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   1 ted alkenes undergoes radical defluorinative alkylation.                                             
     2 lem, often resulting in varying amounts of N-alkylation.                                             
     3 atropisomeric biaryls by a cation-directed O-alkylation.                                             
     4 tionship was set via a Nicholas-type enolate alkylation.                                             
     5 ladium(0)-catalyzed branch-selective allylic alkylation.                                             
     6 cyclopropane are essential for efficient DNA alkylation.                                             
     7 lkylation and palladium(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation.                                             
     8  this reaction channel compared to that of O-alkylation.                                             
     9 tive acrylate addition or asymmetric allylic alkylation.                                             
    10 activity by an episulfonium ion-mediated DNA alkylation.                                             
    11 motifs to prepare using conventional enolate alkylation.                                             
    12 sometimes showing competitive Friedel-Crafts alkylation.                                             
    13 e, becoming more unfavorable with increasing alkylation.                                             
    14 l, followed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation.                                             
    15 iastereoselective enolate hydrogen borrowing alkylation.                                             
    16 ause environmental chemicals may trigger DNA alkylation.                                             
    17 enolates, leading to highly atropselective O-alkylation.                                             
    18 ling mechanism for sensing damage induced by alkylation.                                             
    19 is demonstrated for both linear and branched alkylations.                                            
    20 ssues associated with related Friedel-Crafts alkylations.                                            
    21 pplied to hydrodefluorinative Friedel-Crafts alkylations.                                            
    22  involved a domino process of Friedel-Crafts alkylation, 1,4-AlCl3 shift, transesterification, and pr
    23 onalization of enaminone precursors, such as alkylation; 1,2- 1,3-, or 1,4-addition; and C-O bond for
  
  
  
  
    28 n at the 2-position undergo intramolecular N-alkylation after activation of the primary alcohol, and 
    29 duct contradicts the traditional view that S alkylation always forms the initial reaction of GSH with
    30  As for the gallium-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation, an unusual concerted SEAr mechanism involvin
    31 in five steps via an enantioselective ketone alkylation and a diastereoselective pinacol cyclization.
    32  sulfonamides could be further elaborated by alkylation and arylation similarly to nitrobenzenesulfon
    33 ough additional reactor modules performing N-alkylation and arylation, deprotection, and amidation to
    34  in both copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and copper-catalyzed asymmetric borylation.  
    35 irreversibly damage proteins and DNA through alkylation and cross-linking and interfere with redox ho
    36 w how RNA Pol II copes with minor-groove DNA alkylation and establishes a mechanism for drug resistan
    37 uence of selective gamma-deprotonation/alpha-alkylation and palladium(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation
  
    39  polymerization that otherwise plagues these alkylations and generates a reactive metalated nitrile f
  
    41 he mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed C-H arylation, alkylation, and sulfenylation with N,N-bidentate directi
    42 ells is largely driven by initial on-rate of alkylation; and (3) evaluating the consequences of prote
  
  
  
  
  
    48  addition of Grignard reagents followed by N-alkylation at position 1 afforded the 1,7,7-trisubstitut
  
    50 or five different photoredox reactions (beta-alkylation, beta-aminoalkylation, dehalogenation, amine 
  
  
    53 stablish that photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation can also be applied to C-C bond formation, sp
    54 sented include, among others, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, carbonylation, polymerization, cyclization, 
    55 ole C3 position greatly improved the allylic alkylation chemistry and enabled a highly efficient Negi
    56 ubstrates in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry facilitates rapid access to multipl
    57 stems were accessed using nitrile lithiation/alkylation chemistry while the methyl-substituted spirop
    58 tion damage is particularly important, since alkylation chemotherapy is one of the most widely used s
  
    60 rations including a one-pot Pomeranz-Fritsch alkylation/cyclization and an Ullmann-type lactone ring 
    61 s that mediate recognition and repair of DNA alkylation damage is particularly important, since alkyl
    62  revealed that base excision repair (BER) of alkylation damage is significantly modulated by chromati
  
    64 roducts), ethyl methanesulfonate (generating alkylation damage), mitomycin C (generating interstrand 
    65 ndent pathway induced specifically to repair alkylation damage, shedding light on the molecular mecha
    66 promotes high-fidelity bypass of MMS-induced alkylation damage, such as N3-methyladenine, as well as 
    67 nduces its own expression upon repairing DNA alkylation damage, we found that undamaged cells on aver
  
