ライフサイエンスコーパス: zwitterion

1 PT to carbon atom of the naphthalene giving zwitterion.

2 approximately 50% in the presence of excess zwitterion.

3 he reaction mixture to capture the resulting zwitterion.

4 ansfer occurs at indole C4 in the tryptophan zwitterion.

5 equilibrium constant for the formation of a zwitterion.

6 between a colorless lactone and fluorescent zwitterion.

7 surfactants compared to that containing the zwitterion.

8 le in pTMAO and strong hydration around TMAO zwitterion.

9 nation of a mono-nido-carboranyl imidazolium zwitterion.

10 odimethane is the preferred pathway from the zwitterion.

11 best described as a H2C=O(delta+)-O(delta-) zwitterion.

12 e riboside moiety is recognized as a neutral zwitterion.

13 s preferentially to the closed shell singlet zwitterion.

14 he distortion of the COO- chromophore in the zwitterions.

15 aration of the monodiazeniumdiolated amidine zwitterions.

16 are distinguished as ordinary ampholytes and zwitterions.

17 g charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between the zwitterions.

18 o non-scissile reaction pathways that afford zwitterions.

19 ed to a reporter was used to identify active zwitterions.

20 nt role in the stabilization of intermediate zwitterions.

21 allenging due to the short lifetime of these zwitterions.

22 ds was used as a synthetic equivalent of 1,6-zwitterions.

23 lar nucleophilic addition generates bent 1,3-zwitterions.

24 , characterization, and application of novel zwitterions.

25 evels of ergothioneine, carnosine, and other zwitterions.

26 The cationic nitrogen of zwitterion 1 is located symmetrically with respect to it

27 y 2-guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole 5-carboxylate zwitterion (1) (previously reported by us to dimerize to

28 with PPh3 proceeds to give two regioisomeric zwitterions, 1-(Ph3P)C14H7O2B(C6F5)2 (7a) and 3-(Ph3P)C1

29 as shown that the phosphonium hydrido borate zwitterion 10 is formed exergonically in solution but te

30 same intermediate could also be regarded as zwitterion 14', which then undergoes an initial hydride

31 -assisted PT to naphthalene position 4 in 5, zwitterion 17 is formed, which cyclizes to stable naphth

32 onding fluoroborate/ or cyanoborate/ammonium zwitterions 1F, 1CN, 2F, and 2CN.

33 sual charge-separated pyridinium barbiturate zwitterion 2 from 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and 2-pyri

34 high polarity (mu = 21-26 D) of the obtained zwitterions, (2) sharp difference in structures of the s

35 Reaction of 1 with P(t-Bu)3 affords the zwitterion 3-(t-Bu)3PC14H7O2B(C6F5)2 (5) in addition to

36 A carbene-stabilized dithiolene zwitterion (3) activates ammonia, affording 4(*) and 5,

37 MeOH and benzoic acid to perepoxide (2) and zwitterion (3) intermediates.

38 giving carbene-stabilized dithiolene (L(0) ) zwitterions (3 and 5) and a spirocyclic silicon-dithiole

39 ture to yield the phosphonium/hydrido borate zwitterion 5.

40 ither as the sigma,pi-biradicals 8 or as the zwitterions 8', for subsequent synthetic elaborations.

41 t to capture the carbocationic center in the zwitterion 8e' furnished the 5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole 32 i

42 The (3-oxo-2-butenyl)triphenylphosphonium zwitterion, a commonly known nucleophile, is identified

43 s observed for spinach PSII, suggesting that zwitterions act specifically by binding to the extrinsic

44 First, we find that zwitterions act to disrupt water layering at interfaces,

45 This catecholic zwitterion adheres to diverse surfaces and self-assemble

46 Heating the carbodiimide/zwitterion affords a rearrangement product.

47 The uniquely reactive nature of the selected zwitterions allows their in situ modification and afford

48 long-chain PFASs (>0.5 to 1.5 log units) and zwitterions AmPr- and TAmPr-FHxSA (~1.5 to 2 log units).

49 ity and high permeability makes nonclassical zwitterions an attractive design principle in medicinal

50 stronger intermolecular interactions between zwitterion and anions, leading to an increased kinetical

51 and intermolecular interactions between the zwitterion and anions.

