which yawning is triggered involuntarily when we observe anoth
80 involuntarily when we observe another person yawn, is a common form of echophenomena-the automatic im
81 Previous research has documented that humans yawn less frequently in crowded environments and when un
82                                   Contagious yawning may be a useful measure of social psychological
83                                              Yawning may serve both social and nonsocial functions.
84                               Results of the YAWNS NB randomized clinical trial show that, as a simpl
85 Answers When Needing Sleep in New Brunswick (YAWNS NB) study was a 3-arm, pragmatic, open-label, mini
86                                The number of yawns observed declined with age from 28 weeks gestation
87                                   Contagious yawning occurs in humans and a few other highly social a
88 ss emotions such as sighs of frustration and yawns of boredom.
89                                  We recorded yawns on an all-occurrence basis from 18 captive-reared
90  event in the group) would be more likely to yawn or scratch in the following 3 min, as compared to i
91 ate blocks, were instructed to either resist yawning or allow themselves to yawn.
92 triggering event (i.e. a naturally occurring yawning or scratching event in the group) would be more
93 rticipants were videoed throughout and their yawns or stifled yawns were counted.
94 howing conspecifics such as sexual behavior, yawning, or grooming, and not as much-as is often observ
95 ep one's mouth closed when imagining someone yawning, or not feeling distressed while observing other
96 Although some research suggests that fetuses yawn, others disagree arguing that is it simple mouth op
97  presented in VR, as evidenced by contagious yawning, our results suggest a major difference in the i
98 nt on the MWM place version and increases in yawning produced by neonatal quinpirole treatment.
99     However, AM404 prevented the stereotypic yawning produced by systemic administration of a low dos
100 previously demonstrated relationship between yawning rate and temperature by providing evidence that
101  the impact of social presence on contagious yawning remains unknown.
102                                        Birds yawned significantly more during the high-increasing tem
103                               No decrease in yawning such as found after handling stress was observed
104           In the largest study of contagious yawning to date (N = 458), which included both universit
105 y function, we also related the incidence of yawning to other avian thermoregulatory behaviors in bud
106 tify the range of temperatures that triggers yawning to rule out the possible effect of changing temp
107 investigated the neural basis for contagious yawning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
108                                              Yawning was also positively correlated with other thermo
109                                              Yawning was distinguished from non-yawning in terms of t
110 g the high-increasing temperature range, and yawning was positively correlated with ambient temperatu
111                  From the time stamp on each yawn we were able to rule out temporal synchrony as an a
112 ideoed throughout and their yawns or stifled yawns were counted.
113 show that stretching, and to a lesser degree yawning, were nonrandomly clumped in time following the
114 ng the social factors influencing contagious yawning, while also offering applications for measuring
115  robust experimental evidence for contagious yawning, yet observational studies of naturalistic behav

 
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