ライフサイエンスコーパス: methyladenine

1 ylated bases such as N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine.

2 nhibitors and with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine.

3 by 9-methyladenine is 50% stronger than by 7-methyladenine.

4 lear DNA of Tetrahymena are methylated to N6-methyladenine.

5 Alkbh1 encodes a demethylase for N(6)-methyladenine.

6 Tetrahymena thermophila are modified to N 6-methyladenine.

7 triction) recognizes both methylcytosine and methyladenine.

8 ing 3-methylthymidine, 3-methyluracil, and 6-methyladenine.

9 ensitivity to PI3K-class III inhibition by 3-methyladenine.

10 Exposure to their natural mitogen, 1-methyladenine (1-MA), leads to the activation of MPF and

11 ocytes to the maturation inducing hormone, 1-methyladenine (1-MA).

12 These include N6-methyladenine, 1-methyladenine, N6,N6-dimethyladenine, 1

13 sal of alkylation damage to DNA; primarily 1-methyladenine (1mA) and 3-methylcytosine (3mC) lesions c

14 te and excise N3-methylcytosine (3mC) and N1-methyladenine (1mA), which are also repaired by AlkB-cat

15 nine alkyl derivatives 9-ethyladenine (2), 3-methyladenine (3), 1-methyladenine (4), and N,N-dimethyl

16 we used the stable 3-deaza analog, 3-deaza-3-methyladenine (3-dMeA), which blocks the DNA minor groov

17 rmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) completely suppressed transitory fu

18 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is one of the most commonly used in

19 nfected cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) markedly reduced the viral titer, a

20 ical or genetic inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Beclin-1 small interfering RNA (

21 Autophagy activation was inhibited using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or siRNA knockdown of Atg5 and the

22 th the phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or were transfected with autophagy-

23 from the combination of 5.Let (or 4) with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or with curcumin, respectively, rev

24 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used as an autophagy inhibitor.

25 phagy inhibitors hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) prevent

26 hatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or by depletion of the autophagy-r

27 Similarly, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), which inhibits autophagy and bafil

28 ed by inhibiting autophagy formation using 3-methyladenine (3-MA).

29 mal (MG-132 and MG-262) and ALD [NH4Cl and 3-methyladenine (3-MA)] inhibitors to examine their specif

30 as synthesized to preferentially generate N3-methyladenine (3-MeA) adducts which are expected to be c

31 NA glycosylase I (TAG) in complex with its 3-methyladenine (3-MeA) cognate base, and we have used che

32 N3-Methyladenine (3-MeA) is formed in DNA by reaction with

33 from the knockout (ko) animals to release 3-methyladenine (3-meA) or 7-methylguanine (7-meG) from 3H

34 beclin-1, or Atg5 or pharmacologically by 3-methyladenine [3-MA] or spautin-1), arguing that NBK/Bik

35 strates (7-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, purine, 6-chloropurine,

36 Their treatment with 3-methyladenine (3MA) blocked presentation of citrullinate

37 3-methyladenine (3MA) or rapamycin were used to determine

38 alyzes the removal of the cytotoxic lesion 3-methyladenine (3mA).

39 pecificity for small lesions, principally N3-methyladenine (3mA).

40 Most cells deficient in 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylase become sensitive to

41 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG1 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylase, when expressed at

42 cDNA, designated mag1, encoding a S. pombe 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylase.

43 Inappropriate expression of 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylases has been shown to

44 3-Methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylases initiate base exci

45 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylases remove 3MeAs from

46 In Escherichia coli, the repair of 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA lesions prevents alkylation-ind

47 including N(7)-methylguanine (7MeG) and N(3)-methyladenine (3MeA), can be induced by environmental me

48 s 9-ethyladenine (2), 3-methyladenine (3), 1-methyladenine (4), and N,N-dimethyladenine (5) have been

49 ucleotides in the DNA template, including N6-methyladenine, 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytos

50 Recent evidence described 6-methyladenine (6 mA) as a novel epigenetic regulator in

51 he bases and their mean amounts (in %) are 2-methyladenine (60.6%), p-cresol (16.3%), adenine (12.5%)

52 the prevalence and significance of DNA N(6)-methyladenine (6mA or m(6)dA) in eukaryotes had been und

