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1                              Hospitalization was defined as (1) first inpatient hospital admission, (
2                                       Stages were defined as (1) number of people living with HIV in
3                                          DPO was defined as 10 or more bilateral nodular ossification
4                           Amyloid-positivity was defined as 11C-Pittsburgh compound B target-to-cereb
5                             Chronic migraine was defined as 15 or more headache days per month, of wh
6                                          BCR was defined as 2 consecutive prostate-specific antigen r
7         Serotonergic antidepressant exposure was defined as 2 or more consecutive maternal prescripti
8     Primary outcome for the current analysis was defined as 6MWT improvement above the median.
9 tic, and pharmacodynamic profiling, the RP2D was defined as 800 mg twice per day.
10                      As such, quiescence can be defined as a distinct state outside of the cell cycle
11  The transversal profile of beams can always be defined as a superposition of orthogonal fields, such
12                                      PAr has been defined as a marker of lung cancer risk in a prospe
13                                           It is defined as a detachment of the anteroinferior labrum
14                              A network motif is defined as a statistically significant and recurring
15                          Dyspnea improvement was defined as a >/=1 point decrease in Rose Dyspnea Sca
16                                     Response was defined as a >/=50% HAMD-17-improvement after 28 +/-
17                             HBV reactivation was defined as a >1000 IU/mL increase in HBV DNA or HBsA
18 efined as zero lesions, and partial response was defined as a 50% or greater reduction in lesion coun
19                            Treatment success was defined as a 50% or greater reduction in pain freque
20 greater than 33%, and an unfavorable outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 4
21                               Severe obesity was defined as a body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kil
22                              An exacerbation was defined as a burst of systemic corticosteroids lasti
23                                         CUTS was defined as a candidemia with concomitant candiduria
24                          Moderate disability was defined as a cognitive score of 70 to 84 and either
25 el time to severe bacterial infection, which was defined as a composite endpoint of bacterial pneumon
26                A secondary cardiac end point was defined as a confirmed significant asymptomatic or m
27                            Treatment success was defined as a decrease in RPR titers of >/=2 dilution
28  air-trapping obstruction phenotype (A Trpg) was defined as a forced vital capacity (FVC) z score of
29                              Cardiac disease was defined as a history of atrial fibrillation, ischemi
30                    Aspirin nonresponsiveness was defined as a level of residual serum TXB2 associated
31                                   Recurrence was defined as a lid height less than 50% of the initial
32                              Villous atrophy was defined as a Marsh 3 lesion or villous height:crypt
33                                       Myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent of -0.75 diop
34                         Limb muscle weakness was defined as a Medical Research Council (MRC) score le
35                        A recurrent infection was defined as a MSSA blood culture between 45 and 365 d
36                                 Disagreement was defined as a negative symptom report or no mention o
37                          Disease progression was defined as a new lesion or a growth of a known lesio
38                          A patient "at risk" was defined as a person with a family history of retinob
39                                         LRTI was defined as a positive lower respiratory tract sample
40                                   Conception was defined as a positive pregnancy test result.
41                                     Factor B was defined as a presence of chronic upper airway compli
42 , and 6 kHz) were computed, and hearing loss was defined as a PTA>25 dB in adults and PTA>15 dB in ad
43                                     Diabetes was defined as a random glucose level of at least 200 mg
44                                This response was defined as a reduction of 2 points or more in the Cl
45                        Mild illness (n = 23) was defined as a respiratory rate (RR) < 55 and room air
46 global perceived effect (range, 1-9; success was defined as a score >/= 8), numeric rating scales ass
47                    Neurocognitive impairment was defined as a score >/=1.5 SD below age, sex, and edu
48                              VitD deficiency was defined as a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 < 2
49              OCT-based progression detection was defined as a significant negative trend for either N
50                                    High cIMT was defined as a study-specific value >/=90th percentile
51                                     Exposure was defined as a total TXA dose greater than 10 mg/kg fo
52                             A possible donor was defined as a ventilated inpatient death </=75 years
53            Clinically meaningful differences were defined as a 3-point difference in scores.
54  than or equal to 50%; cardiovascular events were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death or m
55 ipid core burden index (LCBI), and large LRP were defined as a maximum LCBI in 4 mm >/=400.