52 he mutant EH(2).P complex contains the imine zwitterion and exhibits a charge-transfer band, a featur

53 tween intramolecular interactions within the zwitterion and intermolecular interactions between the z

54 further supports its notation as an organic zwitterion and is reminiscent of frustrated Lewis pairs

55 anced intermolecular interaction between the zwitterion and serine, thus facilitating the kinetic fav

56 with a second molecule of BF3 stabilizes the zwitterion and suppresses the fluorine migration, thus p

57 The formation of the zwitterion and the carbazole suggests the formation of t

58 cular hydrogen bond between the intermediate zwitterion and the enone was found to be the key interac

59 distortion, and interaction energies between zwitterions and alkenes were assessed, leading to the co

60 These zwitterions and four other previously reported zwitterio

61 was found that the loss of CO(2) from these zwitterions and from oxygen-protonated OMP is retarded b

62 sigmatropic steps, and (3) azolium methanide zwitterions and ketenimines as key intermediates.

63 Eight 2:1 cocrystals of amino acid zwitterions and Li(+) salts were crystallized from hot w

64 rimental evidence for chain extension of the zwitterions and reinitiation by the N-heterocyclic carbe

65 pha-carbon of the Schiff base stabilizes the zwitterions and shifts the equilibrium in favor of the o

66 ommon: electronic effects that stabilize the zwitterions and steric effects that inhibit their cycliz

67 hat a striking similarity exists between the zwitterions and the respective precursor parent anion.

68 ra of nine isomeric pyridinium dicarboxylate zwitterions and three nonzwitterionic methoxycarbonylpyr

69 ls demonstrate a singlet ground state of the zwitterion, and its calculated geometry and magnetic pro

70 including salts, polypeptides, small organic zwitterions, and surfactants.

71 ylketenes in acetonitrile forming observable zwitterions, and these undergo amine catalyzed dealkylat

72 We demonstrate that selective zwitterion-anion interactions simultaneously control sal

73 inhibitors, and the frequency of bases-plus-zwitterions approximately doubled for "non-inhibitors".

74 The anion and zwitterion are the only protonation forms of HIMA whose

75 These nonclassical zwitterions are characterized by a weak acidic and basic

76 involving oxidopyridinium and oxidopyrylium zwitterions are compared to investigate the effects of n

77 These versatile functional zwitterions are converted easily to polymer prodrugs, hy

78 Zwitterions are critically important in many biological

79 Zwitterions are dipolar molecules that typically are hig

80 Polymer zwitterions are generally regarded as hydrophilic and re

81 Polymer zwitterions are of interest for numerous applications, m

82 ified a plausible mechanism with an oxyallyl zwitterion as the key intermediate.

83 ymers with sulfobetaine or phosphorylcholine zwitterions as pendent groups are demonstrated as both l

84 f the 3'-OH group, indicating formation of a zwitterion at the transition state.

85 cteristics of 33 amphoteric drugs (about 64% zwitterions at physiological pH) were studied using the

86 ce a set of multicoordinating imidazole- and zwitterion-based ligands suited for surface functionaliz

87 n structures of the solid 1,8-bis(tosylated) zwitterion (BTZ) grown from MeCN or DMF, and (3) registr

88 1) s(-1) for carbon deprotonation of proline zwitterion by hydroxide ion at 25 degrees C.

89 oxidation sequence or to hydrazine sulfamate zwitterions by an unusual N-amination.

90 d with those calculated for the formation of zwitterions by eq 1.

91 n, we report the synthesis of highly dipolar zwitterions by successive ArS(N) reactions via C-C and C

92 These molecules are stable zwitterions by virtue of the meta positions occupied by

93 i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3), OTf = OSO(2)CF(3)), and the zwitterion [((C(6)F(5))(3)B-dBDI)V=C(t)Bu(OEt(2))] (3-OE

94 Thermal stability of the zwitterions can be modulated from very labile to highly

95 to most classical zwitterions, nonclassical zwitterions can exhibit excellent permeability.

96 of small molecules with large dipoles, like zwitterions, can be controlled by applied potential.