53 chlorella viruses contain high levels of N6-methyladenine (6mA) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC), but the

54 DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is newly rediscovered as a potential

55 DNA N(6)-methyladenine (6mA) modification is commonly found in mi

56 A methylation in R-M systems, including N(6)-methyladenine (6mA), 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and N(4)-met

57 A novel DNA adenine modification, N(6)-methyladenine (6mA), has recently been found in mammalia

58 ed for a series of AlkA purine substrates (7-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 3-methy

59 alkylation and oxidative damage, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and 1

60 f P2Y antagonists related to a 2-chloro-N(6)-methyladenine-9-(2-methylpropyl) scaffold, containing un

61 or cell treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, a class III PI3K (hVps34) inhibitor, also

62 has defined the biological consequences of 3-methyladenine, a DNA lesion produced by endogenous cellu

63 Calculations and experiments with 3-methyladenine, a harmful mutagenic nucleobase, uncovered

64 Moreover, we established that 3-methyladenine, a relatively minor DNA lesion produced by

65 To determine how the cytotoxic N3-methyladenine adduct generated from MeOSO(2)-lex is repa

66 In addition, it is demonstrated that both N3-methyladenine adduction and cytotoxicity can be inhibite

67 glycosylases but not by inactivation of a 3-methyladenine (AlkA) DNA glycosylase.

68 y linked because inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine also markedly attenuated apoptosis.

69 Incubation of DFO-treated cells with 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted in degra

70 vival of cardiac myocytes was decreased by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, suggesting tha

71 -fluoromethyl ketone, but was inhibited by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy.

72 n-induced neuronal death was attenuated by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy; Atg7 knockdown

73 e for the removal of damaged bases such as 3-methyladenine and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine from the DNA afte

74 pairs of adenine and thymine, (AT)(-), and 9-methyladenine and 1-methylthymine, (MAMT)(-), have been

75 e these sugars would have been tied, viz., 9-methyladenine and 1-methylthymine.

76 1-Methyladenine and 3-methyladenine derivatives on montmor

77 ntly found to repair cytotoxic DNA lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine by using a novel iron

78 Both enzymes remove 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine from methylated polyn

79 mologs ABH2 and ABH3, directly demethylate 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in DNA.

80 of AlkB enzymes remove methyl groups from 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in nucleic acids via

81 urified AlkB repairs the cytotoxic lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in single- and double

82 include 3-methylthymine in DNA, as well as 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine, which all have struc

83 lating agents by repair of the DNA lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine, which are generated

84 The DNA bases N6-methyladenine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine occur across a

85 h between two DNA fragments carrying both N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine but differing only in

86 o previously described SMRT sequencing of N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine, we show that N4-meth

87 n repair rates of dimethyl sulfate-induced 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine adducts were measured

88 yme did not remove alkylated bases such as 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine whereas methyl-formami

89 The rates of deamination of 9-methyladenine and 9-methylguanine were found to be simil

90 Modeling studies with the cytotoxic lesion 3-methyladenine and accompanying biochemical experiments s

91 goadenylates as long as undecamer, and the 2-methyladenine and adenine derivatives on montmorillonite

92 Methyladenine and adenine N-phosphoryl derivatives of ad

93 The binding and reaction of methyladenine and adenine N-phosphoryl derivatives of ad

94 d (trehalose and Rab1A) or down-regulated (3-methyladenine and ATG5 shRNA) by enhancers or inhibitors

95 oquine and bafilomycin A1) and autophagic (3-methyladenine and Atg5 siRNA) antagonists.

96 d cellular autophagy and was suppressed by 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, by inhibitors of lysos

97 by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and by treatment with the potential therap

98 tization, we used the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine and found that either drug

99 sponse to metabolic stress, prevented with 3-methyladenine and induced by rapamycin.

100 G), which repairs the cytotoxic lesions N(3)-methyladenine and N(7)-methylguanine, may contribute to

101 For 1-methyladenine and N,N-dimethyladenine, we measure the N9

102 SMRT) sequencing enables the detection of N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine, two major types of

103 clear relationship between the levels of N3-methyladenine and toxicity in an alkA/tag glycosylase mu

104 tionship between the in vivo formation of N3-methyladenine and toxicity in wild-type and base excisio

105 , a relationship between the formation of N3-methyladenine and toxicity is also observed.