56 tantial fraction of public clones, which may be defined as Ab or TCR clonal sequences shared across i
57                             Asthma remission was defined as absence of asthma symptoms for >/=1 year
58 r day spent in different PA intensity levels were defined as accelerometer outcomes.
59                                 Planning can be defined as action selection that leverages an interna
60                             Primary outcomes were defined as acute and persisting complications of as
61      Gluten avoidance without celiac disease was defined as adherence to a gluten-free diet without a
62                          Acute graft failure was defined as AKI stages 1 to 3 (Acute Kidney Injury Ne
63                  The efficacy population set was defined as all patients randomly assigned to treatme
64                The composite primary outcome was defined as all-cause mortality or ventricular arrhyt
65                                     Delirium is defined as an acute disorder of attention and cogniti
66                                          PMI was defined as an absolute high-sensitivity cardiac trop
67                               A rotor domain was defined as an area displaying at least 3 consecutive
68                                    Remission was defined as an HRSD17 of 7 following 8 weeks of rando
69                          The outcome of ADHD was defined as an ICD-coded register diagnosis of ADHD a
70                     Chronic critical illness was defined as an ICU stay lasting 14 days or more with
71                            Clinical response was defined as an improvement by at least one New York H
72                             An increased ADR was defined as an increase by at least 1 quintile catego
73                              Immune recovery was defined as an increase in CD4(+) T cells to >/=100 c
74                                          FID was defined as an intimal disruption with contrast mater
75 outcome was new persistent opioid use, which was defined as an opioid prescription fulfillment betwee
76          Extravasation of the contrast agent was defined as anastomotic leakage.
77                           False-positive HCC was defined as answering "no" to the question: "was evid
78  of acamprosate treatment) while nonresponse was defined as any alcohol consumption during this perio
79                              MET-driven PRCC was defined as any of the following: chromosome 7 copy g
80       Hospital-level norepinephrine shortage was defined as any quarterly (3-month) interval in 2011
81                     Right-sided colon cancer was defined as any tumor arising in the cecum, ascending
82                Supplemental oxygen-free days were defined as any day while alive after diagnosis of R
83                                   Severe PAS was defined as aortic valve area <0.8 cm(2), mean aortic
84                                  Moderate AS was defined as aortic valve area between 1.0 and 1.5 cm(
85   The primary end point of arrhythmic events was defined as appropriate ICD therapy or sustained vent
86 40; functional near-vision impairment (FNVI) was defined as at least "moderate difficulty" with eithe
87  be included in the set of minimum standards was defined as at least 70% of the voting participants f
88                        Autonomic dysfunction was defined as autonomic failure at autonomic function t
89                          Event-free survival was defined as avoidance of external-beam radiotherapy (
90 re recorded; serum creatinine (Cr) at day 90 was defined as baseline.
91                          Poor visual outcome was defined as BCVA of worse than 20/40.
92 transmural extent of infarct (TEI) of </=50% are defined as being viable.
93       Islet autoimmunity and CD autoimmunity were defined as being positive for islet or tissue trans
94                            Avascular lesions were defined as benign.
95                           Treatment response was defined as both PSA </= 0.1 ng/mL and >50% reduction
96                Before this proposal, HBP had been defined as BP at or above the 95th percentile for a
97                            Neurologic injury was defined as brain death, seizures, stroke, and intrac
98              Eyes with CATCRP >1 diopter (D) were defined as candidates for toric IOL implantation.
99                                 Food allergy was defined as caretaker report of healthcare provider-d
100                              Mucosal healing was defined as CD Endoscopic Index of Severity of 0 in C
101                 Extracranial carotid disease was defined as cervical internal carotid artery stenosis
102 f initial treatment; in these cases, disease is defined as chemorefractory.