97 Because of the zwitterion character of the common buffer constituents,

98 Differences in zwitterion-Cl(-) and zwitterion-F(-) interactions grante

99 ble to GBCAs, we have designed and developed zwitterion-coated exceedingly small superparamagnetic ir

100 tion of the first titanium(IV) phosphinidene zwitterion complex ((tBu)nacnac)Ti=P[Trip]{CH3B(C6F5)(3)

101 A saccharin-DMAP zwitterion complex was isolated, which provided crucial

102 hange occurs exclusively at C5 in the cis-W3 zwitterion, consistent with the presence of the chi(2) =

103 idene with BF3 in rare gas matrices yields a zwitterion consisting of a cyclopentadienyl cation beari

104 Multidentate interactions of the zwitterion-containing copolymers with the PNPs induce di

105 ophoresis has been used to determine whether zwitterions contribute to the ionic strength of a soluti

106 icted a 3'-endo conformation for the ribosyl zwitterion, corresponding to a H1'-C1'-C2'-H2' torsional

107 However, a stable zwitterion could be obtained using Onsager's reaction-fi

108 Three conjugated polymer zwitterions (CPZs), containing thiophene-, diketopyrrolo

109 e, yellow crystals, P21/n space group) using zwitterion cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) linker, and i

110 d be captured either as biradicals and/or as zwitterions depending on the nature of the substituent a

111 e identification of pharmacologically active zwitterions designed to be retained in the liver.

112 Hence, zwitterions do not contribute to the ionic strength of a

113 The polar liquid zwitterion does not affect the viability and activity of

114 reducing the charge on the nucleic acid in a zwitterion effect as well as through additional noncoval

115 arborane anion through methylation to form a zwitterion enabled facile chemical reduction of the comp

116 Third, zwitterions enhance the effective dielectric permittivit

117 Here we transpose the lactone-zwitterion equilibrium (K(L-Z)) concept from fluorescenc

118 Tuning the lactone-zwitterion equilibrium constant (K(L-Z)) can optimize dy

119 We found that the lactone-zwitterion equilibrium constant (K(L-Z)) of rhodamines i

120 ome substituent strongly affects the lactone-zwitterion equilibrium, providing a roadmap for the rati

121 The zwitterions exhibit reactivity different from the corres

122 As a result, the zwitterion exists in a nitrogen-oxygen ion pair configur

123 Differences in zwitterion-Cl(-) and zwitterion-F(-) interactions granted these membranes wit

124 This zwitterion favors nucleophilic character in solution, wh

125 associating into Fuzzy Interacting Transient Zwitterion (FITZ) complexes upon binding the intrinsical

126 ing of the pseudoequilibrated formation of a zwitterion followed by a rate controlling amine assisted

127 capped at their chain ends with sulfobetaine zwitterions for perovskite coordination.

128 ifferently charged species: neutral but in a zwitterion form for malten and monopositive with an inte

129 librium of the colorless lactone and colored zwitterion form, resulting in up to a 30-fold improvemen

130 n of the benzylic OH (as hydroxide ion) gave zwitterions (formal m-quinone methides).

131 resent in norbornene is inadequate to induce zwitterion formation analogous to that observed with don

132 with hERG activity resulted in a strategy of zwitterion formation and ultimately in the identificatio

133 tional studies, it is suggested that initial zwitterion formation is highly favored over oxidative ad

134 arylethene, which undergoes a highly unusual zwitterion-forming photoreaction.

135 esult from transfer of the substrate proline zwitterion from the polar solvent water to a nonpolar en

136 zoxan produced monodiazeniumdiolated amidine zwitterions from which NO release was observed for up to

137 )-ZW, (as a multicoordinating anchor) with a zwitterion group for water compatibility.

138 Thus, protoadamantyl zwitterion has a less nonclassical character than the co

139 ,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, in which zwitterions have been detected or proposed, have two fac

140 ed from these tailored phosphonium sulfonate zwitterions highlight their diverse range of solubility

141 The catecholic zwitterion holds particular promise as an adhesive for n

142 zation methods to afford hydrophobic polymer zwitterions (HPZs) with solubility properties not observ

143 all 62 PFASs (including cations, anions, and zwitterions) identified in foam concentrates.

144 the self-adherent properties of the selected zwitterions impart interdroplet adherence, while the ami

145 noncolored spirolactone and the fluorescent zwitterion in response to their environment.

