ライフサイエンスコーパス: HTLV-2

1 -1), and human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2).

2 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), or HTLV-2.

3 g the different pathobiologies of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.

4 sent a new and distinct molecular subtype of HTLV-2.

5 h an efficiency similar to that of wild-type HTLV-2.

6 ptional repressor p30, which is not found in HTLV-2.

7 hocytes differs from that of both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.

8 l transformation tropisms between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.

9 versus the transformation of CD8+ T cells by HTLV-2.

10 sis resulting from infection with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.

11 Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), a common infection of intravenous drug users an

12 HTLV-2, although highly related to HTLV-1 at the molecul

13 ) is a novel retrovirus distantly related to HTLV-2 and displays a host range similar to that demonst

14 Here, we examined the interaction between HTLV-2 and HIV-1 MA proteins and various NAs in vitro.

15 eferential tropism for CD4+ T cells and that HTLV-2 and HTLV-2/TR1 had a preferential tropism for CD8

16 nd nonhuman primate viruses, suggesting that HTLV-2 and the cognate virus simian T-lymphotropic virus

17 comparative biological studies of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 and ultimately lead to the determination of the f

18 oconversion against viral antigens in HTLV-1/HTLV-2 and Western blot assay.

19 lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV).

20 with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

21 human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 2 (HTLV-2), and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) genomes.

22 The 3'-processing activities of HIV-1, HTLV-2, and M-MuLV integrases (INs) with their correspon

23 HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 antibodies were measured by enzyme immunoassay (E

24 ues elicited humoral and T-cell responses to HTLV-2 antigens at both systemic and mucosal sites.

25 Recently, an HTLV-2 antisense viral protein (APH-2) was identified.

26 viously, our group found that HTLV-1 HBZ and HTLV-2 APH-2 had distinct effects in vivo and hypothesiz

27 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are closely related but pathogenically distinct h

28 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are complex retroviruses that persist in the host

29 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are distinct oncogenic retroviruses that infect s

30 HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are highly related complex retroviruses that have

31 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are highly related viruses that differ in disease

32 man T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are prevalent at low levels among US blood donors

33 man T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are related but pathogenically distinct viruses.

34 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are related deltaretroviruses but are distinct in

35 l leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are highly related retroviruses that have distin

36 l leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are highly related retroviruses that transform T

37 impetus for the development of an attenuated HTLV-2-based vectored vaccine for HIV-1; this approach c

38 d in the long terminal repeats of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 but instead contains a unique activator protein-1

39 hows that HTLV-3 is distinct from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 but is genetically similar to simian T-lymphotrop

40 luding HTLV-1deltaPBM, HTLV-2+C22(+PBM), and HTLV-2+ C18(deltaPBM).

41 Tax viral mutants, including HTLV-1deltaPBM, HTLV-2+C22(+PBM), and HTLV-2+ C18(deltaPBM).

42 Both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can efficiently immortalize and transform T lymph

43 cell leukemia virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) can result in syncytium formation, facilitating

44 s of blood samples obtained from a cohort of HTLV-2 carriers.

45 HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 carry the tax and rex transregulatory genes in se

46 The results for HIV-1/HTLV-2 chimeric constructs represent strong evidence sup

47 ection animal model and investigated whether HTLV-2 could persistently infect macaques, induce a T-ce

48 s of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), designated HTLV-2a and HTLV-2b.

49 elucidate the mechanisms by which HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 determine distinct outcomes are likely to provide

50 man T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 differ in pathogenicity in vivo.

51 These studies demonstrate that HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 differ in their T-cell entry requirements and sug

52 HTLV-2 does shares many properties with HTLV-1, includin

53 -cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 encode auxiliary proteins that play important rol

54 HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 encode auxiliary proteins that play important rol

55 ession of GLUT-1 in CD4(+) T cells increased HTLV-2 entry, while expression of HSPGs on CD8(+) T cell

56 the roles of HSPGs and GLUT-1 in HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Env-mediated binding and entry into primary T cel

57 HTLV-2/Env1 preferentially transformed CD4+ T cells simi

58 specifically to the ectodomain of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 envelope glycoproteins, which was reversible with

59 ino terminus of the transmembrane protein of HTLV-2 envelope that is necessary for syncytium inductio

60 rsely, CD8(+) T cells, the primary target of HTLV-2, expressed GLUT-1 at dramatically higher levels t

61 RNA sequences involved in HIV-1 gag-pol and HTLV-2 gag-pro frameshifting.

62 ces may affect how HTLV-1 causes disease but HTLV-2 generally does not.

63 NA is encoded by the antisense strand of the HTLV-2 genome.

64 HTLV-2 infected cells and immunoprecipitated HTLV-2 gp46.

65 highly homologous to HTLV-1, infection with HTLV-2 has not been associated with lymphoproliferative

66 Infection with HTLV-2 has not been conclusively linked to lymphoprolife

67 m that determines this tropism of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 has not been determined.