  
  
  
  
    73 trand break damage resulting from oxidation, alkylation, deamination, and spontaneous hydrolysis.    
    74 tituent at the 6-position, an intermolecular alkylation/desilylation provides endocyclic unstabilized
  
  
    77 reocenter was set by using direct asymmetric alkylation enabled by a C2-symmetric tetramine and lithi
    78 y identified and quantified 398 aHNE protein alkylation events (386 cysteine sites and 12 histidine s
    79 ation with super-resolution imaging, protein alkylation events may be registered and individually cou
  
  
  
  
  
    85 g agents, the use of unactivated olefins for alkylations has become attractive from both cost and sus
  
  
  
  
    90 ically improved by boron alkylation, whereas alkylation in the meso-methyl position has no effect.   
    91 ble and increase in strength with increasing alkylation, indicating favorable sp(3)C-amide sp(2)N and
    92  in the presence of LDA, followed by in situ alkylation-intramolecular condensation of the resulting 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   100 nd activated alkyl halides in basic media (O-alkylation) is superseded by a pathway leading to carbin
   101 lishes the highly selective photoredox alpha-alkylation/lactonization of alcohols with methyl acrylat
   102 hen paired with dT or dA and suggest that N7 alkylation may alter the base pairing patterns of guanin
   103 absence, are conditions under which the same alkylation may lead to beneficial catalytic activity.   
   104 n with a new deborylative conjugate addition-alkylation method enables a one-pot procedure in which m
  
  
   107 ttern of reactivity, including both C- and O-alkylation, Michael addition via C-5 to an acetylenic es
  
  
  
   111  concise and novel method for site-selective alkylation of 1,3,6',3''-tetraazidokanamycin has been de
   112 azoles analogues has been achieved involving alkylation of 2-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)arene/hete
   113      A Rh(III)-catalyzed highly efficient C6-alkylation of 2-pyridones has been achieved successfully
   114 through LiClO4-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation of 2-vinylindoles with activated aziridines f
   115 nexpected retroaldol-aldol reaction during O-alkylation of a beta-hydroxy lactam was found to be high
   116 l acrylamide was successfully applied to the alkylation of a broad range of benzimidazoles incorporat
   117 utive coupling reactions, namely a selective alkylation of a dienolate and a Heck reaction, are the k
  
  
   120 The method features sequential reduction and alkylation of a peptide on solid phase combined with seq
  
  
   123 eported enantioselective photochemical alpha-alkylation of aldehydes with electron-poor organic halid
   124 ic substitution reaction, the selective mono-alkylation of aliphatic amines by unactivated, hindered 
   125 y enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of allyl benzoate with alpha-substituted benz
   126 n we report an iron phthalocyanine-catalyzed alkylation of allylic and benzylic C(sp(3))-H bonds.    
  
  
   129 o promote a Pd(II)-catalyzed meta-C(sp(2))-H alkylation of amides with various alkyl iodides as well 
  
   131 a redox-neutral cascade for the biocatalytic alkylation of amines using primary and secondary alcohol
  
  
   134 entiating step involves a diastereoselective alkylation of an alpha-monosubstituted malonate-imidazol
  
  
   137 and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed alpha-alkylation of an extended enolate, and a subsequent tran
  
  
  
   141  a variety of catalytic processes, including alkylation of aromatics, catalytic cracking, methanol-to
  
  
   144 UII((4-11)) analogs 6-11 by routes featuring alkylation of azasulfuryl-glycine tripeptide precursors 
   145 catalytic system for the ortho-selective C-H alkylation of azines by acrylates and acrylamides is rep
   146 or the first time the selective branched C-H alkylation of benzimidazoles with Michael acceptors.    
  