106 d in the presence of PI3 kinase inhibitors 3-methyladenine and Wortmannin and also by depletion of At

107 s pretreated with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and wortmannin.

108 The results demonstrate the importance of 3-methyladenine, and in some cases 3-methylguanine, lesion

109 The S(1) lifetimes of 1-, 3-, and 9-methyladenine are similar to one another and are all bel

110 TMZ-induced lesions (N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine) are base excision repair (BER) substrates

111 Here we identify N(6)-methyladenine as another form of DNA modification in mou

112 of MMS-induced alkylation damage, such as N3-methyladenine, as well as bypassing the abasic sites gen

113 ls with a specific inhibitor of autophagy (3-methyladenine) attenuated localization of LC3 to autopha

114 ith octreotide or octreotide combined with 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor, 3MA).

115 alkylation therapy, by excising cytotoxic N3-methyladenine bases formed by DNA-targeting anticancer c

116 ition of autophagy at an early stage using 3-methyladenine blocked UV-induced autophagic flux in A-T

117 atly alleviated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine but not by the proteasome inhibitor N-benz

118 hagy by chemical or genetic means by using 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, a dominant negative form of

119 nhibition of autophagy by pharmacological (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, or bafilomycin A1) or geneti

120 Importantly, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine completely abolishes LPS-induced muscle pr

121 ion of FCVs was significantly inhibited by 3-methyladenine, confirming a role for the autophagic path

122 Our results demonstrate that N(6)-methyladenine constitutes a crucial component of the epi

123 early wild-type levels of activity on the N6-methyladenine-containing sequence, GGmATCC.

124 The deposition of N(6)-methyladenine correlates with epigenetic silencing of su

125 Here we show that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine delays neuronal cell loss caused by dysfun

126 N(6)-methyladenine deposition is inversely correlated with th

127 The 1-methyladenine derivative yielded linear, cyclic, and A5'

128 A 2-chloro-N(6)-methyladenine derivative, 2-[2-(2-chloro-6-methylaminopu

129 An acyclic N(6)-methyladenine derivative, 2-[2-(6-methylamino-purin-9-yl

130 1-Methyladenine and 3-methyladenine derivatives on montmorillonite yielded oli

131 Thus, N(6)-methyladenine developed a new role in epigenetic silenci

132 lamine or the inhibitor of macroautophagy, 3-methyladenine, did not prevent rapamycin from partially

133 The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is a repair enzyme t

134 The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes and excis

135 s method using the human DNA repair enzyme 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG).

136 between ERalpha and the DNA repair protein 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (MPG) thereby providing a

137 The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase [alkyladenine DNA glycosyl

138 C with increases in the DNA repair enzymes 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic

139 We report the crystal structure of human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase complexed to a mechanism-b

140 of the DNA with uracil-DNA glycosylase or 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase failed to reveal additiona

141 s bearing homozygous null mutations in the 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene (Aag).

142 excision repair genes (including the MAG1 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene) and a large selectio

143 aromyces pombe strains mutant for the mag1 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene.

144 In contrast to the highly specific 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (E. coli TAG) that catal

145 Here we report the solution structure of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) in complex with it

146 The Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) is a DNA repair en

147 Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) specifically catal

148 DNA glycosylase (AAG) and Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II (AlkA) bind tightly to

149 3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylase II (AlkA) from Escherichia

150 3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylase II (AlkA) is an enzyme tha

151 The Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II protein (AlkA) recogniz

152 By fusing the yeast 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase MAG1 to a tetR DNA-binding

153 udy was made possible by the generation of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase null mutant cells by targe

154 The human enzyme 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase removes a diverse group of

155 m DNA suggests an age-dependent decline in 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, a BER enzyme responsible

156 se excision-repair enzymes, AAG, the major 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, and APE1, the major apuri

157 Our results identify 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision re

158 approximately 0.3 in strains deficient in 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylases I and II, FAPY DNA glycos

159 ing agent that almost exclusively produces 3-methyladenine DNA lesions.