68 Here, we report that both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have evolved accessory genes to encode proteins t

69 Therefore, antisense proteins of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have evolved different functions in vivo, and fur

70 an T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2, have a conserved PPPY motif in the C-terminal re

71 Transcription of the chimeric HTLV-2 (HTLVC-enh) was efficiently directed by this hete

72 nsformation tropism of CD4+ T cells, whereas HTLV-2 immortalizes and transforms primarily CD8+ T cell

73 imited number of individuals shown to harbor HTLV-2 in association with specific diseases has, to dat

74 substrate specificities, while HTLV-1 IN and HTLV-2 IN had more defined sequence requirements.

75 onstration of a definitive etiologic role of HTLV-2 in human disease.

76 HTLV-2 IN showed reduced activity with strand transfer a

77 A higher prevalence of HTLV-2 in the west and southwest may be attributed to en

78 eferential tropism for CD4+ T cells, whereas HTLV-2 in vivo tropism is less clear but appears to favo

79 er, for human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HTLV-2) IN, the replacement of the guanine with 6-methyl

80 PBM significantly increases both HTLV-1- and HTLV-2-induced primary T-cell proliferation.

81 Two of these antibodies also bound to viable HTLV-2 infected cells and immunoprecipitated HTLV-2 gp46

82 HTLV-2-infected cells were reproducibly isolated and had

83 Exposure of HTLV-2-infected or naive macaques to SIV(mac251) demonst

84 detectable in most primary lymphocytes from HTLV-2-infected patients.

85 th a late proviral burden peak in HTLV-1- or HTLV-2-infected rabbit CD8(+) T cells, respectively.

86 We found that inoculation of irradiated HTLV-2-infected T cells into Indian rhesus macaques elic

87 However, the link between HTLV-2 infection and leukemia has not been established.

88 longitudinally measure the early HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection and replication kinetics in purified CD

89 d CD8+ T cells are susceptible to HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection in vitro, and HTLV-1 has a preferential

90 ion of primary T lymphocytes in vitro and in HTLV-2 infection in vivo, we generated APH-2 mutant viru

91 V-1 infection is associated with disease and HTLV-2 infection is not.

92 HTLV-2 infection is prevalent among intravenous drug use

93 pathogenesis in animal models of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection.

94 ct pathogenesis resulting from HTLV-1 versus HTLV-2 infections.

95 Additionally for HIV-1 and HTLV-2 INs, we observed an increase in the 3'-processing

96 In situ hybridization analysis of HTLV-2 integration revealed no obvious chromosomal integ

97 HTLV-2 is aleukemic and predominantly immortalizes/trans

98 Although HTLV-2 is highly homologous to HTLV-1, infection with HT

99 HTLV-2 is highly related to HTLV-1 at the genetic level

100 Conversely, the in vivo T-cell tropism of HTLV-2 is less clear, although it appears that CD8+ T ce

101 eurologic and inflammatory diseases, whereas HTLV-2 is less clearly associated with human disease.

102 In contrast, HTLV-2 is much less pathogenic with reports of only a fe

103 1 mainly causes adult T cell leukemia, while HTLV-2 is not associated with leukemia.

104 ree of sequence homology, but infection with HTLV-2 is relatively nonpathogenic compared to HTLV-1.

105 t study with recombinants between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 is the initial step in elucidating the different

106 with both leukemia and neurologic disorders, HTLV-2 lacks a strong etiologic association with disease

107 ant designed to mimic the basic character of HTLV-2 MA alpha-helix II dramatically improves binding a

108 Mutation of two basic residues in HTLV-2 MA alpha-helix II, previously implicated in BLV g

109 HTLV-2 MA also binds NAs with higher affinity than HTLV-

110 HTLV-2 MA binds with high affinity and specificity to RN

111 HTLV-2 MA displays higher NA binding affinity and better

112 reased viral infectious spread, and enhanced HTLV-2-mediated cellular proliferation.

113 estigate the functional role of APH-2 in the HTLV-2-mediated immortalization of primary T lymphocytes

114 Using cell lines that were susceptible to HTLV-2-mediated syncytium formation but were nonfusogeni

115 MA also binds NAs with higher affinity than HTLV-2 NC and displays more robust chaperone function.

116 oes not appear to be related to EBV, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or HHV-8 infection.

117 of genetic recombination with either HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or STLV-3.