   148 talyzed azidation or amination and reductive alkylation of benzylazide by a helicenyl dichloroborane.
   149 lladium(II)-catalyzed meta-C-H arylation and alkylation of benzylsulfonamide using 2-carbomethoxynorb
  
  
  
  
  
   155 ides and proteins through site-selective bis-alkylation of cysteine residues present as disulfides un
  
   157  high optical purity (up to 98% ee) by alpha-alkylation of deprotonated alpha-aminonitriles derived b
  
   159  palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N-protected piperazin-2-one
  
   161 ism and cancer chemotherapy can give rise to alkylation of DNA, and the resulting alkylated thymidine
   162 lable menthol-derived sulfinate or the alpha-alkylation of enantiopure S-chiral alpha-sulfinyl benzoa
   163 perhaps the most widely used reagent for the alkylation of free sulfhydryls in proteomic experiments.
   164 oacetamide or disulfides, enabling selective alkylation of free thiols and site-specific analysis of 
   165 ethods exploit transition metals to catalyze alkylation of heterocycles with olefins via a C-H activa
  
  
   168 enzaldehydes, followed by iodine-catalyzed C-alkylation of indole with the Baylis-Hillman adducts.   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   175  for intermolecular branched-selective alpha-alkylation of ketones using simple alkenes as the alkyla
  
  
   178 e highly enantioselective asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with anth
   179      This compound was found to catalyze the alkylation of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine cumyl ester i
  
   181 s, a mild and general catalytic method for C-alkylation of nitroalkanes with unactivated alkyl iodide
   182     We report a method for the monoselective alkylation of ortho-C-H bonds of N-quinolyl benzamides w
  
  
   185 orane amino acid derivatives was achieved by alkylation of phenylphosphine borane with gamma-iodo-alp
   186 y enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of prochiral alpha,alpha-disubstituted aldehy
   187 ant permits extensive denaturation/reduction/alkylation of proteins and inactivation of endogenous pr
  
  
   190 x catalysis enables direct gamma- C(sp(3))-H alkylation of saturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds.   
   191 ysts; highly enantioselective phase transfer alkylation of several types of substrates including dihy
  
   193 and stereospecific rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of tertiary allylic carbonates with alkenyl c
  
   195 ylated twisted amides prepared directly by N-alkylation of the corresponding non-planar lactams.     
   196  We have compared the graphene arylation and alkylation of the GIC using 4-tert-butylphenyldiazonium 
  
  
   199 h the largely ignored experimental fact that alkylation of the N-H functionality within M/NH bifuncti
   200 cupration of an alkyne by NHCCuH followed by alkylation of the resulting alkenylcopper intermediate b
   201 -azide-omega-alkyne monomer and simultaneous alkylation of the resulting poly(1,2,3-triazole)s with a
  
   203 K11007 stabilized p53 in vitro via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without comp
   204 port on the first base metal-catalyzed alpha-alkylation of unactivated amides and esters by alcohols.
   205 rone by a process combining 1,4-addition and alkylation of vinylogous enolate to stereoselectively re
   206 -tolerant catalyst for direct Friedel-Crafts alkylations of a variety of slightly activated and neutr
  
   208 ond formation, contrary to the already known alkylations of such ambident nucleophiles, is mostly tri
   209 mical catalytic processes for Friedel-Crafts alkylations of unactivated arenes is an important object
   210 Review summarizes transition-metal-catalyzed alkylations of various carbon-hydrogen bonds (addition o
  
   212 pidly assembles quaternary nitriles by three alkylations, only one of which requires an organometalli
   213 nd mild one-pot protocols involving either O-alkylation or acidic microwave activation were developed
   214 ogate, which can be synthesized using robust alkylation or alkenylation reactions, and thus obviates 
   215 ium PEG polyelectrolytes can be obtained via alkylation or alkoxylation of MTEGE, providing access to
   216 ncipal type of transformation addressed: (1) alkylation or arylation, (2) core heteroatom replacement
   217 pon hydrogenation or hydration, various beta-alkylation or beta-aldol products of the ketones are obt
   218 on FGF2 surface cysteines as either chemical alkylation or substitution with alanines impairs these p
  
  
  
  
   223 vinyl phenyl sulfones, whereas the saturated alkylation products were obtained in good yield with alp
   224     The surprising stability of the chiral N-alkylation products will open new windows for asymmetric
  
   226  ABPP equivalent confirms a highly conserved alkylation profile, with both endoperoxide classes targe
   227 oteins and subjected to automated reduction, alkylation, protein digestion, tandem mass tag (TMT) 6-p
   228 strongly to plasma proteins, but a reduction/alkylation (R/A) procedure breaks this bond, enabling am
   229 U, and subsequent sulfone-metal exchange and alkylation rapidly assembles quaternary nitriles by thre
  