160 Human 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase (MPG protein) initiates ba

161 Human 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase (MPG protein) is involved

162 nofunctional DNA glycosylase AlkA (E. coli 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II) reveals a large hydrop

163 Cells use 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases to excise some methylated

164 thylpurine-DNA glycosylases (MPG proteins, 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases) excise numerous damaged

165 Inhibition of autophagic signaling with 3-methyladenine, dominant-negative Vps34, or Atg7 shRNA re

166 Addition of an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) during alpha-MT treatment also induces ap

167 s clearly not essential for AlkB to repair 1-methyladenine effectively, but a nucleotide 5' phosphate

168 tophagy inhibitors, whereas PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine failed to increase IL-23 secretion.

169 ors bafilomycin A1, ammonium chloride, and 3-methyladenine failed to increase ubiquitinated protein l

170 l group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine to N(6)-methyladenine-free lambda DNA and to protect methylated

171 e enzyme releases both 7-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine from DNA.

172 A and U with the phosphate activated with 1-methyladenine generate RNA oligomers containing 40-50 mo

173 One of the BER mutants, a 3-methyladenine glycosylase defective (mag1) strain also s

174 ent in one or both of the genes coding for 3-methyladenine glycosylase.

175 omes and lysosomes by temperature block or 3-methyladenine, hampered the conversion of TPP I proenzym

176 ne another and are all below 300 fs, while 7-methyladenine has a significantly longer lifetime (tau =

177 acidities of adenine, 9-ethyladenine, and 3-methyladenine have been investigated for the first time,

178 in vivo repair rates to in vitro rates for 3-methyladenine, however, shows that the rate-limiting ste

179 cost-effective way to identify a single N(6)-methyladenine in a nucleic acid target.

180 (TAG) is a DNA repair enzyme that excises 3-methyladenine in DNA and is the smallest member of the h

181 e kinetic parameters for AlkB oxidation of 1-methyladenine in poly(dA), short oligodeoxyribonucleotid

182 OX) that catalyzes the demethylation of N(6)-methyladenine in RNA.

183 The stimulation of oocyte maturation by 1-methyladenine in starfish, and by a steroid in frogs, ha

184 the HPLC to demonstrate the presence of N 6-methyladenine in the DNA.

185 rophages, and inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine increased intracellular accumulation of ch

186 Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine increased, whereas enhancement of autophag

187 Inhibition of the autophagic fluxes with 3-methyladenine, increases mixture-induced cell death.

188 ophagy by a mechanism that is resistant to 3-methyladenine inhibition.

189 Wortmannin and 3-methyladenine, inhibitors of class III phosphatidylinost

190 Excited-state absorption (ESA) by 9-methyladenine is 50% stronger than by 7-methyladenine.

191 ws that methylation of adenine to form N (6)-methyladenine is a rare but readily detectable modificat

192 that the most commonly written tautomer of 3-methyladenine is not the most stable in the gas phase.

193 demonstrate the cellular toxicity of the N3-methyladenine lesion, and the protective role of base ex

194 unctionality (Me-lex) selectively affords N3-methyladenine lesions in >90% yield relative to the form

195 nality (MeOSO(2)-lex) selectively affords N3-methyladenine lesions.

196 abasic sites generated after Mag1 removes N3-methyladenine lesions.

197 An increase of N(6)-methyladenine levels in Alkbh1-deficient cells leads to

198 ent of cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine, LY-294002, or Wortmanin rescued Gn degrad

199 While N(6)-methyladenine (m(6)A) is a common modification in prokar

200 ted bases show high activity in repairing N1-methyladenine (m1A) and N3-methylcytosine (m3C), compara

201 ses are specific to a particular base, the 3-methyladenine (m3A) DNA glycosylases include both highly

202 In every case a number of new N(6)-methyladenine ((m6)A) and N(4)-methylcytosine ((m4)C) me

203 ompared with the destabilizing effects of N6-methyladenine (m6A) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) r

204 ed this approach to detect 49,311 putative 6-methyladenine (m6A) residues and 1,407 putative 5-methyl

205 n at N(6) in EA prompted us to evaluate N(6)-methyladenine (m6A), an important epigenetic signal for

206 some (bortezomib), but not macroautophagy (3-methyladenine), markedly increased PNPLA3 levels in WT m

207 d after addition of the free purine base, N6-methyladenine ((me)A).