103                             Adjuvant therapy was defined as chemotherapy, with or without radiotherap
104  of 11,449 reliable visual fields (VFs) that are defined as clinically unaffected based on summary in
105                        Overall response will be defined as complete response, partial response, minor
106                           Treatment response was defined as complete abstinence (no alcohol consumpti
107                          Pathologic response was defined as complete versus incomplete response (Mand
108                    Receipt of all RW classes was defined as comprehensive assistance.
109 nd all remaining individuals (N = 2,274,713) were defined as control subjects.
110                                       MDR-TB was defined as culture-confirmed TB disease with resista
111          Unsuccessfully treated hypertension was defined as daytime ambulatory BP of at least 135/85
112                                LT indication was defined as DC if the Model for End-Stage Liver Disea
113                                  Early death was defined as death within 1 month of diagnosis.
114          High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were defined as del(17p), t(4;14), and/or t(14;16); addi
115                                Neurosyphilis was defined as detection of Treponema pallidum 16S RNA i
116                                          PHD was defined as diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MD
117 ame test and synoptophore; CPR-type diplopia was defined as diplopia associated with evidence of reti
118                           Statin intolerance was defined as down-titrating statins and initiating eze
119          Of these protein signals, one class is defined as 'effectors', i.e., small secreted proteins
120                 In particular, CHA reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane that re
121                   In contrast, CHO reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane where t
122               Confirmed undiagnosed diabetes was defined as elevated levels of fasting glucose (>/=7.
123                         The primary endpoint was defined as episodes of clinical malaria.
124                                   A gene can be defined as essential when loss of its function compro
125                       Chronic kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less
126                             PD-L1 positivity was defined as expression by immunohistochemistry on >/=
127                                        Cases were defined as eyes in which an RPE tear developed duri
128                               Adverse events were defined as fatal or nonfatal aortic rupture, rapid
129                Steatorrhea and hyperoxaluria were defined as fecal fat >7 g/day and urine oxalate >40
130                             Adverse outcomes were defined as fetal loss or a live infant with grossly
131                                         COPD was defined as FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) of less
132 lized in the design-centering problem, which is defined as finding a design that fulfills given speci
133                               Total fracture was defined as first fracture of any type.
134                                  The classes are defined as follows: experimentally evaluated effects
135 cic echocardiogram, and systolic dysfunction was defined as fractional shortening less than 25%.
136                            Successful ageing was defined as good cognitive, motor, and respiratory fu
137 hole-brain resting fMRI data, where networks are defined as graphs of interacting brain areas.
138  primary outcome for corticosteroid response was defined as greater than or equal to 10-point improve
139                                           MR was defined as &gt;/= mild regurgitation on color Doppler i
140                                A shock event was defined as &gt;/=1 spontaneous shocks delivered by an i
141       Prevalence of treated children in 2010 was defined as &gt;/=2 IBD-related visits with one visit an
142                                   Prevalence was defined as &gt;/=2 IBD-related visits.
143                                          PDR was defined as &gt;/=2% mutant frequency in a participant's
144                                          SDI was defined as &gt;/=4-fold increase in paired hemagglutini
145 ND Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as &gt;/=50% stenosis on angiography by core la
146                                  Reperfusion was defined as &gt;50% reduction in critical hypoperfusion
147 ignificant disagreement between two readings was defined as &gt;95% limits of agreement between two read
148                                     Clusters were defined as &gt;/=2 sequences, >/=80% local branch supp
149               Overall, 2.5% of all specimens were defined as harboring a relevant gene fusion (kinase
150 rrow, helping to identify those patients who are defined as having imaging MRD negativity.