118 at the accessory gene products of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 ORF II (p30II and p28II, respectively) are able t

119 ted the transformation tropism of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 over a 9-week period using in vitro cell growth/i

120 HTLV-1 p30(II) and the related HTLV-2 p28(II) inhibit virion production by binding to a

121 Using molecular clones of HTLV-1 (Ach) and HTLV-2 (pH6neo), we constructed recombinants in which ta

122 In vitro, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 predominantly transform CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells

123 CI], 4.1-6.1), and 300 were seropositive for HTLV-2 (prevalence, 14.7 cases/per 100 000; 95% CI, 13.0

124 The HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 prevalences among US blood donors has declined si

125 ith HTLV-1, the transformation efficiency of HTLV-2 producer cells was proportionately related to the

126 GLI-2/THP has no effect on the HTLV-2 promoter, activates expression from the promoters

127 Functional comparisons of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 proteins provide a better understanding about how

128 The antisense strand of the HTLV-2 proviral genome also encodes a protein termed APH

129 In this study, we use a unique HTLV-2 provirus (HTLV(c-enh)) that replicates by a Tax-i

130 Low levels of HTLV-2 provirus DNA were detected in the blood, lymphoid

131 increased susceptibility to both HTLV-1- and HTLV-2-pseudotyped particles.

132 Therefore, for this study HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 recombinants were generated to assess the contrib

133 erived from the putative packaging signal of HTLV-2 relative to nonspecific NA.

134 onstrated that the phosphorylation status of HTLV-2 Rex (Rex-2) correlates with RNA binding and inhib

135 C terminus is important for the function of HTLV-2 Rex (Rex-2).

136 In this study, we assessed the role of the HTLV-2 rex gene in viral RNA expression and Gag protein

137 These data indicate that HTLV-2 Rex increases the stability and promotes nucleus-

138 We demonstrate that HTLV-2 Rex is a potent inhibitor of splicing in vitro at

139 Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2) Rex is a transacting regulatory protein required

140 rameshifting efficiencies for shuffled HIV-1/HTLV-2 RNA elements in a background of HIV-1 or HTLV-2 s

141 V-2 RNA elements in a background of HIV-1 or HTLV-2 sequences.

142 HTLV-2 seropositivity was associated with female sex, ol

143 d is genetically equidistant from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, sharing about 62% identity.

144 At the early weeks, both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 showed proportionate growth of CD4(+) and CD8(+)

145 ll-mediated immune response was different in HTLV-2/SIV(mac251) coinfected animals versus SIV(mac251)

146 In addition, like HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, STLV-2(pan-p) was infectious in rabbits.

147 T cells, which do not bind either HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 SU and do not express detectable levels of HSPGs,

148 -1 envelope recombinant virus containing the HTLV-2 SU domain.

149 Binding studies with HTLV-1/HTLV-2 SU recombinants showed that preferential binding

150 arily binds to activated CD4(+) T cells, and HTLV-2 SU, which primarily binds to activated CD8(+) T c

151 family of viruses, we have characterized the HTLV-2 subtypes present in several urban areas in Brazil

152 Under these conditions, the HTLV-2 surface glycoprotein (SU) binding and viral entry

153 had an antibody response to both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 SUs.

154 Thus, HTLV-2 targets mucosal sites, persists, and importantly

155 In contrast, HTLV-2 Tax (Tax2) did not detectably alter p21 or p27 ge

156 tors were constructed encoding the HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 tax genes (Tax1 and Tax2, respectively) and the g

157 present study, we evaluated the activity of HTLV-2 Tax in promoting aberrant proliferation of human

158 This comparison of the action of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax proteins on p53 function will provide importa

159 We generated several HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax viral mutants, including HTLV-1deltaPBM, HTLV

160 lysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2) Tax (Tax-2) was performed to identify regions wi

161 ell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) that promotes the accumulation of full-length an

162 blem we constructed a mutant of HTLV type 2 (HTLV-2) that replicates by a Tax-independent mechanism.

163 lones allowed us to correlate the ability of HTLV-2 to induce syncytia with the ability to replicate

164 To better assess the ability of HTLV-2 to transform lymphocytes, a limiting dilution ass

165 tropism for CD4+ T cells and that HTLV-2 and HTLV-2/TR1 had a preferential tropism for CD8(+) T cells

166 owth potential compared to uninfected cells; HTLV-2 transformants required the continued presence of

167 Clonality of the HTLV-2 transformants was confirmed by Southern blot anal

168 To assess whether HTLV-2 transformation may also result in constitutive ac

169 r in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2)-transformed cells.

170 All HTLV-2-transformed populations were CD2 and/or CD3 posit

171 STAT pathway, six interleukin-2-independent, HTLV-2-transformed T-cell lines were analyzed for the pr

172 64 amino acids at the amino terminus of the HTLV-2 transmembrane protein, p21, the retention of whic

173 vity required an upstream ACA, unique to the HTLV-2 U5 end.

174 -1) and human T cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-2) use a similar mechanism for -1 translational fra

175 HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells w

176 In contrast, HTLV-2, which expresses Tax2, is non-leukemogenic.

177 e ancestor of HTLV-3 is as old as HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, with an inferred divergence time of 36,087 to 54

178 ere indistinguishable from that of wild-type HTLV-2 (wtHTLV-2), indicating that, like HBZ, APH-2 is d