   231 ped this concept by performing the reductive alkylation reaction in monolayer CVD graphene films.    
   232 synthetic strategy based on a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction is developed for the textural engine
   233 and regioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of prochiral enolates to form an all
   234 ithiane-2,5-diol, and a domino Michael/alpha-alkylation reaction of the derived chiral dihydrothiophe
   235 rations and geometries of two Frater-Seebach alkylation reaction products with long hydrocarbon chain
   236 s-enables an enantioselective alpha-aldehyde alkylation reaction that employs simple olefins as coupl
   237 ramolecular 1,4-addition-type Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction to afford interesting complex molecu
  
   239  palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation reaction using a novel bisphosphine ligand.  
   240 then is subjected to a sequential, one-pot N-alkylation reaction with N-allyl-N-(p-tosyl)amine and a 
  
   242 t) in palladium-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions has proved to be extremely versatil
  
  
  
  
   247  process to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursor
   248  alpha-carbanions undergo diastereoselective alkylation reactions with alkyl halides to predominantly
   249 P(n) and Si-OTP(n), can be used to carry out alkylation reactions with an array of different nucleoph
   250  coupling, there is a growing demand for C-H alkylation reactions, wherein sp(3) C-H bonds are replac
  
  
  
   254 tivated asymmetric alpha-amination and alpha-alkylation, respectively, of 2-acyl imidazoles catalyzed
   255 vides the first experimental evidence that N-alkylation results in a dramatic increase of non-planari
   256 ilic fatty acid nitroalkenes react with more alkylation-sensitive targets in TNBC cells to inhibit gr
  
   258 (2) decarboxylative enantioselective allylic alkylation serves as a novel strategy to in effect acces
  
   260  The inversion of stereochemistry in the C-H alkylation step is consistent with a redox-neutral SN2 n
   261 ious conclusions that the diastereoselective alkylation step proceeds via an alpha-substituted malona
  
  
  
   265 y enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation that provides access to products bearing an a
   266 oach featuring a key decarboxylative allylic alkylation to access a crucial and highly congested 3,3-
   267 tions with arenes proceeds as Friedel-Crafts alkylation to afford 1,1-diaryl-2-halo-3,3,3-trifluoropr
  
   269 actol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chel
   270 Jung Diels-Alder reaction, an intramolecular alkylation to complete the 6-5-6-6 ring system, and a co
   271  strategy incorporates an asymmetric allylic alkylation to construct the tert-alkyl aryl ether linkag
   272    However, nucleobase modifications such as alkylation to the N2 position of guanine significantly i
   273 uperseded by a pathway leading to carbinol C-alkylation under the conditions of rhodium-catalyzed tra
  
   275 ng the door for an array of functional group alkylations using benign and readily available graphene 
   276 on, the Review is divided into two sections: alkylation via C-H activation and alkylation via olefin 
  
  
   279 e a polarity-match-based selective sp(3) C-H alkylation via the combination of photoredox, nickel and
   280 gh-valent iron oxos and nitrenes, C(sp(3))-H alkylations via isoelectronic iron carbene intermediates
   281 um yields are dramatically improved by boron alkylation, whereas alkylation in the meso-methyl positi
  
  
  
  
   286   A simple and reliable protocol for amide O-alkylation with complete regioselectivity has been desig
   287 ion mechanism of solid-acid-catalyzed phenol alkylation with cyclohexanol and cyclohexene in the apol
  
  
   290 ustrations of photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation with either a carbon nucleophile or a seconda
  
   292 automeric mixture, however, their subsequent alkylation with methyl iodide in the presence of potassi
  
  
  
   296 d generates a reactive metalated nitrile for alkylations with a range of carbon and heteroatom electr
   297 enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations with benzylic nucleophiles, activated with C
   298 ared to the use of classical metal-catalyzed alkylations with toxic benzylic halides, this methodolog
   299 380 enhanced only ACh potency after receptor alkylation, with no effect on maximal response, consiste
   300    The use of phosphate notably improves the alkylation yield, although it may not be directly involv
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