151                    Low-level silica exposure was defined as having a lifetime highest annual mean sil
152                                    Remission was defined as having a SIGH-ADS score of 8 or less.
153               Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome was defined as having at least two Withdrawal Assessment
154     Polyomavirus-positive patients (n = 943) were defined as having any of the following: a kidney bi
155                             Expansion of ICH was defined as hematoma growth of greater than 33%, and
156 ified criteria and EGFR FISH-positive status was defined as high polysomy or amplification.
157                            Malignant disease was defined as high-grade dysplasia or invasive adenocar
158 0% of total standardized individual spending were defined as "high-cost" patients, using a 20% sample
159  patients with melanoma included, 1052 (39%) were defined as higher risk owing to a family history of
160 imental context, representational models can be defined as hypotheses about the distribution of activ
161                                Neurosyphilis was defined as (i) a reactive CSF Venereal Disease Resea
162 terest was the presence of an allo-LS, which was defined as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome or bronchio
163                                       A case was defined as illness compatible with botulism with lab
164                                       Plaque was defined as IMT >1.5 mm in any segment.
165 d "lichen planus." Diverse study populations were defined as including a greater than 20% racial or e
166                 Persisting T2 hyperintensity was defined as infarct T2 >2 SDs from remote T2 at 6 mon
167                                       A case was defined as infection with an outbreak strain in whic
168                        The success criterion was defined as IOP </= 12 mm Hg without and with antigla
169 tion were assessed; aortopathy configuration was defined as isolated dilatation of the sinus of Valsa
170 ve persistent fever after IVIG treatment and are defined as IVIG resistant.
171 omavirus-negative matched patients (n = 943) were defined as lacking any evidence of PV replication.
172                Potentially eligible patients were defined as last known well to arrival time </=4.5 h
173                                        NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation <51 Hounsfield Units af
174                                    ML grafts were defined as livers from donors >70, livers discarded
175                         Molecular recurrence was defined as loss of MMR (BCR-ABL1:ABL1 ratio >0.1%) o
176                                    A relapse was defined as loss of partial response.
177        Microbiological persistence of MAC-LD was defined as MAC-PP exceeding 1 year, in contrast with
178 o assess tissue elasticity, and hard lesions were defined as malignant.
179                                          pTR was defined as Mandard tumor regression grade 1-3; imagi
180                                         CPIP was defined as moderate pain lasting at least 3 months p
181                                       PCR-CI was defined as molecular diagnostic evidence of influenz
182                             Embolic infarcts were defined as new foci of reduced diffusion and high s
183                                 CVRF freedom was defined as no current smoking and untreated blood pr
184                            Technical failure was defined as no pixel value with a confidence index hi
185  (based on structured diagnostic interviews) was defined as no trauma at either blood draw (n = 175),
186 imary outcome was cessation of spasms, which was defined as no witnessed spasms on and between day 14
187                                LOF mutations were defined as nonsense, frameshift, and splice-site va
188  of Palaeolithic cannibalism have frequently been defined as 'nutritional' in nature, but with little
189  marginal status, in which treatment failure was defined as occurrence of residual or recurrent CIN2+
190                                          HPR was defined as on-clopidogrel P2Y12 platelet reaction un
191                       Allergic rhinitis (AR) was defined as one or more positive results on skin pric
192 efore data cutoff); a significant difference was defined as p<0.025.
193  high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as P2Y12 reaction units >208.