208 complexes formed between adenine (A) or N-6-methyladenine (meA) monomer and deoxythymidylate (dTn) p

209 The damH gene product is a N 6-methyladenine methyltransferase that recognizes this seq

210 identified two previously unidentified N(6)-methyladenine motifs and showed that they maintained a c

211 ted nucleobase analogs (N1-methyladenine, N3-methyladenine, N1-methylcytosine, N3-methylcytosine) and

212 resence of methylated nucleobase analogs (N1-methyladenine, N3-methyladenine, N1-methylcytosine, N3-m

213 These include N6-methyladenine, 1-methyladenine, N6,N6-dimethyladenine, 1-methylhypoxanthi

214 r, netropsin affects neither the level of N3-methyladenine nor the toxicity of methyl methanesulfonat

215 Here, we reveal that DNA containing N6-methyladenine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine exhibits reduce

216 ition of PKCdelta-facilitated autophagy by 3-methyladenine or Atg5 knock-out renders a greater preval

217 reating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by overexpression of DsbA-L.

218 ttenuated when autophagy was suppressed by 3-methyladenine or by small interfering RNA against beclin

219 Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or chloroquine further exacerbated APAP-in

220 Incubation of cells with 3-methyladenine or knockdown of ATG5 suppressed DCA + MEK1

221 Tat had no effect when 3-methyladenine or knockdown of beclin 1 blocked early sta

222 Treatment of cells with 3-methyladenine or knockdown of beclin 1 was protective, w

223 as pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine or KU55933) abolished preconditioning-indu

224 ing autophagy by chloroquine, bafilomycin, 3-methyladenine or LC3BsiRNA, significantly blocked penflu

225 antibodies able to detect DNA containing N6-methyladenine or N4-methylcytosine.

226 Blocking autophagy by treating cells with 3-methyladenine or overexpressing dominant-negative ATG5 a

227 Although autophagy was suppressed by 3-methyladenine or shRNAs targeting autophagic proteins (B

228 Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or small interfering RNA specific to VPS34

229 Blockade of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or small-interfering RNA knockdown of Becl

230 inhibitors of autophagy (bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against

231 phagic activity by an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, or Atg5 small interfering RNA, reduces th

232 s blocked using either chemical inhibitors 3-methyladenine, or by RNA interference knockdown of becli

233 and the 4 analogues that contain the bases-2-methyladenine, p-cresol, adenine, and 2-(methylthio)aden

234 rines such as 8-chlorocaffeine and 8-bromo-9-methyladenine react with [Pt(PPh3)4] under oxidative add

235 nt contraction as an assay to identify the 1-methyladenine receptor.

236 f the fluorescence-quenching properties of 1-methyladenine; removal of the alkyl group results in a >

237 human enzymes, ABH2 and ABH3, demethylated 1-methyladenine residues in poly(dA), they were inefficien

238 f the autophagic pathway by treatment with 3-methyladenine restored the bactericidal effects of BMDCs

239 Dendritic cells treated with LPS and 3-methyladenine secreted enhanced levels of both IL-1beta

240 LC3) up-regulation in a time-dependent and 3-methyladenine-sensitive manner.

241 on, we report DA-6mA-seq (DpnI-Assisted N(6)-methylAdenine sequencing), an approach that uses DpnI to

242 port the conclusion that G(i) functions in 1-methyladenine signaling and suggest the possibility of u

243 hod using a new silver cluster probe, termed methyladenine-specific NanoCluster Beacon (maNCB), which

244 ntracellular signaling events initiated by 1-methyladenine stimulation.

245 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and 3-methyladenine, suggesting that it acts through the mamma

246 -induced autophagy using Bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine suppressed viral growth in initial stages;

247 MPG has a role in removing adducts such as 3-methyladenine that block DNA synthesis and there is a po

248 e have likewise measured two acidities for 3-methyladenine, the N10 (347 +/- 4 kcal mol(-)(1)) and th

249 , while position-dependent repair rates of 3-methyladenine varied only sixfold.

250 wth arrest by the class III PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine was alleviated by essential amino acid sup

251 2 is phosphorylated in vivo in response to 1-methyladenine which precedes MPF activation, making PRK2

252 Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine and 3-methyladenine worsened renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

253 autophagy, either with the PI3K inhibitors 3-methyladenine, wortmannin, and LY294002 or with small in