146 line methyl ester and pK(a) = 29 for proline zwitterion in water and of the second-order rate constan

147 -11) s(-1) for deprotonation of free proline zwitterion in water at pH 8 and k(cat) = 2600 s(-1) for

148 the mechanism of racemization of an alanine zwitterion in water is altered from an essentially conce

149 tituted oNHQ is a rare example of an organic zwitterion in which the centers of charge are in conjuga

150 oss electrolytes, revealing a clear role for zwitterions in modifying interactions compared to simple

151 s tailored receptors for cations, anions, or zwitterions in organic or aqueous media.

152 ure of sulfonium- and ammonium-based polymer zwitterions in water, adhesive droplets are prepared by

153 298 K and ultimately give the corresponding zwitterions in which [BAr(F)4](-) coordinates and NBA is

154 We identified eight zwitterions, including ergothioneine, carnitine, carnosi

155 veals a two-step reaction pathway in which a zwitterion, initially formed from the reaction between t

156 urface potential measurements indicates that zwitterion insertion leads to the formation of a spontan

157 Describing organic cation and zwitterion interaction with dissolved natural organic ma

158 high proton-affinity sites of humic acid and zwitterion interaction with high proton-affinity sites.

159 and terminal aryl or alkyl acetylenes as 1,6-zwitterion interceptors allows the alkyl substituent to

160 This suggests that the formation of a zwitterion intermediate in the enzyme-catalyzed transfor

161 ation via a two-step reaction pathway with a zwitterion intermediate undergoing dynamic proton transf

162 oton transfer results in formation of an ion-zwitterion intermediate with a greater dissociation thre

163 (1) Trapping the charged zwitterion intermediate with added nucleophiles allows a

164 n of the resting state, stabilization of the zwitterion intermediate, and the control of the product

165 A stepwise mechanism involving short-lived zwitterion intermediates is established.

166 zable postmodification strategy to introduce zwitterions into the side chains of cationic polymers, e

167 on of the carboxylate moiety, converting the zwitterions into typical cationic amphiphiles.

168 x 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) while the twisted zwitterion is a high resistivity insulator.

169 In addition, we demonstrate that this zwitterion is a powerful phospha-Staudinger reagent and

170 The resulting zwitterion is a stable [9]annulene with strong aromatici

171 The zwitterion is highly labile and by visible or IR irradia

172 y (basicity) of the anionic subunit in these zwitterions is comparable to that of the respective pare

173 ion of charge between the monopoles in these zwitterions is demonstrated by moderately large nonzero

174 a wider breadth of applications for polymer zwitterions is hindered by their inherent lack of functi

175 The aggregation of these highly polar zwitterions is investigated using several experimental t

176 We show that the binding of zwitterions is nondenaturing, is highly reversible, and

177 nd-assisted pi-pi-interaction of the dimeric zwitterions is suggested to promote this aggregation mod

178 2)-inactive PSII show that the inhibition by zwitterions is the result of a specific decrease in the

179 The remaining one, involving the zwitterion, is shown to be consistent with experimental

180 has been found that the ring closure of the zwitterion leading to the formation of sultines was kine

181 for the initially formed sigma,pi-biradicals/zwitterions, leading to the 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c][1,8]naph

182 lity due to the less steric hindrance of the zwitterion leads to enhanced intermolecular interactions

183 Cysteine zwitterion ligands enable uptake through the cell, facil

184 gy of combining the A(+) and X(-) sites with zwitterions may offer more members in this family of mix

185 A series of highly efficient, modular zwitterion-mediated transformations have been developed

186 walls in addition to the originally proposed zwitterion model.

187 These zwitterion-modified alginates may contribute to the deve

188 al application in the structural analysis of zwitterion-modified glycans.

189 Ac-6-PE, with little or no activity on other zwitterion-modified hexoses.

190 on the hydrophilic and low-surface roughness zwitterion-modified membrane was significantly impaired,

191 polyvinyldifluoride, polyacrylonitrile, and zwitterion-modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration mem

192 More importantly, by the use of zwitterion moieties as the hydrophilic block, this polym

193 the QD surface and a controllable number of zwitterion moieties for water solubilization.

194 poic acid (LA) groups chemically linked to a zwitterion moiety.