194                               Mild hyperoxia was defined as PaO2 between 120 and 200 mm Hg; severe hy
195                              Cases (n = 721) were defined as patients aged >/=45 years notified with
196                           Undertriaged cases were defined as patients who met the national anatomic t
197 g ADHD medication during the years 2004-2012 were defined as patients with ADHD (N = 47,944), and all
198                                  Anaphylaxis was defined as per World Allergy Organisation (WAO) crit
199                       Vitamin B-6 deficiency was defined as PLP <20 nmol/L, and insufficiency as PLP
200                                     Factor A was defined as poor adherence to ICS or ICS/LABA inhaler
201                    Molecular recurrence (MR) was defined as positivity of BCR-ABL transcript in a qua
202                           Airflow limitation was defined as post-bronchodilator spirometric (FEV1 /FV
203                                   Recurrence was defined as presence of tumor growth after treatment.
204  was vision-related functional burden, which was defined as present for individuals reporting moderat
205                                         PNVI was defined as presenting near vision worse than 20/40;
206 with refractory DLBCL which, for this study, was defined as progressive disease or stable disease as
207                             High persistence was defined as proportion of days covered >/=80% with >/
208 e over the year following hospital discharge was defined as proportion of days covered >/=80%.
209         According to the prion model, prions are defined as proteinaceous infectious particles compos
210                             Peri-implantitis was defined as radiographic bone loss of > 2 mm, probing
211 was failure-free survival (treatment failure was defined as radiologic, clinical, or PSA progression
212               Early fluoroquinolone (FQ) use was defined as receiving >/=5 doses during the first mon
213                       Remnant liver ischemia was defined as reduced or absent contrast enhancement du
214                      RV systolic dysfunction was defined as reduced RV ejection fraction based on pre
215                             Prediction error was defined as refractive error minus emmetropia.
216 onal area [SPA] and peripistonal area [PPA]) were defined as regions of interest.
217                         Traditional bullying was defined as repeated, intentional aggression that is
218 o efavirenz-containing regimens; suicidality was defined as reported suicidal ideation or attempted o
219               Bivalent histone modifications are defined as repressive and activating epigenetic mark
220                                     Recovery was defined as reversal at hospital discharge.
221                               RV dysfunction was defined as right ventricular ejection fraction </=45
222                                          AKI was defined as rise in serum creatinine concentration to
223  (SaO2) >/= 97%, and severe illness (n = 23) was defined as RR >/= 65 and SaO2 </= 92%.
224                                   Severe OMR was defined as RV>/=60 mL.
225  Questionnaire; elevated depression symptoms were defined as scores higher than 12 and 9, respectivel
226                                  IRA failure was defined as secondary proctectomy and/or rectal cance
227  (CRT) and concomitant medication at month 6 were defined as secondary endpoints.
228                                          CVD was defined as self-report of myocardial infarction and
229                                           ID was defined as SF <12 mug/L in the absence of infection
230 nd standard sick leave seperately, with rate being defined as sickness absence hours divided by the s
231                                       A case was defined as signs or symptoms of botulism in a prison
232                   Severe acute kidney injury was defined as stage 2 or 3 acute kidney injury (plasma
233 this cohort, 21.0% of the patients (210/999) were defined as statin users after diagnosis of colon ca
234                              Significant CAD was defined as stenosis greater than or equal to 50%; ca
235           In this observational study, cases were defined as subjects aged >9 years admitted with inf
236                  A primary cardiac end point was defined as symptomatic congestive heart failure of N
237                                         ATWI was defined as T-wave inversion in >/=2 contiguous anter
238                               Off-label TAVR was defined as TAVR in patients with known bicuspid valv
239 by the Institute of Medicine whereby quality was defined as testing being safe, effective, patient-ce
240           "Floor effects" in retinal imaging are defined as the points at which no further structural
241 field of viral epitranscriptomics, which can be defined as the study of functionally relevant posttra
242                         Deep phenotyping has been defined as the precise and comprehensive analysis o
243                        Metabolic flexibility is defined as the ability to adapt substrate oxidation r
244      The main outcome was observation, which is defined as the absence of definitive treatment within
245                                           It is defined as the area under the P rofile of S hannon D
246                                    A cascade is defined as the combination of at least two reaction s
247                       The variant proportion is defined as the fraction of a specific variant type (e
248                                         ARCH is defined as the gradual, clonal expansion of HSPCs car
249                                  The E-value is defined as the minimum strength of association, on th
250 ccult infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is defined as the presence of the HCV genome in either l
251                               Overuse, which is defined as the provision of medical services that are
252 tive summary measure, the Bayes factor (BF), is defined as the ratio of the probability of the data u
253 , which does not cause the spurious trigger, is defined as the reverse acceleration threshold (athr).
254                               Cardiac arrest is defined as the termination of cardiac activity associ
255  trans head-head isomer, where the CHF group is defined as the TrFE "head".
256                        Extraction efficiency was defined as the amount of lycopene extracted divided
257        The primary measure of ASD recurrence was defined as the diagnosis of ASD in a younger sibling
258                      High excess PHA (HEPHA) was defined as the differences between PHA and chronolog
259                                Viral rebound was defined as the first single viral load of more than
260                                      Failure was defined as the inability to obtain a valid examinati
261                                Dynamic range was defined as the maximum activity in the myocardial wa
262 ary outcome was tolerance acquisition, which was defined as the negativization of a double-blind food
263        The primary outcome-opioid oversupply-was defined as the number of patients with either filled
264                           Low-level viraemia was defined as the occurrence of at least one viral load
265                      A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, a
266                          Dual-task gait cost was defined as the percentage change between single- and
267                       Treatment failure rate was defined as the percentage of eyes with an increase i
268                                     Accuracy was defined as the percentage of LDL-CD falling within a
269                                Periodontitis was defined as the percentage of sites (0%, <30%, >/=30%
270 dentify cases of treatment-naive mCNV, which was defined as the presence of myopic refractive error w
271 -node-based detection of metastatic disease, was defined as the proportion of patients with node-posi
272 erator between the RADPAD and NOPAD arms and was defined as the ratio between operator's exposure (E
273                                     Recovery was defined as the resolution of inflammation in all ana
274                                  Image noise was defined as the standard deviation of attenuation mea
275                    Progression-free survival was defined as the time from diagnosis until disease pro
276               Total ischemic time (in hours) was defined as the time of the donor renal artery interr
277                             Benchmark values were defined as the 75th percentile of the median outcom
278                                       Floors were defined as the average image area with a loss less
279 erifyNow assay; major adverse cardiac events were defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardi
280                                 Excess costs were defined as the difference in costs between the asth
281                           Shorter procedures were defined as the lowest quartile of duration (<45 min
282  where "somewhat better" or "somewhat worse" were defined as the MCID estimates.
283                       High-attenuation areas were defined as the percentage of imaged lung volume wit
284                    Patients aged 10-40 years were defined as the relevant age category for newly diag
285                              Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individua
286                     Low-prevalence subgroups were defined as those in which a greater than 1% prevale
287                     Vulnerable brain regions were defined as those with baseline oxygen delivery less
288                            Shedding duration was defined as time between first positive and first neg
289                                          EFS was defined as time from date of diagnosis to progressio
290 n the cervical lesion than in the myometrium was defined as time-signal intensity curve type B and sh
291  roots with radicular grooves (grade 3 or 4) were defined as Tome's anomalous root and these roots ha
292 ean scale score of 0 to 2 (</=50% hair loss) was defined as treatment success.
293                          All remaining cases were defined as type 2 diabetes.
294 boratory (VDRL) test; uncomplicated syphilis was defined as undetectable CSF T. pallidum, CSF WBCs </
295                        Spontaneous clearance was defined as undetectable viremia twice at least 6-mon
296                                Postpartum AD was defined as use of antidepressants and/or hospital co
297 ut an existing PE, while therapeutic filters were defined as VCFs placed after a PE.
298                         Prophylactic filters were defined as VCFs placed before or without an existin
299            Virological and clinical relapses were defined as viral DNA levels >2000 IU/mL and alanine
300                            Complete response was defined as zero lesions, and partial response was de

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