195 The zwitterion, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N'-2-ethanesulfo

196 In contrast to most classical zwitterions, nonclassical zwitterions can exhibit excell

197 Ar-B] or initial proton transfer to give the zwitterions [(-)OAr-BH(+)].

198 l turn-on effect of the sugar binding to the zwitterion of 5 in contrast to a large effect observed w

199 3-Nitrophenylboronic acid recognizes zwitterions of amino acids in DMSO, and its UV absorptio

200 late groups, and a number of cyclic analogs, zwitterions of similar size such as trans-(aminomethyl)c

201 r ylides and in situ-generated Pd-stabilized zwitterions offers a convenient route to a series of fun

202 An influential review states that zwitterions only exist if the acidic pK(a) is significan

203 ace through a reaction mechanism involving a zwitterion or a BF3 addition compound (formed by fluorid

204 Since 2-azatyrosine is in the zwitterion or phenolate ion form at all the pH values ex

205 itterions and four other previously reported zwitterions or cations were compared for their transform

206 not affect sequestration of fast-dissipating zwitterions or negatively charged pharmaceuticals.

207 complex fluorescence decay of the tryptophan zwitterion originates in ground-state heterogeneity with

208 metal chelation by the phosphate because the zwitterion pair is charge neutral.

209 These palladium-stabilized zwitterions participate in asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddit

210 pproximately 3.5) (W)(S)pHs showing that the zwitterion (+Phe-Ala-) is less strongly adsorbed than th

211 The zwitterions phosphorylcholine (PC) and phosphoethanolami

212 lpha-amino carbon of the glycylglycylglycine zwitterion (pK(a) = 25.1) is similar to that for deproto

213 sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) binds the L-proline zwitterion (pKa = 10.6).

214 tic repulsions compared to solutions without zwitterion present.

215 ce soils of other perfluoroalkyl cations and zwitterions present in AFFFs.

216 rface to the ground state generates a planar zwitterion prior to formation of a Favorskii cyclopropan

217 pha-keto carboxylates and thiazolium-derived zwitterions produces reactive carbonyl anions in a buffe

218 intramolecularly either as biradicals or as zwitterions, producing 2(1H)-quinolinone 19, 2(1H)-pyrid

219 The stepwise reactivity of the zwitterion provides new mechanistic insight for 1,1-carb

220 Electrophilic N-amination of amino acid zwitterions provides crude alpha-hydrazino acids that ca

221 operties not observed previously for polymer zwitterions (PZs) owing to the dominance of the alkylsil

222 -8 undergo solvent-assisted PT giving QM6 or zwitterion QM8 that react with nucleophiles delivering a

223 demonstrated to show the scalability of the zwitterion reaction.

224 nder the effect of anhydrous GaCl3 using 1,2-zwitterion reactivity was elaborated.

225 the kinetic criteria under which the active zwitterions remain in solution; these simulations were s

226 owever, the chemical compositions of polymer zwitterions remain limited, with synthetic variants most

227 of the negatively charged chain ends of the zwitterions, resulting in quasi-living polymerization be

228 The zwitterions reveal a large nonlinear optical response, e

229 enching of the catalyst competes to form the zwitterion [Rh(Cy(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PCy(2)){eta(6)-(CF(3))(2)

230 xes have charge-solvated binding modes, with zwitterion (salt bridge) forms being much less stable.

231 ive zwitterion stability, but even then, the zwitterion (salt bridge, SB) form is not the most stable

232 ge transport studies, thin films of the flat zwitterion show semiconducting properties, with a hole m

233 ding to the results, the formation of adduct zwitterion species is a preliminary step required for al

234 DI) backbones, were synthesized with pendant zwitterions, specifically sulfobetaine groups.

235 ion to a metal ion can increase the relative zwitterion stability, but even then, the zwitterion (sal

236 Second, we find that zwitterions strengthen electrostatic repulsions by enhan

237 re, a case is described in which the polymer zwitterion structure is tailored to decrease water solub

238 zation was observed using the trehalose- and zwitterion- substituted polyesters.

239 thiadiazole monomers were copolymerized with zwitterion-substituted dibromothiophene, DPP, and NDI mo

240 of cyanobacterial PSII is inhibited by small zwitterions, such as glycine betaine and beta-alanine.

241 o have a limited permeability to Na+ and the zwitterion taurine.

242 we found that the QDs photoligated with this zwitterion-terminated bis(lipoic) acid exhibit great col

243 for plant cell walls based on a polar liquid zwitterion that dissolves cellulose, the most recalcitra

244 blem since in the solid state it exists as a zwitterion that is unstable in vacuo and therefore canno

245 de to facilitate deprotonation evolving to a zwitterion that traps pai-electrophiles in a formal [3 +

246 Conformationally diverse zwitterions that could act as structural antidote varian

247 e are therefore proposing that, analogous to zwitterion, the generic name "Zwitterhormon" (German spe

248 somerization of a pyrrolin-2-ylium-3-aminide zwitterion, the primary product of 1,4-diazahexatriene 1

249 bon of glycylglycine and glycylglycylglycine zwitterions, the internal alpha-amino carbon of the glyc

250 solution-phase amino acids normally exist as zwitterions, this is not the case under gas-phase condit

251 since pushing deuterium-labeled carbodiimide/zwitterion through silica gel prior to heating results i

252 The metastable zwitterion thus possesses a positively charged extended

253 deprotonation/reprotonation of the resulting zwitterion to give a rearranged hexahydroindolinone on f

254 deprotonation/reprotonation of the resulting zwitterion to give a rearranged hexahydroindolinone.

255 g followed by deprotonation of the resulting zwitterion to give the rearranged ketone.

256 Aggregation of dimers of these zwitterions to higher supramolecular structures was achi

257 aethylammonium chloride (TEA(+)Cl(-)) or the zwitterion tricine(+/-).

258 lectrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS zwitterions (two carboxyl betaines and two tertiary amin

259 s enable them to exist as neutral species or zwitterions, unlike all other PFAS subclasses, which are

260 ss regio- and stereodefined cyclic sulfonium zwitterions via the slower but thermodynamically favored

261 ing of relatively large, organic cations and zwitterions (viz., the antibiotics clarithromycin and te

262 t the electronic nature (i.e., diradical vs. zwitterion vs. cyclic allene) of the particular isomeric

263 The fluorescence decay of the cis-W3 zwitterion was biexponential with lifetimes of 3.1 and 0

264 of TPT, and the permeability of the lactone zwitterion was comparable to that of the neutral form of

265 Thus, a zwitterion was nonessential for receptor binding, and mo

266 A zwitterion was the first intermediate detected, and it c

267 Oral delivery of the poorly permeable zwitterions was achieved by prodrugs susceptible to clea

268 , whereas direct N-C(alpha) bond cleavage in zwitterions was disfavored.

269 evidence for the intermediacy of radicals or zwitterions was found.

270 An AFFF with 34 major PFAS (12 anions and 22 zwitterions) was added to uncontaminated soil in one-dim

271 ricyclic 1,3- and 1,5-hydrogen shifts in the zwitterions were also calculated.

272 mer fire-training areas in which cations and zwitterions were found to contribute up to 97% of the to

273 eries of several prominent sulfonamide-based zwitterions were low.

274 Conjugated polymeric zwitterions, when utilized as interlayer materials in bu

275 tonation at the NH of these salts leads to a zwitterion which, in the 4-pyridyl system, also exists a

276 CO2 and/or epoxide to produce inner salts or zwitterions which behave in a manner similar to that of

277 by an addition reaction via an intermediate zwitterion, which explained the reduced number of isomer

278 cilitating S(N)2-based CO(2) conversion to a zwitterion, which then releases a proton via overhydrati

279 single-electron transfer and formation of a zwitterion, which undergoes an intramolecular polar cycl

280 derivatives with ArI(OAc)2 gave aryliodonium zwitterions, which were sufficiently stable for chromato

281 Heating carbodiimide/zwitterion with a deuterated allyl group results in the

282 s a closed shell, antiaromatic 16pi-electron zwitterion with a small HOMO-LUMO gap.

283 Zwitterions with a balanced charge and minimized dipole

284 the crystal, the d(TpA)* molecules exist as zwitterions with a protonated amidine fragment of the ei

285 Quinuclidine rapidly forms long-lived zwitterions with arylketenes, providing a model for cata

286 borderline between singlet biradicaloids and zwitterions with diminished reactivity compared to known

287 The reactions of these zwitterions with nucleophiles provided facile access to

288 nctional groups when compared with analogous zwitterions with only anionic terminal groups.

289 Six previously unknown zwitterions with positively and negatively charged [NHN]

290 e charges and thus also the high polarity of zwitterions with separated charges.

291 operties of more typical hydrophilic polymer zwitterions, with tunable and switchable properties made

292 DFT calculations suggest that the molecular zwitterions within these structures are all significantl